Grade 5 Mathematics, Quarter 1, Unit 1.

Decimals in the Number System

Overview

Number of Instructional Days:

Content to Be Learned

15

(1 day = 45-60 minutes)

Mathematical Practices to Be Integrated 2. Reason Abstractly and Quantitatively Make sense of quantities and their relationship in problem situations. Use quantitative reasoning that entails creating a coherent representation of quantities, not just how to compute with them

Recognize place value relationships. In a multidigit number, each place represents: o o 10 times as much as the place to the right; 1/10 of the place to its left.

When multiplying/dividing a number by powers of 10, explain patterns based on the number of zeros and placement of decimal point. Use whole number exponents to denote powers of ten. Read, write, and compare decimals to the thousandths place in multiple ways.

7. Look for and make use of structure. Look closely to understand a pattern. Generalize a pattern.

8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. Look for both general methods and shortcuts Continually evaluate the reasonableness of intermediate results.

Essential Questions What effect does multiplying or dividing by ten or a power of ten have on a number? How do you determine which decimal is greater than, less than, or equal to another? How does expanded form help you understand the value of each digit in a number? When comparing numbers with decimals to the thousandths place, how does expanded form help you?

Southern Rhode Island Regional Collaborative with process support from The Charles A. Dana Center at the University of Texas at Austin Revised 2013-2014

Written Curriculum
Common Core State Standards for Mathematical Content Number and Operations in Base Ten Understand the place value system. 5.NBT.1 Recognize that in a multi-digit number, a digit in one place represents 10 times as much as it represents in the place to its right and 1/10 of what it represents in the place to its left. 5.NBT.2 Explain patterns in the number of zeros of the product when multiplying a number by powers of 10, and explain patterns in the placement of the decimal point when a decimal is multiplied or divided by a power of 10. Use whole-number exponents to denote powers of 10. 5.NBT.3 Read, write, and compare decimals to thousandths. a. Read and write decimals to thousandths using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form, e.g., 347.392 = 3 100 + 4 10 + 7 1 + 3 (1/10) + 9 (1/100) + 2 (1/1000). Compare two decimals to thousandths based on meanings of the digits in each place, using >, =, and < symbols to record the results of comparisons. 5.NBT

b.

Common Core Standards for Mathematical Practice 2 Reason Abstractly and Quantitatively.

Mathematically proficient students make sense of quantities and their relationships in problem situations. They bring two complementary abilities to bear on problems involving quantitative relationships: the ability to decontextualizeto abstract a given situation and represent it symbolically and manipulate the representing symbols as if they have a life of their own, without necessarily attending to their referentsand the ability to contextualize, to pause as needed during the manipulation process in order to probe into the referents for the symbols involved. Quantitative reasoning entails habits of creating a coherent representation of the problem at hand; considering the units involved; attending to the meaning of quantities, not just how to compute them; and knowing and flexibly using different properties of operations and objects. 7 Look for and make use of structure.

Mathematically proficient students look closely to discern a pattern or structure. Young students, for example, might notice that three and seven more is the same amount as seven and three more, or they may sort a collection of shapes according to how many sides the shapes have. Later, students will see 7
Southern Rhode Island Regional Collaborative with process support from The Charles A. Dana Center at the University of Texas at Austin Revised 2013-2014

 8 equals the well remembered 7 5 + 7 3, in preparation for learning about the distributive property. In the expression x2 + 9x + 14, older students can see the 14 as 2 7 and the 9 as 2 + 7. They recognize the significance of an existing line in a geometric figure and can use the strategy of drawing an auxiliary line for solving problems. They also can step back for an overview and shift perspective. They can see complicated things, such as some algebraic expressions, as single objects or as being composed of several objects. For example, they can see 5 3(x y)2 as 5 minus a positive number times a square and use that to realize that its value cannot be more than 5 for any real numbers x and y.

Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.

Mathematically proficient students notice if calculations are repeated, and look both for general methods and for shortcuts. Upper elementary students might notice when dividing 25 by 11 that they are repeating the same calculations over and over again, and conclude they have a repeating decimal. By paying attention to the calculation of slope as they repeatedly check whether points are on the line through (1, 2) with slope 3, middle school students might abstract the equation (y 2)/(x 1) = 3. Noticing the regularity in the way terms cancel when expanding (x 1)(x + 1), (x 1)(x2 + x + 1), and (x 1)(x3 + x2 + x + 1) might lead them to the general formula for the sum of a geometric series. As they work to solve a problem, mathematically proficient students maintain oversight of the process, while attending to the details. They continually evaluate the reasonableness of their intermediate results. Clarifying the Standards Prior Learning In fourth grade, students solidified an understanding of whole number place value a digit in one place represents 10 times what it represents to its right. Students generalized their understanding of whole number place value, wrote whole numbers in expanded form, and compared multidigit whole numbers using <, >, or =. Fourth grade students used decimal notation for fractions and compared decimal fractions. Fractions were limited to denominators of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100. Current Learning This unit is a critical area for 5th grade. Students expand their knowledge of whole number place value to include decimal place value to the thousandths place; they will understand that a digit in one place represents 10 times what it represents to its right and 1/10 of what is to its left. The extension of the place value system from whole numbers to decimals is a major intellectual accomplishment involving understanding and skill with base-ten units and fractions; use multiple base ten strategiesnumber lines, base ten manipulatives . Further, they will write multidigit numbers in expanded form to thousandths and use >, <, and = to compare numbers including decimals.

Southern Rhode Island Regional Collaborative with process support from The Charles A. Dana Center at the University of Texas at Austin Revised 2013-2014

Future Learning In sixth grade, students use standard algorithms to fluently add, subtract, multiply, and divide multidigit decimals. Students order rational numbers using symbols and the number line. Additional Findings According to the Progressions K5 Number and Operations in Base Ten, The power of the base-ten system is in repeated bundling by ten: 10 tens make a unit called a hundred. Repeating this process of creating new units by bundling in groups of ten creates units called thousand, ten thousand, hundred thousand In learning about decimals, children partition a one into 10 equal-sized smaller units, each of which is a tenth. Each base-ten unit can be understood in terms of any other base-ten unit. For example, one hundred can be viewed as a tenth of a thousand, 10 tens, 100 ones, or 1 ,000 tenths. Algorithms for operations in base ten draw on such relationships (pp. 23).

Southern Rhode Island Regional Collaborative with process support from The Charles A. Dana Center at the University of Texas at Austin Revised 2013-2014