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Outline
Thriving amidst Geologic Hazards in the Philippines Part 2
Emmanuel G. Ramos, PhD Geophysicist Tekton GeoMetrix Risks and disaster reduction
Hazards, Risks and disaster reduction Challenges in disaster/risk management
Ignorance or improper knowledge Improper planning/preparation Improper cooperation

A challenge to Disaster/Risk Managers

What are geologic hazards?


Geologic events that can cause destruction of lives and property. Volcanic eruptions Earthquakes Fault movement Liquefaction Landslides Floods Tsunami Debris flow and lahars Subsidence Meteorite impact?

What are the features of geologic hazards? Part of natural processes on Earth Involve geologic (Earth) materials Usually of high energy Some are slow onset (sea level rise) Some are fast onset (earthquake) Some are predictable (tides, volcanic eruptions) Some are hard to predict (earthquakes, meteor fall) Some are geographic in occurrence (glaciers) Some are common (landslides) Some have primeland preference (floods)

Faults and Liquefaction Are both Hazards?

HAZARD MAPS:

How are these maps generated? Details or concepts?

Lahar Hazard Map of Mayon Volcano

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Hazard zonation map of Canlaon Volcano

How are these maps generated? Details or concepts?

How are these maps generated? Details or concepts?

Lake

Centennial Park

Clark airfield

Sacobia River showing 1994 topography & 1997 SPOT

What are the sources of information? Details or concepts?

Do you need to know? Number of events vs. Magnitude of events

Do you need to know? Relationship Between Magnitude Scales

Do you need to know? Types of surface waves

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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Study of Historical Earthquakes and Tsunamis

Is information fixed?

Is information fixed?
Tsunami risk areas in the Philippines

Ignorance is costly!

Ignorance is costly!

Ignorance is costly!
Government agencies that address geologic hazards
PHIVOLCS earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and lahars Mines and Geoscience Bureau landslides, subsidence, floods Bureau of Soils and Water Management erosion and floods PAGASA typhoons, floods National Water Resources Board - floods

PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale

Back to basics!

Note: Most are of national in level PHIVOLCS has volcano observatories & seismic stations PAGASA has weather stations BSWM has field stations MGB has regional stations What to do Before,During and After an Earthquake

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MANDATE
To prevent, or at least
mitigate disasters arising from volcanic eruptions, occurrences of largemagnitude earthquakes, and/or other related geotectonic phenomena

Monitoring Network

Taal Volcano, Batangas, Luzon Island

LANDSLIDES

WHY TAKE THE RISK?? The task of a risk manager

Baguio landslide

Cherry Hill landslide

Examples of risks from Philippine geologic hazards

Geologic hazards ~ Extreme events


Large geologic events Climate change and extreme weather Complex events
Large geologic event Chain of other (smaller) events Large area of (multiple types of) impact Mixture of Short and Long term impacts
Sendong-type storms Tsunami Distant and local Large volcanic eruption

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Risks from geologic hazards

The management of risks from geologic hazards


Events can be controlled And risks can be reduced

Events cannot be controlled But risks can be reduced

How can comics reduce risks from geologic hazards? WHY TAKE THE RISK?? The task of a risk manager

Resilience Anticipation Prevention

Four Technology Trends to Watch (ca. 2004)


LocationLocation- interactive based Services Imaging and Positioning

Geographic Information Systems


Geographic Information Systems (GIS) help analyze, integrate, and display information. GIS is an excellent tool for emergency managers. GIS enables easy visualization of complex situations.

Open GIS Consortium


Spatial connectivity
for a changing world.

Java Xlink XML Schema


Service Communities

Services Request

Gateway Services

Device and Carrier Community Service Request Input Device

Mobile (Wireless)
Gateway Services

Output Method
(content (content prepared prepared for for output to to Multiple Multiple Devices) Devices)

Server and HTTP JavaScript Web PagesXML HTML

Internet SOAP

Service Response Output Device

Response

2000, Open Open GIS GIS Consortium, Consortium , Inc. Inc. All All Rights Reserved Reserved

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Internet and hazards visualization


Use Internet to... Search for hazards maps from online agencies Interactively view & modify maps Use maps for decisions

Visualization of hazards
Hazard Map Discovery and Visualization Applications Hazard Map Sources
O G C W E B S E R V I C E S

Publish Discover
Web-Based Thin Clients Web& GIS Applications

National University NGO

Visualize ValueAdd

LGU Community

= Web Server

Service/Data Registries Web Mapping - Data Servers Web Mapping - Portrayal Services

Internet and Web-based Technologies


Global & evolving Internet. Multiple connections: terrestrial, wireless, satellite. Graphics & text, Search and Exchange many types of information, including geospatial information. Interoperable Web-based Mapping.
Java XML Schema Server Pages XML Xlink

Imaging and Positioning Technologies


Data imaging
Information collection, analysis, and dissemination. Imagery used for disaster preparedness.
High-res image of Los Alamos, NM, USA shows damage to structures from wildfires (image courtesy Space Imaging)

SOAP XSLT

HTTP HTML

JavaScript
UDDI

Online databases. Integrates with GIS.


www.mapcentral.ph

Variety of platforms operating

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Technology Trends to use (ca. 2013)


Mapping Services Environmental sensors

Be properly informed
The threat of ignorance. o What threat? o Where? When? How strong?

Open GIS Consortium


Spatial connectivity
for a changing world.

Mobile Communications
Services Gateway Services Request Service Communities Device and Carrier Community Service Request Input Device

Java Xlink XML Schema Server HTTP PagesXML HTML

o How to act before, during and after? o How to collaboratively work towards reducing risks

Internet and SOAP Web JavaScript

Output Method
(content (content prepared prepared for for output to to Multiple Multiple Devices) Devices)

Service Response Output Device

Gateway Services

Response

2000, Open Open GIS GIS Consortium, Consortium , Inc. Inc. All All Rights Reserved Reserved

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Challenges to Philippine disaster risk reduction


Population pressure - A growing population being exposed to natural hazards
Manila Bays shores Pasig River banks Ormoc 1991 disaster

Challenges to Philippine disaster risk reduction


Professional pride - People of influence refusing to accept valid scientific evidence or other peoples work
The Nevado del Ruiz (1985) lahar disaster Muntinlupa events as fault movement Debris flow during Sendong caused by logging

Challenges to Philippine disaster risk reduction


Political Priorities Economic priorities may lead to high risk developments
A resort in the crater of Taal Lake An airport on a young pyroclastic flow Mining in unstable slopes Subdivisions in unstable grounds Buildings straddling active faults Development in flood-prone coastal areas

Challenges to Philippine disaster risk reduction


Exclusivity and territorial attitude of officials
Successful disaster risk reduction is a multidisciplinary, multi-agency, multi-level activity Successful disaster risk reduction is not a one-man affair Beware of being territorial bureaucrats Beware of being exclusive experts

The challenge to Philippine risk reduction professionals


Be properly informed
Science, problems, solutions Avoid information overload and misleads

Be cooperatively influential
Political, technical, publicly Avoid popularism

Be intelligently resolute
A social responsibility Avoid distractions

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