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FASTENERS -Manojkumar

Engg-Mechanical

Fasteners
Bolts Nuts Washers

Bolt
Bolts are typically used to fasten two or more objects together through pre-drilled holes

Types of fasteners
Hex bolts, or hex cap screws Used in machinery and construction. Can be used with a nut, or in a tapped hole. Fully threaded hex bolts are also known as tap bolts.

Wood screws Have large threads and a smooth shank for pulling two pieces of material together. They can be used in wood and other soft materials.

Sheet metal screws Have sharp points and threads, and are designed to be driven directly into sheet metal. They can also be used in softer materials like plastic, fiberglass, or wood

Machine screws These are fully treaded for use with a nut or in a tapped hole. Certain types are sometimes referred to as stove bolts

Socket screws Are machine screws with an internal hex socket (Allen) drive. Longer lengths may have a smooth shank.

Lag bolts, or lag screws Are large wood screws with hex heads. Typically used for wood construction and landscaping

Carriage bolts Have smooth, domed heads with a square section underneath that pulls into the material to prevent spinning during installation

Head marking of bolts


Mechanical Properties

Head Marking

Class and Material

Nominal Size Range (mm) Metric bolts

Proof Load (MPa)

Min. Yield Strength (MPa)

Min. Tensile Strength (MPa)

8.8

Class 8.8 Medium Carbon Steel, Quenched and Tempered Class 10.9 Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered Class 12.9 Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered

All Sizes below 16mm 16mm - 72mm

580 600

640 660

800 830

10.9

5mm - 100mm

830

940

1040

12.9

1.6mm - 100mm

970

1100

1220

Stainless markings vary. A-2 Stainless Most stainless is nonSteel alloy with 17magnetic. 19% Chromium and 8Usually stamped A-2 13% Nickel

All Sizes thru 20mm

210 Min. 450 Typical

500 Min. 700 Typical

Tensile Strength: The maximum load in tension (pulling apart) which a material can withstand before breaking or fracturing. Yield Strength: The maximum load at which a material exhibits a specific permanent deformation Proof Load: An axial tensile load which the product must withstand without evidence of any permanent set. 1MPa = 1N/mm2 = 145 pounds/inch2

Nut
A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used opposite a mating bolt to fasten a stack of parts together

The two partners are kept together by a combination of their threads' friction, a slight stretch of the bolt In applications where vibration or rotation may work a nut loose, various locking mechanisms may be employed: Adhesives, safety pins or lockwire nylon inserts, or slightly oval-shaped threads

Nut

Types of nut
Hex A six sided nut. Also referred to as a finished hex nut. Nylon Insert Lock A nut with a nylon insert to prevent backing off. Also referred to as a Nylock Jam A hex nut with a reduced height. Nylon Insert Jam Lock A Nylock nut with a reduced height.

Types of nut

Wing A nut with 'wings' for hand tightening.

Cap A nut with a domed top over the end of the fastener.

Acorn Acorn nuts are a high crown type of cap nut, used for appearance.

Flange A nut with a built in washer like flange.

Types of nut
Coupling Coupling nuts are long nuts used to connect pieces of threaded rod or other male threaded fasteners. Slotted Slotted nuts are used in conjunction with a cotter pin on drilled shank fasteners to prevent loosening. Castle Castle nuts are similar to slotted nuts but with the slots in a rounded section above the main nut.

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