∆p τ = r x F = r F sin θ

∆x x f − xi F=
Average velocity v = = ∆t
∆t t f − t i τ = Iα (Analogous to F = ma)
Average acceleration = I = F ∆t = ∆p
v f − vi I = ∑ mr 2
∆v
a = = Rotational KE = ½ I ω 2
∆t t f − ti
v = u + at (for constant acceleration, a)
L=Iω (Analogous to p = mv)
v2 = u2 + 2as (for constant acceleration,
I1 ω1 = I2 ω2 for τnet = 0
a)
a = acceleration [ms-2]
s = ut + ½ at2 (for constant
s=rθ a(c.p) = centripetal acceleration [ms-2]
acceleration, a)
a = Average acceleration [ms-2]
180 at = tangential acceleration [ms-2]
θ in deg. = (θ in rad) F = force [N]
π
F(c.p) = centripetal force [N]
vt = rω Fg = gravitational force [N]
Fk = kinetic friction [N]
dθ Fs = static friction [N]
ω= g = acceleration of gravity = 9.8 ms-2
dt G = gravitational constant = [Nm2kg--2]
h = height [m]
d 2θ I = impulse [kg ms-1]
α= k = spring constant [Nm-1]
dt 2 K = kinetic energy [J]
Fnet = ma L = angular momentum [m2kgs-1]
at = r α m = mass [kg]
Fk = μk R M = mass [kg]
ω = ωo + αt p = linear momentum [kgms-1]
Fs ≤ μs R P = Power
ω2 = ωo2 + 2αθ PE = potential energy = [J]
r = radius [m]
1 2 R = Normal force (or Reaction force)
θ = ω ot + αt [N]
2
s = distance or arc length [m]
t = time [s]
mvt 2 T = period [s]
F(c.p) =
u = initial velocity [ms-1]
W = F cos θ * s r
v = velocity [ms-1]
v 2 vt = tangential velocity [ms-1]
K = ½ m v2 a(c.p) = t
v = Average velocity [ms-1]
r
x = spring extension [m]
W = Kf - Ki
W = work [J]
M α = angular acceleration [s-2]
Gravitational Potential Energy = mgh g(r) = G
r2 μk = coefficient of kinetic friction
μs = coefficient of static friction
Potential energy stored in spring = ½
m1m2 ω = angular velocity [s-1]
kx2
Fg = G ωo = initial angular velocity [s-1]
W r2 ∆ = represents change
P= θ = angular displacement [rad]
t τ = torque [mN]
T2
= Constant
p=mv
r3