Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Abstract:
I I
NTRODUCTION
II E
XPERIMENT PROCEDURE
A) TEST DESCRIPTION
For this test we needed a Griffith test fixture, which consist of a
manual lever press pivoting on the edge of a table platform. In
the middle of this platform, there was the glass support, where
the wedge of the press provided the cutting contact force over
the slide. A back support in the opposite edge of the pivot was
there for constructive convenience, but it is required that the
lever do not support in this point when attempting to increase
the load to the glass slide, as accuracy in the measurement
would be lost.
In order to increase the load to the glass slide, incremental
amounts of weight was added to a bucket hanging on the far
extreme of the lever. The more weight we add to the bucket, the
higher the load applied to the glass slide is. The force equation
that relates Fl (bucket weight) and Sigma-fs (cutting load upon
glass slide) is given by the following relation based on the
geometry of the frame:
Sigma-fs = 3*Fg*L/2bd^2
Where L is the distance between support
b is the width of glass
d is thickness of glass
The distances and geometry is described by the drawing of the
Griffith test fixture below. A counterweight in the lever in the
opposite tip from where the handle is balances the lever from tilting
when the lever is unloaded. When Fl = 0, the weight of the lever
itself do not impose a load on the glass slide.
With this set up, the corresponding scratched glass slides are to be
tested against load in the fixture supporter. To determine
experimentally the critical strength with accuracy, the applied load
should be increased gradually until failure.
(1) There is a direct relationship between Sigma-fs and the inverse square
for the given x-value a^-.5; max allowable value for stress ever is Sigma-fs
(inf) = 129.83 MPa
(5) Use attached picture to reference the dimentions about the stress tester
(CAD drawing)
Given formulas:
F_G = F_L*b/a
Sigma-fs = 3*F_G*L/2bd^2
sqrt(a)
Sigma-fs
(MPa)
Constants
lengths:
x
y
a
0.23
88.73565094
47.59
b
0.69
112.2427067
69.52
L
0.915
125.491161
73.29
d
0.001
162.0083923
92.23
b/a
3
1.5*L/(b*d^2)
1.99E+06
F) YOUR PREDICTION OF THE FRACTURE STRENGTH FOR
CRACK LENGTHS OF 0.5E-03" AND 7.5E-03"
SI units
unless We first find out an average value for Gglass from the experimental
otherwise data. According to the Griffith formula,
specified
G = pi*Sigma^2*a/E (J/m^2) (1)
G1 = 11.3
G2 = 15.07
G3 = 13.4
G4 = 12.72
From where Gavg = 13.12 J/m^2
1.1875
11.649375G) A DISCUSSION OF THE TEST RESULTS AND TRENDS
34.94813 INCLUDING ANY OBSERVATIONS OF THE CONDUCTED
7.94E-05 TEST THAT WOULD LEAD TO DISCREPANCIES WITH THE
112.2427067 THEORETICAL RESULTS.
6.95E+07
As a is grater, 1/sqrt(a) is smaller, so we observe an effect of
linear proportionality between Sigma-fs and 1/sqrt(a). The
1.252 opposed we observed in the decreasing function of the graph
12.28212 Sigma-fs vs a. Besides experimental errors accumulated by an
36.84636 improperly settled balance, distortions of the fixture lever, poor
6.35E-05 precision when doing the measurements or incrementing the
125.491161 loads, we know that the experimental value of G given the
7.33E+07 Griffith formula will always be greater theoretically than in
experiments. This is because in reality there are internal cracks
1.5755
15.455655
46.36697
3.81E-05
162.0083923
2.22
21.7782
65.3346
0
inf in the bodies that are subject to induce localized stress not
1.30E+08 considered in the experimentation. The quality of the material
will determine how close the obtained experimental values are
from the Griffith equation.
4 CONCLUSION
5 REFERENCES