Liquid Retaining Reinforced Concrete Section To BS 8007& BS 8110

Company: Address: CANTILEVER Project: Client: Element:
2001 Techno Consultants
RC8007
Ver:010104
User Registration No: Unregistered Copy Made by Date Page No
Wall 1
Checked M.KH
Job No
Revision
Liquid Retaining Reinforced Concrete Section to BS 8007& BS 8110

User Ref: Description: Size & Material Properties: 2 Concrete strength, fcu 35 N/mm Crack width, W max Restraint factor, R Section Thickness, h Concrete cover, c Bar size, f Bar spacing, s gms for steel Type of reinforcement 0.2 mm 0.5 500 mm 50 mm 25 mm 200 mm 1.05
Deformed Type 2 1 Plain Round
Datastore No 1201
Steel strength, fy Steel modulus, Es
(Deformed Type 2)
2 395 N/mm 2 200000 N/mm 2 13284 N/mm
Concrete modulus, Ec = 5,500 sqrt (fcu / 1.5) / 2 Modular ratio, m = Es / Ec Average bond strength between concrete & steel, f b Direct tensile strength of immature concrete, f ct Effective depth, d = h - c - f / 2 Steel area provided in b=1000 mm wide zone, As Steel ratio provided over gross area, pg = As / (b h)
15.1
2 2.4 N/mm 2 1.6 N/mm
437.5 mm 2 2454 mm 0.004908 0.0013
Serviceability Limit State: Moment Capacity:
Steel ratio provided, p = As / (b d) Neutral axis depth, x = [ - m p + sqrt {(m p)2 + 2 m p} ] d Lever Arm, z = d - x / 3 Distance to nearest steel bar surface, acr =sqrt[(s/2)2+(c+f/2)2] - f/2
0.005609 146.6 mm 388.6 mm 105.4 mm
Strain due to the stiffening effect of concrete between cracks, as per Appendix B.4 of BS 8007: e2=kb(h-x)2/[3EsAs(d-x)] where k=1 when W max=0.2 & 1.5 when W max=0.1 0.000292 Average strain at the tension face, em=W max[1+2(acr-c)/(h-x)] / (3 acr) Stress in steel fs = Es (e2+em) (d-x) / (h-x) <= fy / gms Applied M s Ultimate Limit State: Moment Capacity: Service Moment Capacity, M s= fs As z 85 kNm/m < 176.2 kNm/m, Hence OK Neutral axis depth, x = fy As / (0.405 fcu b gms) <= 0.5 d Lever Arm z = (d - 0.45 x) <= 0.95 d Ultimate Moment Capacity, M u = 0.405 fcu b x z 135 kNm/m < 376.8 kNm/m, Hence OK Design concrete shear stress from Table 3.8 of BS 8110: Part 1, vc Ultimate Shear Capacity of concrete section alone, Vc = vc b d 250 kN/m < 255.1 kN/m, Hence OK
Concrete Surface Zone
0.000831
2 184.8 N/mm
176.2 kNm/m
65.1 mm 408.2 mm 376.8 kNm/m

2 0.583 N/mm 255.1 kN/m
Applied M u Shear Capacity: Applied V c
Minimum Reinforcement for the Control of Thermal & Shrinkage Cracking:

Wall / Suspended-slab / Top of ground slab Bottom of ground slab
Wall/Suspended-slab/Top of ground slab: Surface Zone Depth, hs Coefficient of Thermal Expansion for mature concrete, a T1, fall in temperature between the hydration peak and ambient T2, fall in temperature because of seasonal variations Effective Strain, e = R a (T1+T2) Likely maximum spacing of cracks, Smax = W max / e Steel requirements in surface zone, as per Appendix A of BS 8007: 1- Steel ratio to control crack widths, pcrw = fct f / (2 fb Smax) 2- Critical Steel ratio to distribute cracking, pcrit = fct / fy 3- Minimum Steel ratio as per Table A.1 BS 8007, pmin Hence, Steel ratio required, preq Required Steel Area in 1000mm x hs deep surface zone = 1000 preq hs
1.0 250 mm 8.00E-06 35 Co 20 Co 0.000220 909.1 mm 0.009167 0.004051 0.003500 0.009167

2 2292 mm
< 2454 provided, Hence OK

2001 Dr Shaiq Khan, Techno Consultants Ltd
File: 171394531.xls.ms_office Tab: RC8007
Date Printed: 9/11/2013
Company: Address: City, Country + Post Code Tel Client: Element: WALL1 Fax: Email: Project: IRAQ WTP - MESHKHAB - FLASH MIXER Made by
2001 Techno Consultants
RC8007 Ver:010104
User Registration No: Unregistered Copy Date
Page No Revision
Checked
Job No
Estimation of Temperature T1 for UK concreting using OPC

Using Table A.2 of BS 8007 and assuming that: Formwork is left in position until the peak temperature has passed. The mean daily temperature is 15 deg C. An allowance has not been made for solar heat gain in slabs. The concrete placing temperature is 20 deg C. Values of T1 from Table A.2 of BS 8007
RC Element Type Wall: Steel formwork Wall: Plywood formwork Ground slab Suspended slab: Flat steel formwork Suspended slab: Plywood formwork
Suspended slab: Flat steel formwork OPC Contents in kg/m3 Section Thickness 300 mm 500 mm 700 mm 1000 mm 325 11 deg C 20 deg C 28 deg C 38 deg C 350 13 deg C 22 deg C 32 deg C 42 deg C 400 15 deg C 27 deg C 39 deg C 49 deg C
User Design Value of T1 OPC Content Section Thickness T1 from Table A.2
Concrete Placing Temperature Normal UK, 20 deg C High UK, 25 deg C
350 500 22 deg C
kg/m3 mm >=15 for slabs as per Appendix A.3
Allowing no increase for concreting at Normal 20 deg C Estimated T1 22.0 deg C
(see Appendix A.3)
Note: The scope of above estimation is limited to the information given in BS 8007 for OPC concete. As suggested in BS 8007, for guidance on appropriate values of T1, when using other types of concrete, see publication HARRISON, T.A. "Early-age thermal crack control in concrete", Report no. 91, CIRIA, London 1981.
File: 171394531.xls.ms_office Tab: T1 for UK
Beam No 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085
User Reference Description fcu CrackWidth Rest.fac R Depth h Wall 300 ThickWall fcu=35, W=0.2mm, h=300, c=64, 35 dia=16, 0.2 s=200, hs=150 0.5 300 Slab 400 Thickfcu=35, W=0.2mm, h=400, c=56,35 dia=16, s=100, 0.2 hs=200 0.5 400 Wall 800 ThickIan Batty's Example for the design 35 of water-retaining 0.2 structures 0.5 800
RC Element Data Cover c Bar size Bar spacing Steel gms ReinfType ZoneType Coef of Ex 64 16 200 1.15 1 1 0.00001 56 16 100 1.15 1 2 0.00001 56 25 125 1.15 1 1 0.00001
T1 Co 24 24 24
Applied Loads Calculated Strengths 2 T2 Co Msa kNm Mua kNm Vca kN fs N/mm Ms kNm Mu kNm 20 26.4 36.96 61.6 191.445 39.423 86.526 20 26.4 36.96 61.6 205.386 122.813 249.623 20 500 700 120 205.934 526.508 1070.457
Thermal Zone mm & Steel mm2 S.Zone hs As req As prov Vc kN 141.190 150 880 1005 209.081 100 587 2010 420.294 250 2292 3926
Auto Analysis
Analyse Y? Print ?
y y y
Wall 200 ThickWall fcu=35, W=0.2mm, h=200, c=64, 35 dia=16, 0.2 s=200, hs=150 0.5 Wall 300 ThickWall fcu=35, W=0.2mm, h=300, c=64, 35 dia=16, 0.2 s=200, hs=150 0.5 Wall 150 ThickWall fcu=35, W=0.2mm, h=1500,35 c=64, dia=16, 0.2s=200, hs=150 0.5 Wall 450 ThickWall fcu=35, W=0.2mm, h=4500,35 c=64, dia=16, 0.2s=200, hs=150 0.5
200 300 150 450
64 64 64 64
16 16 16 16
200 200 200 200
1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001
24 24 24 24
20 20 20 20
26.4 26.4 26.4 26.4
36.96 36.96 36.96 36.96
61.6 61.6 61.6 61.6
151.736 191.445 119.040 237.299
17.033 39.423 7.906 82.763
46.326 86.526 26.226 144.358
111.003 141.190 90.303 174.295
100 150 75 225
587 880 440 1320
1005 1005 1005 1005
y y y y
slab300
Wall fcu=35, W=0.2mm, h=200, c=64, 40 dia=16, 0.2 s=200, hs=150 0.5
300
40
12
150
1.15
0.00001
22.5
20
40
60
61.6
282.045
49.445
72.680
140.244
150
697
753
Wall 300 ThickExample 1 Wall 400 ThickExample 1 Wall 500 ThickExample 1 Wall 600 ThickExample 1 Wall 700 ThickExample 1
35 35 35 35 35
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
300 400 500 600 700
56 56 56 56 56
25 25 25 25 25
125 125 125 125 125
1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15
1 1 2 2 1
1 1 1 1 1
0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001
24 24 24 24 24
20 20 20 20 20
26.4 26.4 26.4 26.4 26.4
36.96 36.96 36.96 36.96 36.96
61.6 61.6 61.6 61.6 61.6
147.209 165.783 178.403 188.563 197.554
111.338 183.762 261.521 344.502 432.798
285.257 442.297 345.151 430.499 913.417
223.780 259.892 295.618 339.687 381.059
150 200 250 250 250
1375 1833 3438 3438 2292
3926 3926 3926 3926 3926
y y y y y
File: 171394531.xls.ms_office Tab: Store
Page 3/15
Beam No 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170
User Reference
Description
fcu
CrackWidth Rest.fac R
Depth h
RC Element Data Cover c Bar size Bar spacing
Steel gms ReinfType ZoneType Coef of Ex
T1 Co
T2 Co
Applied Loads Msa kNm Mua kNm Vca kN
fs N/mm2
Calculated Strengths Ms kNm Mu kNm
Vc kN
Thermal Zone mm & Steel mm2 S.Zone hs As req As prov
Auto Analysis
Analyse Y? Print ?
Page 4/15
Beam No
User Reference
Description
fcu
Depth h
T1 Co
T2 Co
fs N/mm2
Vc kN
Auto Analysis
Analyse Y? Print ?
1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 GSlabTop 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255
Ground floor slab 300 Top
35 35
0.2 0.2
0.5 0.5
250 400
40 40
12 25
150 125
1.15 1.05
1 1
2 1
0.000012 0.000012
24 31.6
20 40
132
184.8
212.8
262.812 208.818
36.571 243.345
58.373 443.983
122.429 265.047
0 200
0 3580
753 3926
y y
Page 5/15
Beam No
User Reference
Description
fcu
Depth h
T1 Co
T2 Co
fs N/mm2
Vc kN
Auto Analysis
Analyse Y? Print ?
1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 Wall 300 ThickWall fcu=35, W=0.2mm, h=300, c=64, 35 dia=16, 0.2 s=200, hs=150 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340
300
64
16
200
1.15
0.00001
24
20
26.4
36.96
61.6
191.445
39.423
86.526
141.190
150
880
1005
Page 6/15
Beam No 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425
User Reference
Description
fcu
Depth h
T1 Co
T2 Co
fs N/mm2
Vc kN
Auto Analysis
Analyse Y? Print ?
Page 7/15
Beam No 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500
User Reference
Description
fcu
Depth h
T1 Co
T2 Co
fs N/mm2
Vc kN
Auto Analysis
Analyse Y? Print ?
Page 8/15
Features of RC8007 for the Design of Concrete Sections for Retaining Aqueous Liquids
by Dr Shaiq U.R. Khan
BEng (Civil), MEng, PhD, PE, CEng, FIStructE
8 January 2001 Techno Consultants Ltd , 117 Portland Street, Manchester M1 6ED, England.
RC8007 is an Excel 97/2000 Template for the design of concrete sections retaining aqueous liquids using BS 8007 and, where necessary, BS 8110. It has 3 parts for design on an A4 size page layout. The 1st part helps check serviceability limit state. The 2nd part assesses ultimate moment and shear capacity to BS 8110. The 3rd part deals with the reinforcement requirements to control the spacing and width of surface cracks. Features The file size is under 300 KB. At 3 KB/second, the download time would be about 2 minutes. Comprehensive documentation and sketches to explain the method of design are included within the template for ready reference and use. The design formulae used in the calculations are shown on the screen and in the printed output. The user and the checker can therefore verify template output by hand calculations.

On the spot display of background design information on the screen by moving the mouse pointer over cells. Instant data validation and help-information display to avoid and reduce input errors. Reinforcement Type: Grade 460 Deformed Type 1 or Grade 250 Plain Round bars Partial safety factor for steel strength gm: 1.05 or 1.15. Concrete grade: C30, C35 or C40 Section overall depth: 150 mm to 1000 mm. Design crack width: 0.1 mm or 0.2 mm Restraint factor for thermal & shrinkage movement: 0 to 0.5 Concrete Cover: 40 mm or more. Bar size: 8 mm to 40 mm Bar spacing: Bar-size + 20 mm to the lesser of 300 mm or Section Depth Formwork for walls and suspended slabs: Steel or Plywood Temperature Falls: T1 (Range 5 to 70 oC) between the hydration peak and ambient plus T2 (Range 0 to 80 oC) due to seasonal variations. Interactive Estimation of Temperature T1 for concreting in the UK. Based on the information in Appendix A.3 of BS 8007, this feature allows change of OPC Contents, Section Thickness, Type of Section and Formwork for this estimation. Surface zones for concrete cracking control: Walls, Suspended slabs, Top of ground slabs or Bottom of ground slabs Database facility within the RC8007 file to keep information for up to 500 sections via worksheet STORE. Using a reference number in the range 1001 to 1500, each section can be retrieved, changed and re-designed with ease at a later time. Auto Analysis facility via two columns in the Worksheet STORE. One column allows selection for analysis and the other selection for printing. All SELECTED sections can therefore be analysed and or their results printed by a mouse click. After Auto Analysis, the database in worksheet STORE also keeps design information on Applied Loading, Calculated Strengths and Thermal Steel Requirements for each section. The worksheet cells showing inadequate strength or reinforcement becomes red in colour. The adequacy of each section therefore becomes obvious at a glance. The worksheet STORE is a visible Database of up to 500 sections. New data can be generated and existing one examined and or modified using usual spreadsheet features. The template has virtually no user interface. The A4 size Printed Output matches the Screen Display. Knowing the use of Excel 97 and the ability to verify the output as a designer is sufficient for using RC8007. Shaded cells in the spreadsheet mean "User Input" and un-shaded cells "Spreadsheet Results". This permits easy checking at a glance both by the user and the checker of RC8007 output.
###
File: 171394531.xls.ms_office Tab: Features
Page 9/16
User Notes for
Design of Concrete Sections for Retaining Aqueous Liquids RC8007

by Dr Shaiq U.R. Khan
BEng (Civil), MEng, PhD, PE, CEng, FIStructE
8 January 2001
Techno Consultants Ltd, 117 Portland Street, Manchester M1 6ED, England
Introduction RC8007 is an Excel Template to help design reinforced concrete sections for retaining aqueous liquids. The following notes provide information for designing such sections to BS 8007 and, where necessary, BS 8110. Loading the Template on to your Computer RC8007 is supplied as an Excel 97 Template, having .XLT as its filename extension. To load RC8007 on to your computer, copy this file into Microsoft Office folder for its Templates. Generally the path to this folder in Excel 97 is: C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates If you are using Excel 2000, the path to this folder is: C:\Windows\Application Data\Microsoft\Templates To load and use the Template in Excel 97 or Excel 2000, choose: File, New and the select the file RC8007010108-.xlt If you receive an Excel Warning about running Macros and are prompted for whether to load them, answer YES to Load and Enable Macros. RC8007 incorporates VB Macros and to allow your computer to use them is vital for its operation. Using RC8007 In addition to Job Information in the heading part, describe data in 4 parts. Shaded cells in each part indicate locations for the user input. Describe size & material properties in part 1, applied loads in parts 2 and 3 for Serviceability and Ultimate limit states and thermal data in part 4 for the control of cracking. Information for up to 500 sections is kept in the worksheet STORE. Clicking the "Store Existing Data" command button in the top row, saves the current Section data. Clicking the "Get Stored Data" button retrieves the previously saved information. In order to save or retrieve a section information, the Template uses a Datastore Number. This number for 500 Sections (in the range from 1001 to 1500) must be specified to store or retrieve Section data. PLEASE NOTE that storing Section data does not save the Excel File. To ensure saving data to your hard disk, you must use Excel File, Save Pull Down Menu Option in the usual Windows procedure. Database of Section Details and Applied Loading: Worksheet STORE In each RC8007 file Section Details and Loads can be stored for 500 sections. Each sections is referenced by a number in the range 1001 to 1500. All information is kept in worksheet STORE and is available to the user for use in the design processes.
File: 171394531.xls.ms_office Tab: Notes
Page 10/16
A casual Excel user generally does not need to tweak or amend the STORE worksheet. At the risk of upsetting this information, however, one can benefit by generating and using this information by Copy, Paste-Special-Values and Fill-Down commands of Excel. It is strongly recommended that Cut Command of Excel is not used on this worksheet; use of this command affects the worksheet layout and can disrupt the working of RC8007. Similarly the use of Paste command (as opposed to Paste-Special-Values command) can override the helpful cell formats. An experienced Excel User can employ various Excel features to tweak or manage this information. For example, fcu, fy, gms, c, W max, R values can be generated via Copy, PasteSpecial-Values and Fill Down features of the spreadsheet. Auto Analysis of Sections Use this facility to analyse and or print all Sections by a single click of Auto Analyse/Print Button in the top row. To use this facility, two columns coloured in yellow to the right of the Store worksheet are provided. One column is headed Analyse Y? and the other as Print ?. The Auto Analyse/Print Button is located at the top of these two columns in the Store Worksheet. Entering Y in these two columns, signifies that the respective Section in a given row need to be analysed and or printed. Leaving the cells blank signifies that respective Sections are not be analysed or printed. This facility is useful when all or a selected few sections are to be analysed and or printed after updating the section details and loading in the STORE worksheet. Reinforcement (Clause 2.6.2.3 of BS 8007) Within each concrete surface zone, the amount of reinforcement in each of two directions at right angles should be not less than: 0.35% of its cross section for deformed grade 460 reinforcement, and 0.64% of its cross section for plain grade 250 reinforcement. The surface zone cross sections are as defined in Fig A.1 and A.2 of Appendix A BS 8007. In wall slabs less than 200 mm in thickness, the calculated amount of reinforcement may be placed in one face. For ground labs less than 300 mm thick, the calculated reinforcement should be placed as near to the upper surface as possible consistent with the cover. Bar spacing should generally not exceed 300 mm or the thickness of the section, whichever is the lesser. Where welded fabric only is used, bar spacing should not exceed 1.5 times the thickness of the section (NB calculations for welded fabric are not dealt by this Template) Concrete Cover, c (Clause 2.7.6) The nominal cover of concrete for all steel should be not less than 40 mm. Design Crack Width for Direct Tension and Flexure (Clause 2.2.3.3) Sever or very severe exposure: 0.2 mm Critical Aesthetic Appearance: 0.1 mm
Page 11/16
Restraint Factor, R (Appendix A.3 and A.5) This factor represents restrained proportion of the theoretical linear thermal or shrinkage movement. It is normally taken as 0.5 for immature concrete with rigid end restraints, after allowing for the internal creep of the concrete (see Appendix A.3 of the code). As described in Appendix A.5 of the code, movement joints greatly reduce the rigid external restraints assumed for continuous walls. Hence restraint factor can be less than 0.5. Appendix A.5 and Figure A.3 illustrates some typical situations and gives values of R for various wall and floor slab placing sequences. Mix Proportions (Clause 6.3) Minimum cement content 325 kg/m3 Maximum water cement ratio 0.55 ( or 0.5 when using Portland pulverized-fuel ash cement or a combination of ordinary Portland cement and p.f.a. is used). The 28-day characteristic cube strength should not be less than 35 N/mm 2, and the concrete should be classed as grade C35A. Blinding Layer (Clause 6.6) It should be not less than 75 mm thick and not weaker than grade C20 concrete. Direct Tensile Strength of Immature Concrete This strength has been estimated using the expression given in the Draft Unified Code [2] for flexural strength at 28 days from a specified crushing strength i.e. fct28 = 0.5 + fcu/10 - fcu2/2000 However to comply with BS 8007 and to estimate the tensile strength of immature concrete at the age of 3 days from that at 28 days, the values calculated by the above expression have been divided by a factor of 2.12 so that the tensile strength for C35A concrete is 1.6 N/mm2, as specified in the code. The expression used for the direct tensile strength of immature concrete at the age of 3 days is therefore: fct = [0.5 + fcu/10 - fcu2/2000]/2.12 Using this equation, the calculated values of strength for concrete grades C30, C35 and C40 are respectively 1.44, 1.6 and 1.75 N/mm2. These values match closely to the values of 1.45, 1.6 and 1.75 N/mm2 used by Cheng[3] in his publication. Coefficient of Expansion of Concrete (a) Input range: 3 to 15 x 10E-6. BS 8110 recommends the following values Aggregate: Gravel, Flint, quartzite a = 12 x 10-6 Aggregate: Granite, basalt Aggregate: Limestone Aggregate: Sintered p.f.a. a = 10 x 10-6 a = 8 x 10-6 a = 7 x 10-6
Page 12/16
Flexure at Serviceability Limit State - Appendix B of BS 8007 The equations shown and used in the template are based on the following diagram.
b=1000
x
ec 0.5fcbx
fc
Neutral axis s acr c
es e1
fsAs
fs
Point of crack width assessment acr = Sqrt[(s/2)2+(c+f/2)2] - f/2
z = d-x/3
Section
Strains
Stresses/forces
As per Appendix B.3 of BS 8007, the concrete surface strain e1 in the above sketch is given by: e1 = em + e2 Where em is given by using Eq (1) of Appendix B.2 as: em = W max [ 1 + 2 ( acr - c) / (h-x) ] / ( 3 acr) and e2 is given by using Eq (2) and Eq (3) of Appendix B.4 as follows: e2 = b (h - x)2 / [ 3 Es As (d - x)] when design crack width W max = 0.2 mm, and e2 = 1.5 b (h - x)2 / [ 3 Es As (d - x)] when design crack width W max = 0.1 mm Flexure at Ultimate Limit State - BS 8110 Clause 3.4.4.4 The equations shown and used in the template are based on the following diagram.
b=1000
0.0035 Neutral axis s es

c
0.45fcu 0.9x 0.405fcubx z fyAs/gms z = (d-0.45x) <=0.95d
x = fy As/(0.405fcu b gms) <=0.5d
Section
Strains
Stresses/forces
Shear at Ultimate Limit State - BS 8110 Clause 3.5.5 The design concrete shear stress vc is calculated by using the expression given in Table 3.8 of BS 8110: Part 1. It is given by: vc = 0.79 (100 As/bd)1/3 (400/d)1/4 (fcu/25)1/3 / 1.25 where 100 As/bd is limited to 3 and the effective depth d is limited to 400 mm. As per Table 3.16 of BS 8110: Part 1, the ultimate shear capacity on the concrete section alone is calculated as: Vc = vc b d
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Estimation of Temperature T1 for UK Concreting The worksheet T1 for UK allows this estimation for OPC concreting using information given in Appendix A of BS 8007. The input required is: Type of RC member plus its formwork, OPC contents in kg/m 3, Section Thickness and whether or not concreting is to be in Normal or High UK temperatures. Based on information in Appendix A.3, this estimation is limited to: OPC contents: 325 to 400 kg/m3 Section thickness: 300 to 1000 mm, Formwork being left in position until the peak temperature has passed. Concrete placing temperature is 15 deg C Normal or 25 deg C High. Mean daily temperature is 15 deg C An allowance not being made for solar heat gain in slabs. Appendix A.3 states that for design purposes, T1 should be assumed to be not less than 20 deg C for walls and not less than 15 deg C for slabs. Values of T1 below these values from Table A.2 of the code are therefore increased to these limits by the template. References In addition to the used BS Codes of Practice, the following publications have been consulted while developing this template: 1 BATTY, Ian and WESTBROOK, Roger, The design of water retaining structures , Longman Scientific & Technical, 1991 2 British Standard Institution, Draft Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Concrete , 1969
3 CHENG, Richard, Design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids - Design tables to BS 8007, Thomas Telford, 1996
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Notations Coefficient of thermal expansion of mature concrete a Section width, b = 1000 mm b acr Distance from the tension face in the middle of two longitudinal reinforcing bars to their surface As Area of tension steel provided in 1 m width of the section c d e1 e2 Ec es em Es f fb fct fct28 fcu fs fy h hs m Ms Mu p pcrit pcrw pg pmin preq R s Smax T1 T2 vc Vc Concrete cover Effective depth of section Strain at the tension face, ignoring the stiffening effect of concrete between cracks Strain at the tension face, due to the stiffening effect of concrete between cracks Concrete modulus Strain in tension steel, es = e1(d-x) / (h-x) Average strain at the tension face, em = e1 - e2 Steel Modulus Size of reinforcing bar Average bond strength between concrete and steel, 1.6 N/mm 2 for plain round bars and 2.4 N/mm2 for deformed type 2 bars, as given in Table A.1 of BS 8007 Direct tensile strength of immature concrete, usually taken at the age of 3 days. Flexural strength of concrete at 28 days Strength of concrete Stress in tension steel, fs = Es es = Es e1(d-x) / (h-x) Characteristic strength of the reinforcement as given in Table 3.1 of BS 8110 Overall depth of section Depth of concrete surface zone (based on figure A.1 or A.2 of BS 8007) Modular Ratio Es / Ec Service moment capacity Ultimate moment capacity Steel ratio based on the effective depth of a concrete section i.e. As/bd Steel ratio based on the depth of a concrete surface zone As/bhs, required to distribute cracking in a surface zone of the member. Steel ratio based on the depth of a concrete surface zone As/bhs, required to control crack width in a surface zone of the member. Steel ratio based on the overall depth of the concrete section i.e. As/bh Minimum steel ratio based on the depth of a concrete surface zone As/bhs, specified in Table A.1 of BS 8007 to distribute cracking in a surface zone of the member. Steel ratio based on the depth of a concrete surface zone As/bhs, required to control Thermal & Shrinkage cracking (it is maximum of pmin, pcrw & pcrit) Restraint factor (representing restrained proportion of the theoretical linear thermal or shrinkage movement due to end restraints, normally taken a 0.5) Spacing of bars Estimated likely maximum crack spacing Fall in temperature between the hydration peak and ambient Fall in temperature because of seasonal variations. Design concrete shear stress Ultimate shear capacity of concrete section alone
W max Estimated maximum crack width Neutral axis depth x Lever arm for Service or Ultimate moment capacity z
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Liquid Retaining Reinforced Concrete Section To BS 8007& BS 8110

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Company: Address: CANTILEVER Project: Client: Element:

2001 Techno Consultants

User Registration No: Unregistered Copy Made by Date Page No

Liquid Retaining Reinforced Concrete Section to BS 8007& BS 8110

Steel strength, fy Steel modulus, Es

2 395 N/mm 2 200000 N/mm 2 13284 N/mm

437.5 mm 2 2454 mm 0.004908 0.0013

Serviceability Limit State: Moment Capacity:

0.005609 146.6 mm 388.6 mm 105.4 mm

65.1 mm 408.2 mm 376.8 kNm/m

Applied M u Shear Capacity: Applied V c

Minimum Reinforcement for the Control of Thermal & Shrinkage Cracking:

1.0 250 mm 8.00E-06 35 Co 20 Co 0.000220 909.1 mm 0.009167 0.004051 0.003500 0.009167

< 2454 provided, Hence OK

File: 171394531.xls.ms_office Tab: RC8007

Date Printed: 9/11/2013

2001 Techno Consultants

Estimation of Temperature T1 for UK concreting using OPC

350 500 22 deg C

kg/m3 mm >=15 for slabs as per Appendix A.3

Allowing no increase for concreting at Normal 20 deg C Estimated T1 22.0 deg C

(see Appendix A.3)

File: 171394531.xls.ms_office Tab: T1 for UK

Date Printed: 9/11/2013

200 300 150 450

200 200 200 200

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15

0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001

26.4 26.4 26.4 26.4

36.96 36.96 36.96 36.96

61.6 61.6 61.6 61.6

151.736 191.445 119.040 237.299

17.033 39.423 7.906 82.763

46.326 86.526 26.226 144.358

111.003 141.190 90.303 174.295

100 150 75 225

587 880 440 1320

1005 1005 1005 1005

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

300 400 500 600 700

125 125 125 125 125

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15

0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001

26.4 26.4 26.4 26.4 26.4

36.96 36.96 36.96 36.96 36.96

61.6 61.6 61.6 61.6 61.6

147.209 165.783 178.403 188.563 197.554

111.338 183.762 261.521 344.502 432.798

285.257 442.297 345.151 430.499 913.417

223.780 259.892 295.618 339.687 381.059

150 200 250 250 250

1375 1833 3438 3438 2292

3926 3926 3926 3926 3926

File: 171394531.xls.ms_office Tab: Store

Date Printed: 9/11/2013

RC Element Data Cover c Bar size Bar spacing

Steel gms ReinfType ZoneType Coef of Ex

Applied Loads Msa kNm Mua kNm Vca kN

Calculated Strengths Ms kNm Mu kNm

Thermal Zone mm & Steel mm2 S.Zone hs As req As prov

File: 171394531.xls.ms_office Tab: Store

Date Printed: 9/11/2013