Offshore Substation

Materials and Fabrication of Steel for Topside and Sub-Structure

ETS-21 Rev. 2

Document no. 44974-09, case 10/4054 - ETS-21 v. 2

technical standards

Revision survey

Document title Document no. Target group Revision 1 2 Document status Approved Approved

Materials and Fabrication of Steel for Topside and Sub-Structures. 44974-09 Fabrications Contractors and Designer for Offshore substations. Writer Init N/A xomo Date 12.10.09 22.11.2012 Reviewer Init N/A GKY, SVR Date Init 12.10.09 AGS 10.10.2012 POD Approver Date 12.10.09 03.12.2012

Minor alterations, type errors, rephrases' etc. where the meaning of the text is left unchanged are not shown.

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Table of contents
1. 2. 2.1 2.2 3. 3.1 3.2 4. 4.1 4.2 5. Scope ............................................................................................... 1 References ....................................................................................... 1 Codes and Standards ............................................................................1 Energinet.dk Technical Standards...........................................................3 Definitions and abbreviations .......................................................... 3 Definitions...........................................................................................3 Abbreviations ......................................................................................4 General ............................................................................................ 5 Quality and HSE - Project Plans .............................................................5 Structural categories ............................................................................5

Structural Materials ......................................................................... 5 5.1 General...............................................................................................5 5.2 Steel Material ......................................................................................5 5.2.1 Chemical Properties ......................................................................6 5.2.2 Bolting Material ............................................................................6 5.2.3 Internal Soundness .......................................................................7 5.3 Structural Categories ............................................................................7 5.3.1 Material Certificates and Markings ...................................................8 5.4 Fabrication of Welded Structural Members...............................................8 5.5 Standard Tubulars and Sections .............................................................8 5.6 Stairs/Handrails for Topside ..................................................................8 5.7 Stairs and grating materials for Sub-structure .........................................8 5.8 Platform Doors. ...................................................................................9 Structural steel dimensions ............................................................. 9 Tubular dimensions and tolerances .........................................................9 Sections - dimensions and tolerances .....................................................9 Steel plates ....................................................................................... 10 Rectangular/square hollow sections ...................................................... 10

6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 7.

Structural fabrication ..................................................................... 10 7.1 Storage and handling of steel materials ................................................ 10 7.1.1 Identification system ................................................................... 10 7.1.2 Alignment .................................................................................. 11 7.2 Structural sections and plates .............................................................. 11 7.3 Scaffolding hooks ............................................................................... 11 7.4 Bolted connections ............................................................................. 11 7.4.1 Bolts in shear and tension connections .......................................... 12 7.4.2 Friction grip connections .............................................................. 12 7.5 Helidecks .......................................................................................... 12 7.6 Lifting fittings .................................................................................... 12 7.6.1 Definition ................................................................................... 12 7.6.2 Materials and Fabrication ............................................................. 13 7.6.3 Additional Requirements .............................................................. 13 7.7 Finishing of structural steel ................................................................. 14 7.8 Fabrication of non-structural steel and temporary attachments ................ 14

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7.8.1 Temporary cut-outs .................................................................... 14 7.8.2 Rat holes (Weld access hole) ........................................................ 14 7.9 Fabrication dimension tolerances ......................................................... 14 7.9.1 Tolerances for linear dimensions ................................................... 15 7.9.2 Tolerances for angular dimensions ................................................ 15 7.9.3 Tolerances for straightness, flatness and parallelism ....................... 15 7.9.4 Section ends .............................................................................. 16 7.9.5 Location of seams ....................................................................... 16 7.9.6 High-low .................................................................................... 17 7.9.7 Plates and grating ....................................................................... 17 7.9.8 Landings and stairways ............................................................... 17 7.9.9 Interface tolerance ...................................................................... 17 7.9.10 Markings Sub-structure. .............................................................. 17 8. Welding .......................................................................................... 17 8.1 Welding processes.............................................................................. 17 8.2 Qualifications of welders and welding operators ..................................... 18 8.2.1 Welding coordinator .................................................................... 18 8.2.2 Welders and operators................................................................. 18 8.2.3 Identification of welder or welding operator.................................... 18 8.2.4 Welder's or operator's record ....................................................... 18 8.2.5 Test for branch connections ......................................................... 19 8.3 Welding procedures ............................................................................ 19 8.3.1 General ..................................................................................... 19 8.3.2 Specific requirements .................................................................. 20 8.3.3 Test of the procedure welds ......................................................... 20 8.4 Production welding ............................................................................. 21 8.4.1 Welding sequences ..................................................................... 21 8.4.2 Weld preparation ........................................................................ 21 8.4.3 Weld execution ........................................................................... 21 8.4.4 Pre-heating ................................................................................ 22 8.4.5 Inter-pass temperature ............................................................... 23 8.4.6 Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) ................................................. 23 8.4.7 Weld repairs ............................................................................... 23 8.4.8 Production testing ....................................................................... 24 Non-destructive examination ......................................................... 24 9.1 Extent of examinations ....................................................................... 24 9.2 NDE Qualifications .............................................................................. 25 9.2.1 Examination organisation ............................................................. 25 9.2.2 Examination personnel ................................................................ 25 9.2.3 Procedures ................................................................................. 25 9.3 Execution of NDE ............................................................................... 25 9.4 NDE procedure and acceptance criteria. ................................................ 25 9.4.1 Visual (VT) procedure and acceptance criteria ................................ 25 9.4.2 Magnetic particle (MT) procedure and acceptance criteria ................ 26 9.4.3 Radiographic testing (RT) procedure and acceptance criteria ............ 26 9.4.4 Ultrasonic testing (UT) acceptance criteria ..................................... 26 9.4.5 Liquid Penetrant testing (LP) acceptance criteria ............................. 26 9.5 Execution of NDE, structural fabrication ................................................ 26 9.5.1 General ..................................................................................... 26 9.5.2 Sequence of examination ............................................................. 27 9.5.3 Surface conditions ...................................................................... 27 9.5.4 Random examination................................................................... 27

9.

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9.5.5 10. 11. 11.1 12.

Extent of examination in case of unacceptable welds ....................... 27

Coating .......................................................................................... 28 As-built documentation .................................................................. 28 Deliverables .................................................................................. 29 Appendix ........................................................................................ 30

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1.

Scope
This technical standard specifies the minimum requirements for the materials, fabrication, testing and inspection of offshore steel structures for topsides and substructures (Jackets) intended for high voltage offshore transformer platforms (Substations). This technical standard covers also the main supporting steel structure for helideck on topside. However, the lattice structure typically integrated under the helidecks may be preferred by Energinet.dk to be made of aluminium. For aluminium structures this standard refers to the DNV standard DNV-OS-E401. This standard may only be departed from if the deviations are approved by Energinet.dk and certifying agency or if specified on Energinet.dk approved design drawings.

2.

References
The following codes, standards and statutory regulations shall be considered as part of this technical standard.

2.1

Codes and Standards

All regulations, codes and standards referred to in the present standard shall apply in the latest revision applicable at the beginning of the project unless noted otherwise. API 2B API 5L ASME, Section V ASME, Section V ASME, Section IX Specification for fabricated structural steel pipe Specification for line pipe Article 7, Magnetic Particle Examination Article 9, Visual Examination Qualification standard for welding and brazing procedures, welders, brazes and welding and brazing operators Structural welding code - steel Part 1, Specification for fracture mechanics toughness test Design of offshore steel structures (LRFD method) Fabrication and testing of offshore structures Offshore standard, Helicopter Decks

AWS D1.1 BS 7448 DNV-OS-C101 DNV-OS-C401 DNV-OS-E401

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DNV-OS-J201 EN 287-1 EN 473 EN 970 EN 1011 EN 1418 EN 10002-1 EN 10025 EN 10225+AC EN 10045 EN 10163-1 to 3 EN 10164 EN 10204 EN 10210 EN 45004 EN ISO 5817 EN ISO 13920 EN ISO 17025 ISO 898 ISO 1459 ISO 1461

Offshore Substations for Wind Farms Approval Testing of Welders for Fusion Welding. Qualification and certification of NDT personnel. General principles. Welding Visual Examination of Fusion Welded Joints. Recommendations for Arc Welding of Ferritic steels. Welding personnel Approval testing of welding personnel for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials Metallic Materials - Tensile Testing - Part 1. Method of Test. Hot Rolled Products of Non-Alloy Structural Steels. Technical Delivery Conditions. Weld able structural steels for fixed offshore structures Technical delivery conditions Metallic Materials - Charpy Impact Test. Delivery Requirements for Surface Conditions of Hot Rolled Steel Plates, Wide Flats and Section. Steel Flat Products with Specified Through Thickness Properties. Technical Conditions for Delivery. Metallic Products - Types of Inspection Documents. Hot Finished Structural Hollow Sections of Non-Alloy and Fine Grain Structural Steels. General Criteria for the Operation of Various Types of Bodies Performing Inspection. Welding-Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys Welding General tolerances for welded constructions dimensions for lengths and angles Shape and position General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories Part 1-6, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel Protection against corrosion by hot dip galvanizing Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles Specifications and test methods

ISO 3690

Welding and allied processes. Determination of hydrogen

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content in ferritic arc weld metal ISO 7090 ISO 8501 Plain washers, chamfered. Normal series. Project grade A Part 1-2, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products. Visual assessment of surface cleanliness. Recommended practice for radiographic Examination of Fusion Welded Joints. Welds - Symbolic Representation on Drawings. NDT - penetrant inspection - general principles. Qualification test of welders Fusion welding of aluminium and its alloys Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials Statens Luftfartsvsen, Bestemmelser om helikopterdk p havanlg

ISO 1106 ISO 2553 ISO 3452 ISO 9606-2 ISO 15614 BL 3-5

2.2

Energinet.dk Technical Standards

ETS-00 ETS-24 ETS-25 EDS-01 EDS-02 Guideline for Use of Energinet.dk Technical Standards Weight Monitoring and Weighing Protective Coating of Steel Engineering Reports, Drawings and Lists Requirements for "As-Built" Documentation for Offshore Substations.

3.
3.1

Definitions and abbreviations

Definitions
The following definitions are used in the present standard: Employer: Employer approval: Energinet.dk Employer approval or similar terms, requires approval in writing from Energinet.dk or his representative

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3.2

Abbreviations
Within this specification the following abbreviations have been used. Abbreviations of standards and atomic elements are though not covered.

CE: CTOD: Dnom: ET: HV: IQI: +M: MT: +N : NDE : OD: PT: PWHT: +Q: RT: t: UT: VT: WPQR: WPS:

Carbon equivalent calculated according to EN 1011-2 Crack tip opening displacement Nominal diameter Eddy Current Vickers hardness Image quality indicator Delivery condition : thermo mechanical rolling Magnetic particle examination/testing Delivery condition: normalizing rolling Non destructive examination Outer diameter Liquid penetrant examination Post weld heat treatment Delivery condition: quenched and tempered Radiographic examination/testing Wall thickness Ultrasonic examination Visual examination/testing Welding procedure qualification record Welding procedure specification

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4.

General
All fabrication shall be carried out in accordance with agreed procedures and drawings and shall comply with applicable codes, standards and specifications as listed in this ETS. Unless otherwise stated herein, the DNV standards DNV-OS-C401 Fabrication and testing of offshore structures and DNV-OS-C101 Design of offshore steel structures (LRFD method) shall form basis for this standard.

4.1

Quality and HSE - Project Plans

Contractor shall submit a project specific quality plan to Energinet.dk for their review and approval. The document shall as minimum contain the following information: Detailed fabrication plan and schedule Organisation diagram Manpower plan Inspection and Test Plan. Dimension control procedure Welding preparation details and procedures NDE procedures Qualification of NDT operators Qualification of welders HSE manual List of major sub-contractors

4.2

Structural categories
Structural categories for selection of materials and determination of the extent of inspection shall be in accordance with the relevant section of DNV-OS-C101.

5.
5.1

Structural Materials
General
The steel type grades for topside structures shall comply with the requirements listed in appendix 1A. The steel type grades for steel Sub-structures shall comply with the requirements listed in appendix 1B.

5.2

Steel Material
Steel type 2 can replace steel type 1 whereas steel type 4 can replace steel type 3.

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Steel types shall be applied in accordance with approved design drawings. The following table shows typical material selections. Steel type Special ST1 ST2 ST3 ST4 ST5 Table 5-1 Material selection Type 1-4 steel are used where charpy impact tests and CTOD testing is required. Type 2 and 4 steel shall be used where loads in thickness direction occur for thickness of 25 mm and above. 5.2.1 Chemical Properties Where galvanising has been required the content of Silicon (Si) in the steel shall be minimum 0.15% and maximum 0.40%. The desirable content of Silicon is between 0.15% and 0.25%. Steel type 3 and 4 shall not be galvanised. Bolting Material All bolts and nuts shall be delivered and marked according to EN 20898-1 class 8.8 and EN 20898-2 class 8 respectively unless otherwise specified on design drawings. All bolts and nuts shall be hexagon type with ISO metric thread. Bolts and nuts with diameter 10 mm or more shall be hot dip galvanised according to ISO 1461 class E and ISO 1459. Bolts with diameter less than 10 mm shall be made of stainless steel, ISO 3506 grade A4-70, unless otherwise specified on design drawings. Where used for assembling carbon steel, insulation washers to be used. For bolting material used below LAT +4 m, a waxy rust proofing compound shall be applied. Bolts and nuts for sub-sea installation (below LAT - 2 m) shall be PTFE (Teflon) coated. Washers shall be according to ISO 7090 quality class HV 200. The diameter of washer holes to be 1 mm greater than bolt size for bolts up to 18 mm and 1.5 mm for larger bolts. Hardened washers must be used for friction grip bolts. Bolt, nuts and washers to be delivered with 2.2 certificate according to EN 10204. For assembling stainless steel parts, only stainless steel bolts shall be used. x x x x Structural category Primary x x x x x Secondary

5.2.2

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Split pins materials shall be stainless steel, ISO 3506 grade A4-70. 5.2.3 Internal Soundness For internal soundness, requirements stipulated in EN 10025-X option 6, 7 and 8 shall apply.

5.3

Structural Categories

Table 5-2 Structural Classification typical applications

Structural category for Topside Structures Special All Pad-eyes/lifting trunnion Main tubular columns Crane pedestal Support structure for helideck Support beams/structure for main transformer Nodes in main tubular Cones in main tubular Primary Supports for main cables & Hang-off's Deck beams in grid lines Bracing members Sea-fastening Deck plates Secondary deck beams Secondary Ladders Handrails Stairs Cable ladder supports (minor cables) Grating Supports for minor equipment (e.g. antennas & satellite discs) Pipe supports

Structural category for Sub-structures (Jacket) Special Pad-eyes/lifting trunnion Jacket legs and braces Piles and pile sleeves Boat landing (integrated) Primary Mudmat J-tubes Caissons Boat landing Secondary Ladders Handrails Stairs Grating

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5.3.1

Material Certificates and Markings Steel materials shall be delivered with inspection certificates according to EN 10204 Structural category: Special Primary Secondary Table 5-3 Material certificates according to EN 10204 Where traceability is required all steel material shall be marked according to relevant standards listed in appendix 1. If traceability of a material is not required the material shall as minimum be marked with material grade. Material that cannot be identified as outlined above shall be rejected. Material Certificate: 3.2 3.1 2.2

5.4

Fabrication of Welded Structural Members

Welded tubulars shall be fabricated in accordance with API 2B. Mechanical tests for tubulars must be carried out in the finished configuration. Welded profiles (sections) shall be in accordance with the requirements stipulated in appendix 1.

5.5

Standard Tubulars and Sections

Seamless tubulars shall be manufactured in accordance with API 5L unless otherwise specified. Seamless tubulars shall be inspected in accordance with SR4. Rolled profiles (Sections) shall be in accordance with the requirements stipulated in appendix 1.

5.6

Stairs/Handrails for Topside

See standard drawings ref. appendix 2, 3, 4 and 5.

5.7

Stairs and grating materials for Sub-structure

Materials for grating and steps for stairs shall be GRP. Grating shall be as "Fibeline Moulded Grating 50x50", with anti-slip surface.

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Stair treads to as "Fiberline Moulded Grating Steps". Min 4 pcs fixations for the GRP grating is required per square meter and not less than 3 for each grating piece. The fasteners shall be of stainless steel AISI 316 quality. Grating fasteners shall not be installed onto closed sections (e.g RHS e.t.c.).

5.8

Platform Doors.
A door schedule shall be developed as part of the design and construction. It shall be continuously updated throughout the design and construction phase, until all required information is specified prior to procurement. All external and internal doors shall be designed and fabricated in accordance with NORSOK C-002 with respect to: Materials, fire rating and hardware. All doors on the substation shall be of stainless steel AISI 316L with a suitable painted surface after supplier's recommendation. Gutter shall be installed above all external doors - made of suitable angel bar, welded to wall plate. Slope 1:100 to both sides from middle of gutter.

6.
6.1

Structural steel dimensions

Tubular dimensions and tolerances
Tubulars are to fulfil the following dimensional tolerances: OD < 406 mm OD 406 mm tolerances according to API 5L tolerances according to API 2B

As a supplementary requirement the minimum wall thickness must be as specified, i.e. no negative tolerance allowed. All tubulars shall meet the straightness requirements for API-2B.

Out-of-roundness shall be limited to the lesser of: OD(max.) - OD(min.) 1% of Dnom OD(max.) - OD(min.) max{6 mm, (t mm)/10}

Additionally, the local out-of-roundness shall be measured using a 20 gauge. This shall not depart from the theoretical shape by more than 10% of wall thickness.

6.2

Sections - dimensions and tolerances

Mechanical tests for profiles must be carried out in the finished configuration.

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Profiles shall meet the dimensional tolerance requirements of applicable standard as per Appendix 1, except for length tolerance, which shall be in accordance with EN ISO 13920. Maximum straightness deviation shall not exceed 1/1000 of the length and maximum 10 mm for lengths greater than 10 m.

6.3

Steel plates
Mechanical tests for steel plates must be carried out in the finished configuration. Steel plates shall meet the dimensional tolerance requirements of EN 10225 and EN 10025.

6.4

Rectangular/square hollow sections

Mechanical tests for rectangular/square hollow sections must be carried out in the finished configuration. Rectangular/square hollow sections shall meet the dimensional tolerance requirements of EN 10225 and EN 10025. For primary steel only seamless hollow sections are allowed.

7.

Structural fabrication
All fabrication shall be carried out in accordance with agreed procedures, approved design drawings and shall comply with applicable codes and standards listed in said ETS.

7.1

Storage and handling of steel materials

When materials are received contractor shall inspect them in order to ensure that:

a) b) c)

Marking of materials complies with the documentation Documentation complies with the latest revision of the relevant specification Materials are not damaged during transportation

The inspection shall be documented in a materials receiving inspection report Storage of material or subassemblies shall be above ground level, ensuring that it is kept free of dirt, grease, paint and other alien materials. All materials and subassemblies shall be handled and stored in a way that will ensure that the material is not damaged. All materials shall be traceable to the Energinet.dk contract in question. 7.1.1 Identification system Before starting of fabrication contractor shall establish a numbering system to identify each weld and structural member in order to eliminate conflicting or duplicating of identification systems.

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For structures in the structural categories Special and Primary, the numbering system shall ensure traceability for all welds and materials during all stages of fabrication and in the as-built documentation. For structures in the structural category Secondary, the numbering system shall ensure traceability during all stages of fabrication. 7.1.2 Alignment Wherever practical, clamps, magnets holding devices or other setting-up fixtures shall be used in assembling parts of the structures in order to minimise tack welding in the weld groove. If fit-up clamps cannot be used spacer strips shall be used in order to ensure the specified root gap prior to tack welding.

7.2

Structural sections and plates

All welds shall be continuous (closed welds). A minimum of 4 mm throat thickness seal weld shall be applied where structural welds are not required. Beam sections with identical cross sections may be spliced. Minimum distance between 2 splices shall be 1200 mm. The splices cannot be located within the first 1/8 or the middle 1/4 of a section

7.3

Scaffolding hooks
Unless otherwise noted on design drawings, scaffolding hooks are to be installed below all decks in a 2m x 2m grid.

7.4

Bolted connections
Procedures for the bolt tightening shall be prepared prior to the work and records of the tensioning shall be maintained during the work. If bolt pre-stressing is required according to the design drawings hydraulic pulling pre-stress tool shall be used unless otherwise agreed with Energinet.dk. Calibration of pre-stressing tools shall be documented. Bolt heads and nuts shall rest squarely within 3 against the base material, and bolts shall be of lengths that will extent entirely through and up to a maximum of 6 mm beyond the nuts. No welding is allowed on bolt items. Counter nuts shall secure all nuts unless otherwise noted. Washers shall be used at both bolt head and nut except when tensioning equipment is used. Spring washers are not allowed in structural members. The galvanized surface for the fasteners must remain intact after tensioning.

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All holes shall be drilled and reamed as necessary prior to application of protective coating. Outside burrs resulting from drilling or reaming operations shall be removed with a tool making a 2 mm bevel. Grease shall always be applied when using torque-tensioning technique. The grease shall be of the non-corrosive type and must not contain Sulphur (e.g. MoS2). 7.4.1 Bolts in shear and tension connections Bolts in structural members from M12 mm and up shall be pre-stressed to 50% of yield strength unless otherwise specified. Friction grip connections Bolts shall be pre-stressed and documented as specified on drawings. Enlarging of holes for high stress bolts shall be carried out by reaming only. Holes shall be clean-cut without torn or ragged edges. Outside burrs resulting from drilling or reaming operations shall be removed with a tool making a 2 mm bevel.

7.4.2

7.5

Helidecks
The main supporting steel structure for a helideck on the topside structure is covered by this standard. The lattice structure typically integrated under the helidecks shall be made of seawater resistant aluminium unless otherwise stated. For classification, reference is made to Offshore Standard, Helicopter Decks DNV-OS-E401. The helidecks shall be designed and marked to comply with Statens Luftfartsvsen regulation BL 3-5. Walkways, railings and stairs from the decks to the topside shall be included and are also to be designed in seawater-resistant aluminium, if assembled with aluminium helideck.

7.6

Lifting fittings
Lifting fittings are defined as lifting lugs, lifting trunnion and pad eyes. For lifting fittings, the additional requirements presented in this section must be fulfilled.

7.6.1

Definition Lifting fitting loads are defined as follows: Low load: Max 10 tonnes unit load

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Normal load: High load:

Max 50 tonnes unit load Above 50 tonnes unit load

Unit load is the total current weight of the structure to be lifted. 7.6.2 Materials and Fabrication All materials for lifting fittings shall be of steel type 3 special steel. Welding of lifting fittings shall be of full penetration type welds unless noted otherwise on the design drawings. All plates for lifting fittings shall be examined 100% according to EN 10160 Class S1 Pinholes in pad eyes shall be machined. If cheek plates are fitted the machining of the hole shall be carried out after welding of the cheek plates. Full dimensional and orientation checks of all lifting fittings shall be made upon completion. Complete non-destructive re-testing by means of MT and UT shall be carried out on all lifting fittings after each lift or when load has been applied. The lifting fittings shall be completed with a topcoat RAL 1004 (yellow) and marked with SWL in black letters.

7.6.3

Additional Requirements The following additional requirements apply for high load and normal load lifting fittings: In pad eye plates, the final rolling direction shall be indicated by hard stamping Lifting direction shall be in the final rolling direction

For high load the following further requirements apply: Full mechanical and chemical re-test shall be performed Charpy impact testing shall be performed transverse to the final rolling direction Tensile test pieces shall be tested transverse to the final rolling direction Where high load lifting fittings are welded directly onto a structure, the structural members shall have documented through thickness properties (i.e. type 2 or 4 steel). Otherwise, the pad eye shall be sliced into the structure

For normal load and low load the following additional requirements apply: A chemical re-test shall be performed to document the traceability between the material and the original certificate.

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For lifting fittings in low load, the chemical re-test may be avoided if an additional material factor of 1.5 is used in the design.

7.7

Finishing of structural steel

All temporary attachments for scaffolding, temporary bracing etc. shall be removed by cutting not closer than 3 mm to the structure and then ground flushed with the surface. Subsequently, 100% MT shall be performed. Minor surface defects on primary steel shall be ground to sound metal, 100% magnetic particle inspected, weld repaired, if necessary, and magnetic particle re-inspected.

7.8

Fabrication of non-structural steel and temporary attachments

When welding non-structural and temporary attachments to primary structural components a minimum clearance of 200 mm between any attachments weld toe and any structural component weld toe shall be kept. All temporary welds shall require a minimum of two weld passes. The last pass (es) shall be deposited against the temporary part.

7.8.1

Temporary cut-outs When temporary cut-outs are necessary they shall be prepared with the same care as for permanent cut-outs including carefully rounded corners. Rat holes (Weld access hole) Rat holes shall only be used where absolutely required and they shall then have a radius of 30 mm. The welds shall be continued through the rat hole. Rat holes shall be sealed with closure plates fillet welded to the structure after completion of NDE on the main steel.

7.8.2

7.9

Fabrication dimension tolerances

The fabrication dimensional tolerances for welded sections shall be in accordance with DNV-OS-C401. In addition to the requirements in DNV-OS-C401, the tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and straightness shall be as stated in the following tables.

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7.9.1

Tolerances for linear dimensions Tolerances for linear dimensions shall be in accordance with EN ISO 13920, Class B and C. Range of nominal length in mm
Tolerance Class (Structural Category)

Tolerances in mm B (Special) B (Primary) C (Secondary) 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 4 3 3 6 4 4 8 6 6 11 8 8 14 10 10 18 12 12 21 14 14 24 16 16 27

Table 7-1 Tolerances for linear dimensions 7.9.2 Tolerances for angular dimensions Tolerances for angular dimensions shall be in accordance with EN ISO 13920, Class B and C. The length of the shorter angle leg as specified in the following table shall be used to determine which tolerances are to apply. Range of nominal sizes l in mm (l=length of shorter leg)
Tolerance Class (Structural Category)

<400

<1000

>1000

Angular tolerances in degrees B B C

(Special) (Primary) (Secondary)

0.8 0.8 1.0

0.5 0.5 0.8

0.3 0.3 0.5

Table 7-2 Tolerances for angular dimensions 7.9.3 Tolerances for straightness, flatness and parallelism Tolerances for straightness, flatness and parallelism shall be in accordance with EN ISO 13920, Class E. The tolerances as specified in the following table apply for both the overall dimensions of a weldment, a welding assembly or a welded structure.

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> 20000
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20000

<12000

<16000

<1000

<2000

<4000

<8000

<120

<400

< 30

Range of nominal length in mm

Tolerance Class

<12000

<16000

<20000

<400

(Structural Category)

Tolerances in mm E E F
(Special)

0,5 0,5 1

1 1 1,5

1,5 1,5 3

2 2 4,5

3 3 6

4 4 8

5 5 10

6 6 12

7 7 14

(Primary)

(Secondary)

Table 7-3 Tolerances for straightness, flatness and parallelism The dimensions given in the drawings are applicable at a temperature of +10C. Corrections must be performed if the manufacturing temperature differs from this, by more than 10 C. Contractor shall submit construction drawings marked up to as-built status and indicate as-built interface dimensions, which could affect offshore operations. 7.9.4 Section ends The ends of sections cut perpendicular to the longitudinal axis shall be perpendicular to the axis with a maximum deviation of 3 mm, unless otherwise indicated on the drawings. 7.9.5 Location of seams Minimum distance between circumferential seams in tubular shall be 1200 mm unless shown otherwise on the drawings. Length of node stubs shall not be less than the outside diameter or 610 mm whichever is the strictest. Circumferential seams shall be avoided within node stubs. Longitudinal seams shall preferably be 180 degrees offset wherever practical and shall not be less than 15 degrees offset. The longitudinal seams on node chord cans shall be located at a minimum radial distance of 75 mm from the edge of any brace to chord welds.

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<20000 8 8 16
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<1000

<2000

<4000

<8000

< 120

7.9.6

High-low High-low, defined as a condition where tubular surfaces are misaligned, can be accepted provided the misalignment does not exceed 3 mm for single sided welding and 6 mm for double sided welding. The root of adjacent tubular joints shall be completely tied-in (bonded) by weld metal and smooth transition shall be assured. The maximum acceptable misalignment as specified in EN ISO 5817. Plates and grating Grating shall be flat and without visible warping. Maximum allowable warping is 2 mm. Slope of plates and grating shall be maximum 6 mm/3 m. Landings and stairways Horizontal and vertical location of landings and stairways shall not deviate from theoretical measures on design drawings with more than 10 mm. Interface tolerance Interface checks between Topside and Sub-structure shall be subject for detailed review and scrutiny by the Contractor. The result of said review shall be subject for approval by Energinet.dk. Markings Sub-structure. Water level figures shall be painted on the jacket legs, oriented 450 with respect to the gridlines. The water level marking shall consist of a circumferential marking line at every meter, start and end elevation to be agreed. The lines shall be black on yellow background. Line width shall be 100 mm for El (+) 0.000, and 50 mm for all other elevations. The figures shall be min 500 mm high, painted black on yellow background. The jacket leg id number shall be painted on 3 locations around the circumference with 400 mm high identification letters at agreed elevation. The id's letter/figures shall be black on rectangular white background.

7.9.7

7.9.8

7.9.9

7.9.10

8.

Welding
The welding workshop shall have a quality management system in accordance with ISO 9001, ISO 3834 series or equivalent standard. An organisation chart, which as a minimum shall include the names of the responsible manager, quality responsible, welding and NDE coordinator, and NDE level III, shall be available.

8.1

Welding processes
Welding may be performed with the following processes unless otherwise specified:

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Metal-arc welding with covered electrode Self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding Submerged arc welding Metal inert gas welding (MIG) Metal active gas welding (MAG) Tubular-cored Metal arc welding Tungsten inert gas arc welding (TIG) Plasma arc welding

Other welding processes shall be agreed with Energinet.dk prior to fabrication.

8.2
8.2.1

Qualifications of welders and welding operators

Welding coordinator The workshop shall have one welding coordinator whereby welding personnel can be supplied with the necessary procedure specifications and work instructions to ensure that the work is correctly executed and managed. The welding coordinator shall be certified European Welding Engineer (EWE) or similar.

8.2.2

Welders and operators All welders and operators shall be experienced and qualified in the workshop in accordance with the requirements of EN 287 series, ISO 9606, ASME IX or ANSI/AWS D1.1 for welders and EN 1418 for operators or equivalent standards approved by Energinet.dk. The welder performance qualification test shall be carried out in accordance with a qualified welding procedure specification (WPS).

8.2.3

Identification of welder or welding operator Welder Performance Qualification (WPQ) sheets with photograph shall be used for documentation purpose. Each qualified welder or welding operator shall be assigned a symbol, which always shall be visible during welding. The welder or welding operator shall mark his welds with his symbol. Welder's symbol shall be stated in NDE-reports and as-built documentation for high and normal safety class structure.

8.2.4

Welder's or operator's record A record shall be kept of the welders or welding operators symbols and be available at all times. A record of the welders or welding operators work performed during the last 12 months shall be available to Energinet.dk at all times.

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8.2.5

Test for branch connections Tests of welders for branch connections (Y-joints) are given below for the structural categories Special and Primary. Y joint welder's qualification shall be required for branch connections (Y and K connections between tubulars or tubulars welded to plates, branch outside diameter above 150 mm) in addition to the welding test piece positions either PC and PF or to H-L045/G6 qualification. The test weld is a Y-joint between a vertical plate and a tube (branch) with a min. diameter of 200 mm and with an inclination of 35. Groove geometry shall be as specified in the relevant welding procedure qualification record. The plate thickness shall be at least 15 mm and shall have a minimum length and width equal to two times branch outside diameter. The thickness of the branch shall be at least 15 mm. Free end of the branch shall be oriented downwards in relation to vertical and be covered by a temporary plate during welding. The welding parameters shall be in accordance with a qualified welding procedure. No back welding is permitted. All test welds shall be 100% ultrasonic tested in accordance with section 8.0 From the test weld three macro sections taken from 6 oclock, 9 oclock and 12 oclock shall be made. Each macro section shall be examined and found to be acceptable to ASME code section VIII.

8.3
8.3.1

Welding procedures
General Welding Procedure Qualification Records (WPQR's) shall reflect the production and shall be performed in accordance with EN ISO 15614-1 or ASME IX, unless otherwise stated in this section. WPS (Welding Procedure Specification) shall be prepared in accordance with EN-2881, AWS D1.1 or an equivalent standard approved by Energinet.dk WPS's inclusive copy of reference WPQR shall be issued to Energinet.dk for approval prior to commencement of welding. The material used in the WPQR shall be made on project materials only. Already established, sufficiently tested and documented procedures may however, be acceptable, if approved by Energinet.dk prior commencement of production.

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Test body shall be acceptable to Energinet.dk. Test bodies will be approved if accredited by national authorities according to EN 45004 for certification of welding procedures according to EN ISO 15614-1 series or ASME IX. The validity of a qualified welding procedure is restricted to the workshop specifying the procedure and performing the procedure welding. Workshops or workshop branches under the same technical management and working in accordance with the same QA-programme and procedures are considered as one workshop. For welding of structural category Secondary only approved WPS are required. 8.3.2 Specific requirements The degree of cold deformation of special and primary structural elements shall be less than 5%. If the deformation exceeds 5%, either heat treatment or strain ageing tests shall be carried out according to agreed procedure. The carbon equivalent (CE) of the production material shall not exceed that of the steel used for the WPQR by more than 0.03%. Deviations from the specific requirements shall require a new welding procedure test. 8.3.3 Test of the procedure welds Examinations shall be performed not earlier than 48 hours after completion of the weld. CTOD testing (Fracture mechanics testing) shall be performed in accordance with the requirements stipulated in DNV-OS-C101. CTOD test shall be carried out according to BS 7448 Part 2 (with detailed requirements as given in DNV-OS-C401). Hydrogen removal treatment is not allowed without prior approval from Energinet.dk. CTOD results shall be calculated using appropriate values of yield stresses. Charpy-V Impact test: The following minimum values shall apply: Steel type Charpy-V impact values (J) Temperature (oC) Steel type 1 - 4 50 -40 Steel type 5 27 -20

Table 8-1 Minimum average Charpy-V notch impact test value

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8.4
8.4.1

Production welding
Welding sequences Contractor shall develop erection sequences, which shall include welding sequences to control fabrication tolerances within the specified limits and prevent the build-up of excessive internal stresses in the structure. Weld preparation Contractor shall establish shielding to protect each welding site from rain, snow and wind. No welding shall be carried out when the surface is damp, wet or icy'. Preparation and welding of materials shall be in accordance with the qualified welding procedures. Welds shall be made from both sides whenever possible. Single sided butt welds shown on the design drawings may be executed from the other side to suit fabrication.

8.4.2

8.4.3

Weld execution Workmanship Clean, sound metal shall be provided as a base for weld metal deposition; this may necessitate grinding or gouging followed by grinding at a depth of min. 2 mm. Double-sided welds shall be back-gouged and ground or ground to sound metal before the second side is welded. The resulting excavation shall have a profile suitable for welding. Each run of weld metal shall be thoroughly cleaned of flux, spatter and slag before depositing the next weld run. If necessary, crater cracks shall be removed prior to deposition the next weld run. Arc strikes Arc strikes outside the welding groove are not permitted. Repair will be grinding in accordance with section 7.7. Suitable NDE methods shall be used to search for cracks. Tack welds Tack welds shall be of a minimum length of four times the base metal thickness or 100 mm, which is lesser, and carried out according to a qualified welding procedure. Tack welds shall have adequate cross section to prevent cracking. Tack welds that form part of the completed weld shall be cleansed, crack detected and completely fused with the root run. Cracked tack welds shall be completely removed by grinding and shall not be incorporated into the finished weld. After removal, the parent material shall be

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magnetic particle or liquid penetrant examined to ensure that crack propagation from the tack weld into the parent material has not occurred. Arc/air gouging All arc/air-gouged surfaces shall be dressed to bright clean metal by grinding at an additional depth of min. 2 mm. The gouged/grounded profile shall be suitable for welding with the applicable process. Specific care shall be taken that the arc is not struck before full airflow is established. Energinet.dk shall approve the procedure prior to gouging. Weld interruption Welding shall not be discontinued before 25% or 3 passes of the weld thickness is complete, whichever is more stringent. At this stage the weld profile should be concave particularly at the weld material/parent plate interface. Branch connections Qualified T-joint welders shall be used for the first 25% or 3 passes of the weld, whichever is more stringent. For the other passes welders qualified in the H-L045 position may by used. Joint preparation and cleaning Wire brushing and grinding of materials shall be performed using silicon carbide grinding wheels and steel wire brushes, which have not been used previously on another type of material. Backing Permanent backing is not permitted unless accepted by Energinet.dk prior to fabrication. 8.4.4 Pre-heating Pre-heating shall be carried out by electrical resistance, induction equipment or by use of gas burners specifically made and shaped for this type of operation. Cutting torches are not allowed for pre-heating. The minimum pre-heat temperature shall be the higher of the following: a) The temperature specified in the relevant approved welding procedure. b) Work pieces shall be heated to ensure a minimum temperature of 25 C and dryness. c) The minimum temperature shall be calculated according to EN 1011

The pre-heat temperature shall be established for a distance of at least 75 mm on either side of the weld and through the wall thickness prior to welding. Pre-heating

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shall be maintained over the full length of the joint or min. 1 m ahead of the arc and throughout the whole welding operation. The temperature measurement for pre-heating shall be thermocouples or temperature-indicating crayons. 8.4.5 Inter-pass temperature The minimum inter-pass temperature shall be at least equal to the pre-heat temperature and shall not exceed 250 C. Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) shall always be performed according to the same approved WPQR as the welding has been based on. Due to requirements from the design code PWHT shall be performed with electric resistance, induction equipment or in a fixed furnace, when applicable. The temperature shall be monitored by means of thermocouples. Sufficient amount of thermocouples shall be used to cover the area being PWHT adequately. PWHT shall be determined in accordance with DNV-OS-C401. The weld shall be PWHT and the surrounding area shall be covered with insulation material covering minimum 500 mm on each side of the weld. The insulation material shall not be removed before the temperature is below 250 C. For tubular the open ends shall be covered to avoid draught inside the tubular during the heat treatment. PWHT temperature/time charts shall be clearly identified and retained. The information shall be accurately transferred from the charts to thermal history graphs. 8.4.7 Weld repairs All corrective work consisting of removal of defects and deposition of repair welds shall be in accordance with the qualified repair welding procedure. Alternatively, the deposition of repair weld shall be in accordance with a welding procedure qualified for the original weld. Removal of defective areas shall be by machining, grinding, chipping or arc/air gouging followed by grinding. The resulting excavation shall be clean, free from scale and have a contour to permit ease in repair welding. MT or PT shall assure defect removal. The mechanical properties of repair weld shall satisfy the minimum specified properties of the steel in question. Repairs and modifications shall be identified and documented.

8.4.6

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Second weld repair requires Energinet.dk approval. Frequent repairs shall result in increased NDE according to DNV-OS-C401, Section 3 B400. 8.4.8 Production testing Energinet.dk reserves the right to select test welds for production tests directly from the production welds. The testing shall be performed to the requirements of this ETS, however; CTOD testing is not required. If a full test procedure cannot be performed because of lack of material (e.g. small diameter pipes, etc.), only the hardness tests and the technically possible amount of Charpy tests shall be performed with the below priority: 1) 2) 3) 4) The notch crossing the fusion line symmetrically 1) + 2 mm 1) + 5 mm The notch on the weld centre line

If the production test is not fulfilling the requirements the cause of failing shall be established immediately and brought to the attention of Energinet.dk

9.

Non-destructive examination
This section specifies the requirements to NDE for the structural welds performed on the fabrication site. Inspection categories are in accordance with the requirements stipulated in DNV-OSC101. Non-destructive examination shall be carried out according to DNV-OS-C401, Following methods are applicable: Visual examination (VT) Magnetic particle examination (MT) Liquid penetrant examination (PT) Ultrasonic examination (UT) Radiographic examination (RT) Eddy current (ET)

9.1

Extent of examinations
The extent of NDE shall be based on type and level of design stresses and on the importance of the connection in question. The welds shall be assigned inspection categories equal to the highest structural category of the two components.

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NDE shall be carried out to an extent not less than required in DNV-OS-C401.

9.2
9.2.1

NDE Qualifications
Examination organisation The organisation performing NDE shall be an independent inspection unit accredited according to EN ISO 17025 or equivalent. Examination personnel All personnel shall be certified in accordance with EN 473 or equivalent and the unit shall as a minimum include one certified level III inspector, who shall have the overall technical responsibility for the NDE activities, i.e. approval of procedures, equipment, technique etc. The personnel performing NDE shall, as a minimum be certified as level II, or work under direct supervision of a certified level II person. Procedures All NDE shall be performed in accordance with agreed written procedures, which have been approved by the responsible level 3 inspector and in accordance with the requirements of DNV-OS-C401 standard.

9.2.2

9.2.3

9.3

Execution of NDE
All plates, tubulars and profiles in the structural categories Special and Primary shall be checked by NDE according to one or more of the methods specified in DNV-OSC401. Radiographic examination may be replaced by ultrasonic examination and vice versa, when methodologically justifiable and in agreement with the Energinet.dk.

9.4

NDE procedure and acceptance criteria.

The acceptance criteria level shall, for special structures comply with ISO 5817 level B. Welds of category primary/secondary shall comply with ISO 5817 level C.

9.4.1

Visual (VT) procedure and acceptance criteria 100% VT shall be performed on all welds. EN 970 or AWS D1.1 shall be used as examination technique for visually examination of weld preparation and finished welds. Acceptance criteria for visual and magnetic testing shall be according to ISO 5817 quality level B or C with the additional requirement that pinholes, slag stripes, pores etc. shall not be accepted for welds, which shall be coated.

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9.4.2

Magnetic particle (MT) procedure and acceptance criteria Examination technique shall be in accordance with EN 1290 or ASTM E 709. Examination shall be performed for indications in any directions. AC electromagnetic yoke shall be used. Detection media shall be of liquid type, fluorescent or black. If black suspended power is used, the examination surface shall be covered by a thin layer of contrast paint. Acceptance level shall be as per EN ISO 23278 2x or ISO 5817 level B or C

9.4.3

Radiographic testing (RT) procedure and acceptance criteria Examination technique shall be in accordance with EN 1435 class B. Acceptance level: EN 12517 level 1.

9.4.4

Ultrasonic testing (UT) acceptance criteria The examination shall be performed and evaluated as follows: Examination level: EN 1714 level B, annex A. Acceptance level: EN 1712 level 2.

9.4.5

Liquid Penetrant testing (LP) acceptance criteria Examination technique shall be in accordance with EN 571-1. Acceptance level: EN 1291 2X.

9.5

Execution of NDE, structural fabrication

9.5.1

General All NDE shall be performed after final post weld heat treatment, if applicable. NDE examination shall, at the earliest, be commenced 48 hours after welding completion. Alternatively, the welding can be heated to 200 C and held at that temperature for two (2) hours. NDE can then be executed after cooling to the temperature required for performance of the examination. This procedure is subject to Energinet.dk approval. For welds in secondary structure (handrails, kick plates ladders e.t.c) not welded to special or primary structures, NDE can be performed after cooling to the temperature required for performance of the examination required. All Plates which are subjected to significant tensile stresses in the thickness direction in way of cross joints, etc. shall be ultrasonically tested after welding into the structure, to make sure that lamellar tearing has not taken place. If steel with

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improved through thickness properties (steel type 2 and 4) has been adopted, this test may be reduced to spot-check only. Welds in hollow sections shall be 100% leak tested or 100% MPI tested. 9.5.2 Sequence of examination Visual examination shall always be performed prior to other examinations. When examinations for detection of internal as well as external defects are required for the same weld the examination for external defects shall be performed prior to the examination for internal defects. Surface conditions The surface and the adjacent area to be examined shall be clean and free of all dirt, grease, paint, spatter, heavy oxidation etc. that may interfere with the examination. To assure the examination and interpretation of results the weld surface shall be prepared by grinding, if necessary. NDE shall be performed prior to application of linings and coatings. 9.5.4 Random examination Where random examination (spot check) is required a complete examination of the specified percentage of the welds in the lot shall take place. The selection of welds to be examined may be at the discretion of the inspector from Energinet.dk. Where practical, the selection shall ensure that the work product of each welder or welding operator performing the welding is included . 9.5.5 Extent of examination in case of unacceptable welds All unacceptable indications shall be removed. Where weld repair is required, the repair area shall be re-examined for external defects prior to welding including 100 mm on either side. Weld repairs (or replaced welds) shall be examined with the same method as the original weld. Where random examination reveals unacceptable indications the following actions shall be taken: a) Two additional welds by the same welder or welding operator shall be examined with the same examination method. b) If the results of the examination according to a) are acceptable the defective weld shall be repaired and re-examined and all welds in the lot are considered acceptable. c) If the results of the examination according to a) are unacceptable two further welds by the same welder or welding operator shall be examined for each defective weld.

9.5.3

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d) If the results of the examination according to c) are acceptable, the defective welds shall be repaired and re-examined, and all welds in the lot are considered acceptable. e) If the results of the examination according to c) are unacceptable, all welds welded by the same welder or welding operator shall be either:

- Examined 100%. Repaired and re-examined as applicable.

10.

Coating
The minimum requirements are given in Energinet.dk technical standard Protective Coating of Steel ETS-25

11.

As-built documentation
As-built documentation shall be compiled and submitted by the contractor to Energinet.dk after execution of the work. The as-built documentation shall include, but not be limited to the following: Documentation index Third part inspection release note (If applicable) Manufactures declaration of conformity (certificate of conformity) List of as-built drawings As-built traceability drawings. The traceability shall cover all welding, materials and NDE of the structure Dimension reports, when applicable NDE reports NDE personnel certificates List of approved WPS List of approved welders Weight reports, when applicable Approved deviation reports and technical site queries List of material certificates Material certificates Coating documentation

The as-built documentation shall further be compiled in accordance with EDS - 02.

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11.1

Deliverables
Contractor shall deliver the following set of documentation to Energinet.dk: Shop and design drawings in AutoCAD and PDF format, as per EDS-01.

The electronic documentation shall be prepared with bookmarks.

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12.

Appendix
Appendix 1A. Steel Types and Quality for Topside structures

Steel Type ST1

Material Type Plates Plates Sections Welded hollow sections Seamless hollow sections

Material Dim T 50 mm T > 50 mm All All All T 50 mm T > 50 mm All All All T 50 mm T > 50 mm All All All T 50 mm T > 50 mm All All All All

Standard EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10219 EN 10210 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10219 EN 10210 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10219 EN 10210 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10219 EN 10210 EN 10225 EN 10225

Steel Quality S355J2 S355NL S355J2 S355J2H S355J2H S355J2 S355NL S355J2 S355J2H S355J2H S420N S420NL S420N S420N S420N S420N S420NL S420N S420N S420N S420G1+Q S420G1+M S420G1+Q S420G1+M

Description Primary Steel

ST2

Plates Plates Sections Welded hollow sections Seamless hollow sections

Primary Steel with requirements for improved deformation properties perpendicular to the surface of the product , EN 10164 Quality Class Z35

ST3

Plates Plates Sections Welded hollow sections Seamless hollow sections

Primary Steel

ST4

Plates Plates Sections Welded hollow sections Seamless hollow sections

Primary Steel with requirements for improved deformation properties perpendicular to the surface of the product , EN 10164 Quality Class Z35

ST3-S

Plates

Special Steel:

ST4-S

Plates

All

EN 10225 EN 10225

Special Steel with requirements for improved deformation properties perpendicular to the surface of the product , EN 10164 Quality Class Z35 Secondary Steel.

ST5

Plates Plates Sections Welded hollow sections Seamless hollow sections Bulb flats

All

EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10219 EN 10210 EN 10067

S235 S235 S235 S235 S235 S235

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Appendix 1B Steel Type 1

Steel Types and Quality for Sub-structure (Jacket)

Standard Steel Quality EN 10225 Plates: S355G9+N/G9+M Sections: S355G11+N/G11+M Welded hollow sections: S355G13+N Seamless hollow sections: S355G14+Q/G14+N

EN 10225

Steel with requirements for improved deformation properties perpendicular to the surface of the product , EN 10164 Quality Class Z35 Plates: S355G9+N/G9+M+Option 13 Sections: S355G11+N/G11+M+Option 13 Welded hollow sections: S355G13+N+Option 13 Seamless hollow sections: S355G14+Q/G14+N+Option 13

EN 10225

Plates: S420G1+Q/G1+M Sections: S420G3+M Welded hollow sections: S420G5+Q Seamless hollow sections: S420G6+Q

EN 10225

Steel with requirements for improved deformation properties perpendicular to the surface of the product , EN 10164 Quality Class Z35 Plates: S420G1+Q/G1+M+Option 13 Sections: S420G3+M+Option 13 Welded hollow sections: S420G5+Q+Option 13 Seamless hollow sections: S420G6+Q+Option 13

EN 10025

S235-S275

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Appendix 2
Drawing 10H 04 050 Stair - Standard drawing.

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Appendix 3
Drawing 10H 04 051 - Standard drawing, removable/fixed handrail.

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Appendix 4
Drawing 10H 05 052 -. Standard drawing, removable handrail, heavy duty

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Appendix 5
Drawing 10H4 04 053 -. Typical details, grating

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