Sub: WEB TECHNOLOGY Assignment 2 solution_-:

1. Give history of web development and emphasis on growth rate of web and web servers?
The world of web development has come a long way! Once upon a time, developers would create HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) pages by typing in code for each page that was to be part of a web site. For example, <b>hello world</b> would result in "hello world". HTML editors such as Dreamweaver came on the scene and creating code became much easier: a developer could highlight "hello world," click on the bold icon in the editor, and get "hello world" While this saved time, web code editing software were stand-alone purchases that cost hundreds of dollars and had to be installed on high performance computers. In order to appreciate the evolution of web development, one must understand the difference between static and dynamic HTML. In a static world, developers would create HTML pages one-byone. Each static HTML page was independent from all others. In a dynamic world, developers could change a single file (php, asp, cfm and MANY others) that would then change other files. For example, a header file with navigation (home, contact, about us, etc) may needed to be updated often. Static HTML would be a slow way to update the entire web site when a new page is added. So, a smart developer would create an index.php file (home page) that says, "when I get loaded, also load the file called header.php" This means that every subsequent page (such as about_us.php, contact_us.php) would also get updated automatically when header.phpchanges.Along with the development of desktop software for web developers, a movement to create web sites without having to download any desktop software had begun. The theory was that users could use an Internet browser such as Netscape, Firefox, Safari and / or Internet Explorer to login and then make changes to their web site. The solutions were built using dynamic pages as described above, and also connected to a database. These solutions were called Content Management Systems (CMS).Web design encompasses many different skills and disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites. The different areas of web design include web graphic design; interface design; authoring, including standardised code and proprietary software; user experience design; and search engine optimization. Often many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them all.[1] The term web design is normally used to describe the design process relating to the front-end (client side) design of a website including writing mark up, but this is a grey area as this is also covered by web development. Web designers are expected to have an awareness of usability and if their role involves creating mark up then they are also expected to be up to date with web accessibility guidelines. The Internet is defined as the worldwide interconnection of individual networks operated by government, industry, academia, and private parties. Originally the Internet served to interconnect laboratories engaged in government research, and since 1994 it has been expanded to serve millions of users and a multitude of purposes in all parts of the world.

In a matter of very few years, the Internet consolidated itself as a very powerful platform that has changed forever the way we do business, and the way we communicate. The Internet, as no other communication medium, has given an International or, if you prefer, a "Globalized" dimension to the world. Internet has become the Universal source of information for millions of people, at home, at school, and at work.

2. What make the website a dynamic website? Which language and construct are used in developing dynamic website?
A website, also written as Web site,[1]web site, or simply site,[2] is a set of related web pages containing content such as text, images, video, audio, etc. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network through an Internet address known as a Uniform Resource Locator. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web. A webpage is a document, typically written in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML, XHTML). A webpage may incorporate elements from other websites with suitable markup anchors. A dynamic website is one that changes or customizes itself frequently and automatically, based on certain criteria. Dynamic websites can have two types of dynamic activity: Code and Content. Dynamic code is invisible or behind the scenes and dynamic content is visible or fully displayed.

Dynamic code
The first type is a web page with dynamic code. The code is constructed dynamically on the fly using active programming language instead of plain, static HTML. A website with dynamic code refers to its construction or how it is built, and more specifically refers to the code used to create a single web page. A dynamic web page is generated on the fly by piecing together certain blocks of code, procedures or routines. A dynamically generated web page would recall various bits of information from a database and put them together in a predefined format to present the reader with a coherent page. It interacts with users in a variety of ways including by reading cookies recognizing users' previous history, session variables, server side variables etc., or by using direct interaction (form elements, mouse overs, etc.). A site can display the current state of a dialogue between users, monitor a changing situation, or provide information in some way personalized to the requirements of the individual user.

Dynamic content

The second type is a website with dynamic content displayed in plain view. Variable content is displayed dynamically on the fly based on certain criteria, usually by retrieving content stored in a database. A website with dynamic content refers to how its messages, text, images and other information are displayed on the web page, and more specifically how its content changes at any given moment. The web page content varies based on certain criteria, either pre-defined rules or variable user input. For example, a website with a database of news articles can use a pre-defined rule which tells it to display all news articles for today's date. This type of dynamic website will automatically show the most current news articles on any given date. Another example of dynamic content is when a retail website with a database of media products allows a user to input a search request for the keyword Beatles. In response, the content of the web page will spontaneously change the way it looked before, and will then display a list of Beatles products like CDs, DVDs and books.

3. Describe various protocols governing Web applications.?

Protocols governing the web The TCP/IP suite of protocols is the set of protocols used to communicate across the internet. It is also widely used on many organizational networks due to its flexibility and wide array of functionality provided. TCP/IP is a set of protocols which is used to govern the web. The division of TCP/IP protocols layer wise and function wise is as follows: Link Layer

SLIP - Serial Line Internet Protocol. This protocol places data packets into data frames in preparation for transport across network hardware media. This protocol is used for sending data across serial lines. There is no error correction, addressing or packet identification. There is no authentication or negotiation capabilities with SLIP. SLIP will only support transport of IP packets. CSLIP - Compressed SLIP is essentially data compression of the SLIP protocol. It uses Van Jacobson compression to drastically reduce the overhead of packet overhead. This may also be used with PPP and called CPPP. PPP - Point to Point Protocol is a form of serial line data encapsulation that is an improvement over SLIP which provides serial bi-directional communication. It is much like SLIP but can support AppleTalk, IPX, TCP/IP, and NetBEUI along with TCP/IP which is supported by SLIP. It can negociate connection parameters such as speed along with the ability to support PAP and CHAP user authentication. Ethernet - Ethernet is not really called a protocol. There are also many types of ethernet. The most common ethernet which is used to control the handling of data at the lowest layer of the network model is 802.3 ethernet. 802.3 ethernetprivides a means of

encapsulating data frames to be sent between computers. It specifies how network data collisions are handled along with hardware addressing of network cards.
Network Layer

ARP - Address Resolution Protocol enables the packaging of IP data into ethernet packages. It is the system and messaging protocol that is used to find the ethernet (hardware) address from a specific IP number. Without this protocol, the ethernet package could not be generated from the IP package, because the ethernet address could not be determined. IP - Internet Protocol. Except for ARP and RARP all protocols' data packets will be packaged into an IP data packet. IP provides the mechanism to use software to address and manage data packets being sent to computers. RARP - Reverse address resolution protocol is used to allow a computer without a local permanent data storage media to determine its IP address from its ethernet address.

Transport Layer

TCP - A reliable connection oriented protocol used to control the management of application level services between computers. It is used for transport by some applications. UDP - An unreliable connection less protocol used to control the management of application level services between computers. It is used for transport by some applications which must provide their own reliability. ICMP - Internet control message protocol (ICMP) provides management and error reporting to help manage the process of sending data between computers. (Management). This protocol is used to report connection status back to computers that are trying to connect other computers. For example, it may report that a destination host is not reachable.

4. Discuss the causes that lead to poor communication in a team?

As workplaces become more diverse, the need to communicate properly becomes more important. Communication between managers and employees, across departments, between customers and employees and between employees and vendors are all essential to how a business operates on a day-to-day basis. Even though communication is recognized as a key to a successful work environment, companies often struggle with poor communication in their workplaces.

5. Discuss the designing strategies being considered for the development of E-Commerce site.?
The most successful ecommerce websites have the following characteristics:

Are visually pleasing as well as usable and quick-loading Incorporate all the features and functionality that customers need for a pleasing site experience that is conducive to customer retention and conversion Are Search Engine friendly Integrate seamlessly with your business operations applications and product catalog Give you the reports and statistics you need to measure performance and optimize your business Are easy to update and maintain by your staff.

We design and implement high-performance websites that address all of the above, and more. At ECommerce Partners, the website design and development process begins by approaching your site as a business first and foremost. Our passion is building successful businesses online, and the value we provide can be measured in business terms, such as ROI, revenue and customer volume. With over a decade of experience in eCommerce web design, we understand the business of the Internet and excel at providing tailored technology solutions that are scalable, flexible, search-engine friendly, and proven to solve your business needs. The online strategy is described in a holistic and comprehensive blueprint document called the Ecommerce Requirements Specification (ERS). The ERS also includes Creative, Functional, SEO, Search, Content and Technical Requirements. Additionally, the ERS recommends to what extent custom development and 3rd Party Applications will be necessary during implementation, or whether standard ecommerce website tools could suffice. For more information on the ERS, see the Ecommerce Strategy Section. The next step is visualizing all the ERS requirements through functional design. The functional design provides a visual blueprint and map of the website through Information Architecture wireframes, sitemaps and process flows. From there, the development and implementation phase begins, which ECommerce Partners terms the Ecommerce Development Module (EDM). The EDM encompasses all the design, coding, QA, User Acceptance Testing, Migration and Launch processes that are involved in any professional website development. Each step is planned in advance in the ERS phase, and then our implementation is carefully choreographed and managed to ensure the best results. Why do we bother with the ERS? The answer is simple: you wouldnt build a house without an architect and a blueprint, and you shouldnt build a website without a digital equivalent. If you want your digital storefront to crumble, the surest way to ensure failure and waste untold time and money is to skip proper planning and jump blindly into implementation. We swear by our ERS and EDM processes because they work!

6. Describe the role and responsibilities of core, extended and special team members.
Communicate Roles, Responsibilities, and Objectives Your people also need to know clearly what their job roles and responsibilities are. Make sure that you have an up-to-date job description for each team member, and be as detailed as possible about every responsibility that they have. When working with your team on a project, use a Responsibility Assignment Matrix to help keep assignments and responsibilities clear. You may also want to use a Team Charter to define everyone's roles and responsibilities within the team. Sometimes, people don't take responsibility because they feel apathetic about their work. They can't see how their efforts tie into the "bigger picture." So, make sure that they understand how their work ties into the larger goals of the organization. Highlight the importance of what they're doing, and also paint a picture that details the unpleasant direct and indirect consequences that happen when they don't do their work properly. Re-Engage People This then leads on to re-engagement. Think about how you, yourself, feel when you're doing work that you love or care deeply about. You take responsibility for your actions, simply because you have a deep sense of pride in what you're doing. The same will likely hold true for your people: by working on reengaging them, you can lead your people down the path towards personal responsibility. Your people will be more engaged if their work aligns with their values. Meet with them to find out what these are. Then, illustrate how their daily tasks and responsibilities align with those values. Team members could also be disengaged or dissatisfied because they're not in the right role. Take some time to discover their strengths and weaknesses, and analyze whether or not they're using their strengths. If not, they might be better suited in a different role. (You can also use job crafting techniques to reshape their role to fit them better.) Sometimes, people feel that they have no control over their lives. To them, it doesn't matter what they do or how hard they work, nothing makes much of a difference. People who believe that outside forces constantly influence their life are said to have an "external locus of control," while those who believe that their actions shape events, have an internal one.

Ask team members to take our Locus of Control quiz so that you can determine where they fall on this spectrum. If you discover that people have an external locus of control, help them overcome this. Set modest goals so that they can achieve some quick wins; and then help them build their selfconfidence. Also, remind them of their strengths and past successes, and teach them how to think positively, instead of engaging in damaging, negative self-talk. You can also break up any large tasks or projects into smaller goals or steps. A huge project or goal will make people feel overwhelmed, and, instead of being accountable for their work, they're far more likely to shun their responsibilities.