Verbs 1 The objective in this lesson is to learn more about the principal parts of verbs.

The spelling of a verb can give a great deal of information. Verbs have different forms or spellings for different uses.

English X - Skills All verbs have basic forms called their principal parts, which include the present tense, past tense, the past participle, and the present participle.

Verbs 1 Here are the principal parts of some common verbs:

PRESENT PAST PAST PARTICIPLE (have) walked walk seem create clap walked (have) seemed seemed (have) created created (have) clapped clapped

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PRESENT PARTICIPLE (are) walking (are) seeming (are) creating (are) clapping

Verbs 1 Two of the principal parts have verb helpers that express time for a verb. Time expressed by a verb is called its tense. There are two kinds of tense: simple and perfect. The principal parts and sometimes the verb helpers form the tense of the verb. Simple Tenses present past future

English X - Skills Perfect Tenses present perfect past perfect future perfect

On the next screen, you will find a description of each verb tense and how it is formed.

Verbs 1 The present tense shows things occurring now, in the present. Use the regular spelling of the verb with no endings and no verb helpers. I see the ice on the road. The past tense shows actions that occurred in the past. Use the past form of the verb with no verb helpers. I saw the ice on the road.

English X - Skills The past tense of many verbs is formed by adding -d or -ed to the regular spelling of the verb. Verbs that form their past tense in this manner are called regular verbs. There are about 130 verbs that form their past tense with a different spelling. These are called irregular verbs.

Verbs 1 The future tense shows action that takes place solely in the future. Use the present form of the verb plusthe verb helpers shall or will to form the simple future tense. I shall see the ice on the road. Formal English requires that shall be used with the first person (I) in future tense. Second and third persons use will in future tense. You will see the ice on the road. She will see the ice on the road.

English X - Skills The present perfect tense shows an action that started in the past and is continuing now. This tense is also used for situations where an action was finished at an unspecified time in the past. Use the past participle form of the verb plus the verb helpers has or have. I have seen the ice on the road. You have seen the ice on the road. She has seen the ice on the road.

Verbs 1 The past perfect is used to show action that continued in the past. Use the past participle form of the verb plus the verb helper had. I had seen the ice on the road. You had seen the ice on the road. She had seen the ice on the road.

English X - Skills The future perfecttense is used to show an action in the future that will be completed in the future. Use the past participle form of the verb plus shall have or will have. I shall have seen the ice on the road. You will have seen the ice on the road. She will have seen the ice on the road. Formal English requires that shall have be used with the first person (I) in future perfect tense, and will have be used for second and third person.

Verbs 1 The dictionary lists the spellings of the past and past participle for the irregular verbs right after the entry word, so if you are ever uncertain about the spelling of a verb form, check the dictionary!

English X - Skills Here are the six tenses of the verbcount. Simple Tenses present - count past - counted future - will count Perfect Tenses present perfect - have counted past perfect - had counted future perfect - will have counted

Verbs 1 Look at these sentences and identify the verb or verb phrase and the tense of each. 1. Susan makes a daily trip to the grocery store. 2. Chester has studied hard for the test. 3. Claire mentally checked her time schedule. 4. By 5:00 the paper will have arrived, and then we will check the time the movie will begin.

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Verbs 1 1. Susanmakes a daily trip to the grocery store. (present tense) 2. Chesterhas studied hard for the test. (present perfect) 3. Claire mentallychecked her time schedule. (past tense) 4. By 5:00 the paperwill have arrived, (future perfect) and then wewill check (future) the time the moviewill begin. (future)

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Verbs 1

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The present participle form of a verb is combined with a form of be to make the progressive form of the verb. Each verb tense has a progressive form: present progressive am counting is counting past progressive was counting were counting future progressive shall be counting will be counting present perfect progressive have been counting has been counting past perfect progressive had been counting future perfect progressive shall have been counting will have been counting

Verbs 1 Examine these sentences and identify the progressive verb form and tense of each verb. Write your answers on a sheet of paper. Then go to the next screen and compare your answers to ours. Of course we know that you can move to the next screen without attempting to answer the questions, but if you are truly trying to learn these concepts, you will try before looking.

English X - Skills 1. We are planning a surprise party. 2. We hope that it will be starting on time. 3. I was just trying to help. 4. He has been working on the plans a long time.

Verbs 1 How did you do? Check your answers with ours. 1. We are planning the surprise party. (present progressive) 2. We hope that it will be starting on time (future progressive) 3. I was just trying to help. (past progressive) 4. He has been working on the plans a long time. (present perfect progressive)

English X - Skills Now let's learn some more about singular and plural verbs. Verbs may change their spelling so they agree in number with their subject. Helping verbs also have this feature. Use the singular form of the verb with the pronouns he, she, and it and with singular nouns. In all present tense verbs, when the subject is singular, add -s or -es to the present tense form of the verb. She sells.

Verbs 1 In the perfect tenses and all the progressive forms, and when the subject is singular, use the singular form of the helping verb (is, was, has, or does). If the subject is plural use do, did, have, had, are, or were. He has (singular) finally finished the test. We are waiting (plural) for the call.

English X - Skills Remember these facts about verbs. 1. All verbs have different forms (spellings) for different uses. 2. All verbs have basic forms called their principal parts: the present, the past, the past participle and the present participle. 3. The time expressed by a verb is called its tense. There are two kinds of tense: simple and perfect.

Verbs 1 4. The tense of the verb sets the time: present: shows present action past: shows past action future: shows action that has not yet happened present perfect: shows an action that started in the past and is continuing now past perfect: shows action that continued in the past future perfect: used to show an action in the future that will be completed in the future

English X - Skills 5. The combination of a form of the helping verb be and the present participle is called the progressive form of the verb. 6. Verbs and helping verbs change their spelling to agree in number with their subject. 7. Regular present tense verbs form their plurals by adding -s or -es. The next two screens show the complete conjugation of a verb. Study this conjugation and apply it to other regular verbs.

Verbs 1 Here is a conjugation of the verb love in singular form:

present I love you love he/she/it loves past I loved you loved he/she/it loved future I will love you will love he/she/it will love present perfect I have loved you have loved he/she/it has loved past perfect I had loved you had loved he/she/it/ had loved future perfect I shall have loved you will have loved he/she/it will have loved present progressive I am loving you are loving he/she/it is loving past progressive I was loving you were loving he/she/it was loving future progressive I shall be loving you will be loving he/she/it will be loving

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present perfect progressive I have been loving you have been loving he/she/it has been loving past perfect progressive I had been loving you had been loving he/she/it had been loving future perfect progressive I shall have been loving you will have been loving he/she/it will have been loving

Verbs 1 Here is a conjugation of the verb love in plural form:

present we love you love they love past we loved you loved they loved future we will love you will love they will love present perfect we have loved you have loved they have loved past perfect we had loved you had loved they had loved future perfect we shall have loved you will have loved they will have loved present progressive we are loving you are loving they are loving past progressive we were loving you were loving they were loving future progressive we shall be loving you will be loving they will be loving

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present perfect progressive we have been loving you have been loving they have been loving past perfect progressive we had been loving you had been loving they had been loving future perfect progressive we shall have been loving you will have been loving they will have been loving

Verbs 1

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