Nutrition and Fertility

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Diet and Nutrition
Proper Eating and Nutrition Diet and Hormones Nutrients and Supplements Dietary Dangers
Proper Eating and Nutrition for Fertility & IVF

Unprocessed, organic food that is not preserved. The simplest way to help ensure you are getting what you need and don't need from your food. Most of the nutrients, vitamins, and minerals we need should come from the food we eat. Although, each person is an individual, therefore the individual needs of each person should be addressed when going through the diet. Lifestyle, metabolism, genetics, geographic location, should all be considered. Western nutrition crossed with the understanding of food energetics (a skill of Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners) should be combined for meeting individual requirements. The quality of food you eat plays a vital role in the optimal functioning of the body, its hormones, and cellular activities. Do not jump on the 'bandwagon' of fad dieting after reading this. The idea is to understand the importance of aquiring the proper nutrition from your food intake, and to avoid the items that you should not have. Living food (fruits, veggies, nuts, seeds) are nutritionally superior to packaged processed foods. If these can be eaten organically, even better. All food is made up of protein, carbs, and fats, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. First thing in the morning, room temperature water is impotant to consume before anything else. Then things simple to digest such as oatmeal. Fruit and yogurt or anything else is best left out of the fridge for a little while so it is not physically so cold, this shocks the digestion. Lunch should be a small high protein meal to trigger a rise in dopamine. Too many carbs will release serotonin and make you sleepy. Supper should include your favorite carbs, this is the proper time to wind down and get sleepy. Try not to eat within 3-4 hours of bedtime. You should sleep better and not retain unwanted calories. Protein repairs and renews cells, transports oxygen and nutrients, produces hormones, helps fight infection, and grow new tissues for muscles, bones, and traumatic injuries. The building blocks of protein, the amino acids, are essential for proper building and functioning of eggs, and reproductive hormones. Men and women both need approx. 60-70 grams of protein per day. Sources include meat, fish, eggs, dairy, lentils, peas, beans, nuts, brown rice, sunflower and pumpkin seeds, and quinoa. Vegetarians must eat more food in general to aquire the daily recommended dose of protein. The supplementation of zinc may also be vital to vegetarians. Spread out your protein consumption throughout the day for best absorption and useage of the essential aminao acids. Do not go overboard with protein, this also can cause problems such as calcium depletion. Fats. Essential Fatty Acids make hormones, transport cholesterol, help reduce inflamation, keep skin healthy, and reduce PMS. Sources include butter, margarine, vegetable oils, milk products, meats, nuts, and seeds. Saturated fats found in meat and dairy products should be kept to a minimum.
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Unsaturated fats found in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and fish, otherwise known as omega 3-6-9, are essential for brain, nervous, immune, cardiovascular, and integumentary (skin) systems development. Good sources are flaxseed oil, pumpkin seeds, evening primrose oil, and fish oils. Carbohydrates. The body's basic fuel source. Sources include whole grains, sugar, syrup, honey, fruits, and vegetables. Stay away from refined flours and sugars, these are nutrient void and spike your bloodsugar causing a crash. Fiber is also an important part of carbohydrate intake. Micronutrients and Phytochemicals. Vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals (bioflavonoids, carotenoids, antioxidants, and phytoestrogens). Enough fruit and veggies in the diet should ensure you are getting enough ofthese vital substances. You cannot get too much of these. Fiber. Less bowel problems, reduced risk of colon and breast cancer, less chance of gall stone formation, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Another reason to add plentiful fruits and veggies to your daily diet plan. Sources. Whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, and legumes. Too much wheat fiber in your diet can rob your body of estrogen, and block the uptake of essential nutrients. Remember that the bowels get rid of old hormones. Water. Second to oxygen, water is the most important nutrient in the body. It makes up 70% of the adult body, 85% of blood, 73% of muscle, 25% of fat, and 22% of bone. It is essential for the proper functioning of every body system, absolutely everything from walking to cellular production. Diuretics such as alcohol, coffee, and tea, raise the already large amount of 1.5 litres that we lose of water each day from sweating, breathing, and urinating. Most people are dehydrated. The implications of this span every process of the body. Dehydration increases the production of choloesterol, which surrounds cells to seal in and conserve water. This traps toxins inside the cells, and inhibits nutrients from entering the cells. The ovaries and testes are of the first organs to have the water cut off from them when stores get low in the body. Increase your intake gradually up to 2 litres per day. Drink filtered water perferably not from plastic bottles.
The Infertility Cure

By Randine Lewis
Fertility & Conception

By Zita West
IVF the A.R.T. of making babies

By Sher, Marriage Davis, Stoess
_______________________________________
Infertility - Men's Health Infertility - Gynecology
Spence Pentland, R.TCMP., DTCM

Spence Pentland is a registered Acupuncturist and Chinese medicine practitioner with the College of Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners and Acupuncturists of BC
Acubalance Wellness Centre Ltd. on West 8th

He practices at Ave. in Vancouver BC Canada. He is committed to Andrology, treating almost exclusively Men's and Women's infertility.
Dr. TCM Lorne Brown is a Doctor of Chinese Medicine with the College of Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners and Acupuncturists of BC He practices at Acubalance Wellness Centre Ltd. on West 8th Ave. in Vancouver BC Canada. Treating Exclusively Women's infertility & gynecology.
Lorne Brown,
Click here for more info on how to contact these practitioners.
_______________________________________
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Diet and Hormones for Fertility & IVF

Eating a healthy diet and maintaining a healthy body weight will optimize your chances of conception by supporting your body and its hormonal functioning. Your nutrient levels and how well your digestion is functioning is a huge determinant of hormonal balancing in your body. Essential Fatty Acids and nutrients such as vitamin A, B6, zinc, magnesium, and antioxidants are key factors to hormonal balance and therefore fertility. The body has to expend valuable energy (that could be used within reproductive processes) when it is saturated with junk food and all the liver stressing elements that come with it. The body then works to detoxify, not reproduce. Enough fiber and optimal liver function are important because once hormones have completed their function, they are processed by the liver and put back into the digestive tract to be eliminated. A Liver Detox before beginning any fertility programs is usually a good idea. Food sensitivities are also important to be determined, they effect digestion and will ultimately decrease your absorption of vital nutrients, and therefore compromise your hormone balance. Most people already know if they are allergic to things such as peanuts and shellfish, but other commonly eaten foods such as dairy and wheat products cause problems without people knowing. Eliminate or at least limit greatly your comsumption of milk, cheese, cream, sour cream, bread, pastas, and flour. After a couple of weeks, once the cravings for these items is waning, reassess how you are feeling, your energy levels, headaches, libido, bowel habits, etc.. If you feel a lot better than usual, it is almost certain that you are sensitive to these foods. It is also recommended strongly, if you are a meat eater, to make the switch to organic. The growth hormones (i.e. testosterone) in commercial meats wreak havoc on your hormonal balance.
Nutrients and Supplements for Fertility & IVF

Modern farming practices, your diet, and your lifestyle, may require that you supplement with certain nutrients to optimize fertility. Consult someone who understands, or can test for deficiencies, so a tailored program can be set out for you.
Amino Acids
The building blocks of life. Necessary for egg and sperm production. Some healthcare practitioners will prescribe amino acids such as l-arginine to enhance fertility. Sources: protein foods such as meat, fish, eggs, dairy, lentils, peas, beans, nuts, brown rice, sunflower and pumpkin seeds, and quinoa.
Vitamin A
Essential for the production of female sex hormones. It has antioxidant qualities which protects cells against damage from free radicals in the body. It also is important for the developing embryo. Retinol (the version of vitamin A found in liver) has been linked to fetal abnormalities. Sources: eggs, yellow fruits and vegetables, whole milk and milk products, dark green leafy veggies, and fish oils. Dosage: RDA 2565 IU for pregnant women.
Beta Carotene is a pigment in plants that is converted into vitamin A. The corpus luteum is very high in beta carotene, so it
may be cardinal in the regulation of the reproductive cycle hormones. Sources: peas, broccoli, carrots, spinach, and sweet potatoes.
Vitamin B1 (thiamin)
Needed for ovulation and implantation. Sources: molasses, brewer's yeast, whole grains, nuts, brown rice, organ and other meats, egg yolks, fish, poultry, legumes, and seeds. Dosage: RNI 0.8 mg per day (women)
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Deficiencies are linked to sterility, miscarriage, and low birth weight. The liver uses B2 to clear away old used hormones (estrogen and progesterone). If these are not excreted, the body thinks there is enough and less production happens, resulting in hormone deficiencies. Sources: molasses, brewer's yeast, whole grains, nuts, brown rice, organ and other meats, egg yolks, fish, poultry, legumes, and seeds. Dosage: RNI 1.1 mg per day (women)
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)

Important for fetal development. Sources: molasses, brewer's yeast, whole grains, nuts, brown rice, organ and other meats, egg yolks, fish, poultry, legumes, seeds, wheat germ, salmon, sweet potatoes, broccoli, oranges, cashews, pecans, and strawberries. Dosage: RNI 3-7 mg per day (adults)
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Together with zinc, B6 is essential for the formation of female sex hormones and the proper functioning of estrogen and progesterone. A deficiency causes the ovaries to shut down production of progesterone which leads to estrogen dominance. B6 is used to treat luteal phase defects because of it encourages the production of progesterone. It also has shown to improve fertility rates if taken over a 6 month period. Sources: molasses, brewer's yeast, whole grains, nuts, brown rice, organ and other meats, egg yolks, fish, poultry, legumes, seeds, and green leafy veggies. Dosage: RNI 1.2 mg per day, but up to 50 mg may be used per day. Note: Zinc is needed for its absorption.
Vitamin B12
Folate and B12 are needed for the synthesis of DNA and RNA. These make up the blueprint for the genetic code of the entire body. Sources: lamb, sardines, salmon, fermented foods that contain bacteria. Calcium aids in its absorption. Dosage: RNI from 1.5 to 50 mcg per day.
Folate (folic acid)

This should be taken for at least 3 months before conception, and 2 months after. It reduces the risk of neural-tube damage (brain and spinal cord) in the developing embryo. Vitamin C aids in absorption. The contraceptive pill depletes stores of folate. Sources: dark green leafy veggies, broccoli, organ meats, brewer's yeast, root vegetables, whole grains, oysters, salmon, milk, legumes, asparagus, oatmeal, dried figs, and avacados. Dosage: RNI 200 mcg per day (women)
Vitamin C
An antioxidant that prevents damage from free radicals. Too high a dose (over 1000 mg per day) may dry cervical mucus. Sources: citrus fruits, rosehips, cherries, sprouted alfalfa seeds, cantaloupe, strawberries, broccoli, tomatoes, sweet peppers, black currants, mangos, grapes, kiwi fruit, pineapples, asparagus, peas, potatoes, parsely, watercress, and spinach. Dosage: 500 mg per day.
Vitamin E
Deficiency may cause miscarriage. Taken with vitamin C may improve ovulation. Taken with vitamin C and selenium creates a healthy endometrium. Vitamin E has anticoagulant properties, so caution if taking blood thinners. Sources: cold pressed oils, wheat germ, organ meats, molasses, eggs, sweet potatoes, leafy veggies, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and avacados. Dosage: 400 IU per day
Iron
Iron helps prevent miscarriage. Tea, coffee, and tobacco all inhibit the absorption of iron. Sources: organ meats, lean meat, eggs, fish, poultry, molasses, cherries, dried fruits, prunes, green leafy veggies, kelp,
spinach, parsley, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, broccoli, oatmeal, sardines, and nuts. Dosage: 20 mg per day (only take if you have tested positive for deficiency)
Magnesium
We need B1 and magnesium for energy production. Take with selenium, calcium, vitamin B6, and D to aid in absorption. Take with protein foods. Alcohol, tea, coffee, and smoking inhibit absorption. Sources: kelp, green leafy veggies, tofu, legumes, rye, buckwheat, millet, molasses, brown rice, bananas, dried figs, dried apricots, nuts, barley, seafood, and whole grains. Dosage: up to 400 mg per day
Selenium
Deficiency may cause infertility and an increased risk of miscarriage. Sources: tuna, herring, brewer's yeast, wheat germ and bran, whole grains, and sesame seeds. Dosage: 200mcg per day
Manganese
Deficiency may lead to defecive ovulation, and inhibit the synthesis of sex hormones. Manganese competes with iron for absorption. It is advisable to take manganese supplements with protein foods and vitamin C. Sources: whole grains, green leafy veggies, carrots, broccoli, ginger, legumes, nuts, pineapples, eggs, oats, and rye. Dosage: RNI 1.4 mg per day
Zinc
Deficiencies of Zinc are quite common. Zinc is important for the cell division in the fetus, producing good quality eggs, and maintaining the menstrual cycle. Alcohol and the contraceptive pill deplete zinc in the body. Folic acid, tea, coffee, high fiber intake, and iron may inhibit absorption. Vitamin B6 and C may aid absorption. Sources: lean meat, fish, seafood, chicken, eggs, pumpkin and sunflower seeds, rye, oats, whole grains, legumes, ginger, parsley, mushrooms, brewer's yeast, and wheat germ. Dosage: RNI 7 mg per day (women), up to 30 mg may be recommended.
Coenzyme Q10
Important for energy production. Levels of CoQ10 are lower in a woman who has experienced a recent miscarriage. ICSI fertilization rates may rise when taking this supplement. It also improves blood flow. Dosage: talk to your healthcare professional.
Essential Fatty Acids

Very important to take when trying to concieve . EFA's act as hormone regulators. Omega-3 DHA and Omega-6 arachidonic acid are important structural elements of cell membranes, body tissue, and brain development in the fetus. Start taking EFA's at least 3 months before you try to get pregnant. Sources: Omega-3; flaxseed, oily fish, walnuts, green leafy veggies, and tuna (not more than 150g/week). Sources: Omega-6; seeds and their oils. Dosage: 700-1000mg per day. Note: be careful if you are currently taking blood thinning medication.
Dietary Dangers for Fertility & IVF

Pyrolysis. A process that occurs when proteins are cooked at high temperatures in unsaturated fats. This adversely affexts eggs and the fenetic material they contain. So stick to poaching and braising using olive oil.
Sufficient levels of vitamin A, B1, B2, B5, B6, B12, C, folate, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and essential fatty acids help protect against mutagens that may cause damage. Vitamin A, C, E, are potent in the difestive tract and continue their action in the blood and around cell membranes. They are antioxidants and help to limit damage by pollutants. An excess of vitamin A however can cause birth defects, so the recommended daily dosage is under 3000 IU. Calcium, magnesium, selenium, and zinc are powerful antimutagens and reduce uptake of aluminm, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Green Tea contains substances known as catechins that are powerful antimutagens. Cholorella is considered to be an exceptionally broad spectrum antimutagen supplement. A freshwater algae that is a rich source of nutrients, chlorella binds to heaby metals and chemicals that have accumulated in the body. Cilantro is a powerful heavy metal detoxifier, as well as pectin-rich foods such as apples, pears, and bananas. Dietary fiber from friut, veggies, whole grains, oat bran, and legumes helps in the excretion of toxins from the body. Avoid wheat bran because it can block mineral absorption.
Low protein levels in the body create a situation where the production of DNA is impeded. Amino acids from protein are the essential building blocks of life. Protein intake is shown to be most important around ovulation, and up to the end of the first trimester. Flavorings and additives appear in many prepared foods and drinks. Many dried fruits are sulfured. Salt additives in theory are not so bad but the amount used to preserve food plays a role in the upset of hormonal balances.
Aspartame (click for shocking article on aspartame) is likely to be found in any sweetener you put in your drink.
Anything labeled 'diet' or 'sugar free', any gum or breath freshener, all will have aspartame as a sweetener. When the temperature of aspartame exceeds 30 degrees centigrade (86 F), which the body acomplishes quite quickly once it is ingested, the wood alcohol in it converts to formaldahyde (a poison used to preserve body parts) and then to formic acid which is even more toxic. Aspartame may cause miscarriage because it makes the body have an immune reation to it, which can destroy the fetus. MSG (monosodium glutamate) is found in a lot of food in Chinese or Mexican restaurants, or prepared foods. It has been shown to cause infertility in animals. It is also in chips, meat seasonings, and soups.
During your Pregnancy

It is extremely important to avoid certain foods that you may have enjoyed pre-pregnancy. This is because many foods either contain harmful bacteria or environmental pollutants that negatively affect your baby. Listeria, salmonella, E. Coli and methyl mercury poisoning are among these harmful elements. Be sure to post a copy of our complete guide of foods to avoid during pregnancy on your refrigerator! Lastly, poor food safety preparation can also mean exposure to harmful substances.
Unpasteurized Products : Listeria

Unpasteurized products are made from raw milk; if the milk process was not performed properly and the milk is 'dirty', then it may be infected with listeria. It is therefore advised that pregnant women not consume the following unpasteurized products: - raw milk - soft cheeses : feta goat cheese, brie, camembert - Mexican-style cheeses : queso blanco and queso fresco - unpasteurized juice Listeria is a serious threat: it has been responsible for 2,500 illnesses and up to 500 deaths a year. Some studies estimate that 30% of those deaths involve pregnant women and their fetuses. Listeriosis can cause miscarriage or premature birth. While 'dirty' milk may be contaminated with listeria, there are many advocates of the health benefits of Grade A Certified raw milk. Talk to your doctor to find out more about the benefits of unpasteurized milk.
Raw Eggs : Salmonella

Any dish containing raw eggs is infected with Salmonella. Avoid: - raw eggs - Caesar dressing - egg nog (unpasteurized) - Hollandaise sauce - cookie batter - homemade ice cream
Undercooked Meats : Salmonella, E. Coli, Toxoplasmosis

Pregnant women should avoid all undercooked meats. Remember to take precautions when preparing meats: make sure your steak has an internal temperature of 170 degrees Fahrenheit and heat hamburger and pork to 160 degrees Fahrenheit. Avoid: - deli meats - sushi - pates - hot dogs - raw seafood, especially shellfish - undercooked chicken or meat Hot dogs can be especially harmful, and have even been found to increase the risk of leukemia in children if eaten more than once a month.
Aspartame Aspartame is a sweetener made by Monsanto found in many diet foods and available in packets to sweeten
your foods. Be advised that aspartame has been linked to cancer as well as neuro- and immunotoxicity due to long term ingestion. Because of aspartame's bad press, Monsanto has come up with a new sweetener, Neotame. Neotame has not been sufficiently tested and is thought to be more toxic than its predecessor, aspartame; it contains carcinogenic ingredients, such as formeldahyde. Because aspartame contains phenylalanine, it can be toxic for certain children. Make sure the foods you eat do not contain artificial sweeteners. When sweetening foods, opt for natural sweeteners like honey or fruit juice.
Certain Fish : Methyl Mercury

Fish is an excellent source of Omega-3 fatty acids, integral in the development of your baby's brain and vision. Yet, because of coal plant pollution, most of the world's fish population is contaminated with methyl mercury. Methyl mercury is a neurotoxin and causes neurological damage, developmental delays and learning deficits. Although the FDA has issued warnings on certain fish species, the US Public Interest Research Group (USPIRG) states that independent studies have shown a need for more rigorous limitation of certain fish species. safe - wild pacific salmon - farm-raised trout - farm-raised catfish - fish sticks - summer flounder - croaker - mid-Atlantic blue crab - haddock restricted consumption - canned tuna - mahi mahi - eastern oyster - blue crab from the Gulf of Mexico - lake whitefish - blue mussels - cod - pollock dangerous - shark - swordfish - sea bass - tilefish - tuna steaks Trying to get enough uncontaminated fish in your diet is understandable difficult; using a mercury calculator will help you figure how much mercury you're ingesting with your fish. You can also get other sources of the nutrients found in fish. You may want to make up for Omega-3s by eating crushed flaxseed with your breakfast or snacking on walnuts. While flaxseed and walnuts have about a fifth of the Omega-3s, it may be the safer option until pressure is put on industries that contaminate our waters. Pregnancy diets deficient in Omega-3s will result in children with behavioral problems and abnormal vision.
Farm-Raised Fish : PCBs

As if you didn't already have enough on your plate. Fish farming raises a number of health and environmental concerns. Farm-raised fish have significantly higher levels of PCBs, or polychlorinated biphenyls, for a number of reasons. Because PCBs embed themselves in fat, 'fatter' farm-raised fish are rich in this cancer-causing toxin. And while you may think the nutrients of fish even out the dangerous effects of PCBs, farm-raised fish are considerably less nutritious than their wild counterparts. This is because farm-raised fish don't have the opportunity to fulfill their natural and healthy diets. Therefore, stay away from farm-raised fish at the supermarket; farm-salmon is typically labeled "Atlantic" or "Icelandic", while wild salmon is named "Alaskan" or simply "Wild". Be sure to ask your fishmonger what waters your fish comes from.
Food Allergies
If you or your family has a history of food allergies, it is advised that you stay away from peanuts and products that may contain traces of peanuts. Your fetus can be exposed to food allergens and may develop peanut allergy if he has a predisposition.
Food Preparation Tips

Even food preparation needs to be handled carefully as improper handling of food can lead to infection or disease. Here are some tips to help you in the kitchen: - avoid dented cans or jars that leak or don't 'pop' when you open them - completely defrost foods, especially meats, prior to cooking; thaw foods in the refrigerator or in a plastic bag submerged in cold water; never thaw foods at room temperature. - do not freeze anything that has been defrosted - reheat food only once, then toss it - when food shopping, avoid fish, meat and eggs that are not well refrigerated or kept on ice - always wash your hands after preparing food, between foods and after the restoom
- avoid contaminating foods with each other - wash raw vegetables thoroughly, as unwashed vegetables can harbor toxoplasmosis
Common Cooking Herbs

The following may encourage miscarriage (if used in therapeutic dosages): Basil, Caraway seeds, Celery seeds, Ginger, fresh Horseradish, Savory, Marjoram, Nutmeg, Rosemary, Saffron, Sage, Parsley, Tarragon, Thyme, Watercress. Note: amounts commonly used with the preparation of food are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) . For more information on things to avoid go to...
Things to Avoid!
Are You Really Ready For This???

Age The older you become, the less fertile you will be. If you have reached the age of 35 (women) and have been attempting to concieve for more than 6 months, it is suggested that you go for fertility testing. Weight Overweight or underweight, these both can cause problems for fertility. Seeking the help of qualified nutritionists and doctors is necessary. It is important to figure out if there are underlying health conditions that could be causing your weight issues (i.e. thyroid problems). Contraceptive history IUD's for example have been linked to pelvic inflamatory disease. Also, women react quite differently to coming off the 'pill'. Menstrual history If your cycle is short or long, menses irregular, heavy, or painful, this may point to endometriosis, fibroids, or other medical conditions. Sexual history First of all, you and your partner need to be having regular sex in order to concieve, less than 2 times per week may not be sufficient to get pregnant. Painful intercourse may suggest endometriosis. Lubricants used during sex may be inhibiting the movement of the sperm. STD's may also be playing a major role. General health Get regular pap smears. Stop smoking, drinking, doing drugs, exercising excessively, and getting poor sleep. Family history Are there problems with your family that may be an issue, genetic abnormal hormone conditions may be involved. Previous Medical Conditions Operations on the lower abdomen, thyroid, and pituitary glands, anemia, cancer, medication, among other possibilities should be checked into. Pregnancy history Miscarriages can damage reproductive organs, although, a prior pregnancy is a good sign that you can concieve.
State of Mind
Inform yourself. Get to know what you need to do to increase your chances of conception. Both partners must be involved in this process, it takes two to make a baby. Eat well, take the necessary supplements, improve your lifestyle, and most of all enjoy the love you share, that is of utmost importance to create another human life. Don't worry about what other people think about the changes you are making, friends will note things that you may have wanted to keep secret for now. You will also start to notice everyone else getting pregnant. Try not to get fixated on this. The same happens when you buy a new car, suddenly you see them everywhere. Try to not lose your sense of humor. Do not isoloate yourself socially. Stay an active part of your community, everybody needs to have purpose. Infertility can be very tough on a relationship. Keep doing things together, stay romantic, do not let sex get too systematized. Remember that this is the person you loved enough to decide to have babies with. Do not force your viewpoints onto each other too strongly. Be gentle, on step at a time. Relax, breath, enjoy life, and have wonderful sex!
Hormones: keeping the balance

Hormones are chemical messengers, made in special glands or in the brain, that are carried around in the bloodstream to various parts of the body, where they have an effect on the functioning of organs and body processes. As far as reproduction goes, the ovaries, uterus, breasts, and testes, are the important organs that are regulated by our hormones. Too
little estrogen, too little estrogen, too little progesterone, too many male hormones, and cortisol deficiencies, are all common problems with reproductive
hormones. More information on the specific hormones and their functions within the reproductive cycle can be found in our Reproductive
Anatomy & Physiology section. control,
Our endocrine system, which regulates our hormones, is therefore of vital importance to the reproductive health of both men and women. Proper eating habits, avoiding certain things , and weight are some areas which should be given attention when conception, or health in general is your goal.
Many medical conditions can also adversely affect the hormonal balance, i.e. thyroid conditions, diabetes, and
endometriosis , just to name a couple common contributors to infertility.

If you think you are experiencing signs and symptoms of hormonal deficiencies or imbalances, become informed, research your situation, and consult your doctor.

Weight and Hormonal Balance

You probably know if you have issues with being overweight. If you think you may have an eating disorder, consult a counsellor that specializes in this area. Being underweight is also a problem for women trying to concieve. Fat cells continually release estrogen, which suppresses the pituitary gland and therefore the release of follicle stimulating hormone, in turn making it difficult for the body to reach a state where ovulation can occur. Being overweight obviously can effect fertility. Too little fat cells in the body (being more than 15% underweight) causes estrogen levels to drop and cause intermittent menstruation, or an altogether stopping of the menses. This may also effect the quality of cervical mucus.
Find your ideal weight. Do not go on any intense diets to gain or lose weight, this will throw the body further out of balance. Consult your healthcare professional to discuss your options.
Too Little Estrogen

The years leading up to menopause show a decrease in estrogen levels. Estrogen deficiencies also arise when estrogen is leached from the body via a diet too rich in wheat fober, or if not enough estrogen is recycled by the bowels or liver. It may also be caused by low body weight, vitamin A deficiency, too much exercise, smoking, taking antibiotics, or being on the contraceptive pill for too long. Symptoms: (Yin vacuity), irregular menses, vaginal dryness, painful intercourse, hot flashes, night sweats, bladder infections, dry skin, lethargy and depression, and signs of premature aging such as memory loss. Solutions: eating phytoestrogen rich foods and herbs (legumes, alfalfa sprouts, flax seeds, oats, hops, fennel, parsley, cabbage, brussels sprouts, broccoli, cherries, and soy), and B vitamins which contain PABA that stimulates the pituitary to produce estrogen.
Too Much Estrogen

Environmental estrogens are found in pesticides, plastics, and PCB's (chemical pollutants in the water, air, and soil). These forms of estrogen are thought to have a major influence on the excessive amounts of estrogen that are being found in both men and women. Poor diet, with too much refined carbohydrate and saturated animal fat and too little fiber is also responsible. Eat more high fiber foods (except wheat bran) to prevent excess reuptake of estrogen by the bowel. Organic food reduces your exposure to pesticides, antibiotics, and growth hormones. Too much fat tissue increases your body's ability to convert male hormones into estrogen. Stress also plays a major role in your liver and digestive system removing excess estrogen. Symptoms: (Yin excess), puffiness and bloating, water retention, rapid weight gain, breast tenderness, heavy bleeding, mood swings (anxiety, depression, weepiness), sleep problems, migraines, flushed face, low libido, foggy thinking, and high levels of copper in the system. Later, endometriosis, fibroids, gall bladder problems, poor blood sugar control, and hypothyroid conditions may arise. Symptoms in Men: hair loss, headaches, bloating, weight gain, prostate enlargement, irritability, and breat enlargement. Solutions: low fat high fiber diet, live yogurt (encourage excretion of estrogen), eating cabbage family veggies increases the rate at which the liver converts estrogen into a water-soluble form that can be excreted, increase protein intake to improve estrogen metabolism in the liver, vitamin B6 reduces the effects of excess estrogen, more exercise, less stress, and lose weight.
Too Little Progesterone

Progesterone is used to produce three different types of estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, and aldosterone. It helps control water balance, the use of fat for energy, proper thyroid function, and is a natural antidepressant. This is the most common hormone to be deficient in all women. When ovulation fails (due to perimenopause or other reasons) progesterone is not produced in the luteal phase (second half of cycle), or it is not produced long enough to sustain implantation. This can happen after using the pill too long, having a miscarriage, or breastfeeding. This is called a luteal phase defect. The luteal phase should be at least 10 days for pregnancy to occur. Progesterone maintains a pregnancy in the beginning, so a deficiency may cause miscarrige. Women with PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome), faulty secretion of other hormones such as FSH, LH, or prolactin, endometriosis, and menstrual irregularities, may have a progesterone deficiency. Symptoms: painful or lumpy breasts, headaches at a certain time of the cycle, anxiety, irritability, sleeping problems, unexplained weight gain, PMS, bleeding between periods, and reduced libido. Solutions: the controversial progesterone therapy, natural progesterone cream, vitamin B6, E, magnesium, and evening primrose oil, vitex agnuscastus (man jing zi, chasteberry), reducing stress, less exercise, and increasing low body weight.
Too Many Male Hormones

Excess androgens can affect both men and women. In women this is usually a result of PCOS, a poor diet that includes a lot of sugar, refined foods, and simple carbohydrates. Adrenal disorders, anabolic steroid use, corticosteroids, and obesity can also cause this. Symptoms: acne, ovarian cysts, excess body hair, unstable blood sugar levels, thinning hair on the head, mid-cycle pain, and erratic menses. Solutions: high fiber vegetarian diet that is low in saturated fats and high in phytoestrogens.
Cortisol Deficiency
Long term low level stress and/or poor nutrition fatigue the adrenals which causes a cortisol deficiency. This stress hormone competes with progesterone for receptor sites, leading to a condition of estrogen dominance and less active progesterone. Symptoms: (Kidney vacuity), unstable blood sugar levels, extreme tiredness, allergies, candida, fatigue, insomnia, PMS, loss of libido, weak immune system (frequent colds), low blood pressure, alcohol intolerance, chronic fatigue, weak muscles, depression, and headaches. Solutions: reduce intake of stimulants such as sugar, caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol, healthy diet, relaxation, meditation, yoga, and Chinese herbal medicine.
Coping with Stress

Stress is our body's response to anything that 'stresses it out!' Fight or flight is the hormonal response from the body in times of stress, epinephrine and other hormones are what gives that 'buzz' associated with not being in a relaxed state. Fight or flight (stress) interferes with other hormone production, increases heart rate and blood pressure, constricts blood vessels (difficult to make sperm, and to achieve full erection), and releases excess sugar into the blood. Unable to 'switch off' is the most common stress we see in the modern world. Working long hours, more expected at the job, tougher to get by, poor eating habits, lack of sleep, too much alcohol, not enough water, another coffee?, traffic, money. Over time this leads to fatigue, and various medical conditions. Most of the body's energy is going into simple survival, not reproduction. Stress inhibits digestion and uptake of essential nutrients, induces heartburn, lowers sex drive, the immune system is considerably compromised, blood pressure goes up, people gain weight, memory suffers, dopamine becomes deficiency and depression may follow, and chronic fatigue may set in. Stress releases sugar into the blood. The pancreas secretes insulin to make that sugar usable by our cells. The blood sugar levels rise and drop. This can create a situation called hypoglycemia. Extreme hunger and mood swings are cardinal. Stress creates and overabundance of prolactin which may interfere with ovulation. Menstruation may become irregular, and the luteal phase of the cycle can become defective. Stress lowers sperm volume and numbers, and increases abnormal morphology rates. Dealing with Stress You need to develop strategies and techniques to deal with and reduce stress in your life. Remember, anything you practice you will improve at, now is the time to start practicing stress management. Find out what stresses you and write them down. The first step is recognition. When a situation arises that normally stresses you out, you will start to recongnize it, and the opportunity to install different reactions to the same situations shows itself. Try to cut back on work, put more energy into your relationship. Some things to look into and try are the following: (educate yourself, get proactive, stress management may be the single most important aspect to winning the battle of infertility)
- Exercise lightly and regularly, something you enjoy doing. - Massage
- Deep breathing techniques (Qigong) - Visualization (Qigong) - Meditation (Qigong) - Aromatherapy - Bach flower remedies (as your healthcare professional about these)
Make sure sleep is plentiful. If you have trouble sleeping, try these few ideas to help:
- get up at same time every day regardless of when you got to sleep, this establishes a cycle. - go to bed at the same time each night. - keep the bedroom dark, quiet, and cool. - keep anything stressful out of the bedroom (computers, work related items, etc.) - limit daytime napping. - massage the bottom of your feet while lying in bed - take hot baths in the evening with a few drops of lavender essential oil in the water. - eat supper before 7pm. - avoid caffeine after noon. - get fresh air and exercise. - seek counsel with issues that may be keeping you awake. - do not work after dinner. - read something pleasant in the evening.
Things to Avoid
Mutagens are substances and pollutants that you may be exposed to every day. These substances do damage on the genetic levels (sperm, egg, and embryo). Caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, recreational
drugs, medical drugs, dietary mutagens, and environmental hazzards, are what you should look out for. Also check out other misc. things to avoid. Dietary Mutagens for Fertility & IVF
Pyrolysis. A process that occurs when proteins are cooked at high temperatures in unsaturated fats. This adversely affexts eggs and the fenetic material they contain. So stick to poaching and braising using olive oil.
Sufficient levels of vitamin A, B1, B2, B5, B6, B12, C, folate, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and essential fatty acids help protect against mutagens that may cause damage. Vitamin A, C, E, are potent in the difestive tract and continue their action in the blood and around cell membranes. They are antioxidants and help to limit damage by pollutants. An excess of vitamin A however can cause birth defects, so the recommended daily dosage is under 3000 IU. Calcium, magnesium, selenium, and zinc are powerful antimutagens and reduce uptake of aluminm, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Green Tea contains substances known as catechins that are powerful antimutagens. Cholorella is considered to be an exceptionally broad spectrum antimutagen supplement. A freshwater algae that is a rich source of nutrients, chlorella binds to heaby metals and chemicals that have accumulated in the body. Cilantro is a powerful heavy metal detoxifier, as well as pectin-rich foods such as apples, pears, and bananas. Dietary fiber from friut, veggies, whole grains, oat bran, and legumes helps in the excretion of toxins from the body. Avoid wheat bran because it can block mineral absorption.
Low protein levels in the body create a situation where the production of DNA is impeded. Amino acids from protein are the essential building blocks of life. Protein intake is shown to be most important around ovulation, and up to the end of the first trimester. Flavorings and additives appear in many prepared foods and drinks. Many dried fruits are sulfured. Salt additives in theory are not so bad but the amount used to preserve food plays a role in the upset of hormonal balances.
Aspartame (click for shocking article on aspartame) is likely to be found in any sweetener you put in your drink.
Anything labeled 'diet' or 'sugar free', any gum or breath freshener, all will have aspartame as a sweetener. When the temperature of aspartame exceeds 30 degrees centigrade (86 F), which the body acomplishes quite quickly once it is ingested, the wood alcohol in it converts to formaldahyde (a poison used to preserve body parts) and then to formic acid which is even more toxic. Aspartame may cause miscarriage because it makes the body have an immune reation to it, which can destroy the fetus.
MSG (monosodium glutamate) is found in a lot of food in Chinese or Mexican restaurants, or prepared foods. It has been shown to cause infertility in animals. It is also in chips, meat seasonings, and soups.
During your Pregnancy

It is extremely important to avoid certain foods that you may have enjoyed pre-pregnancy. This is because many foods either contain harmful bacteria or environmental pollutants that negatively affect your baby. Listeria, salmonella, E. Coli and methyl mercury poisoning are among these harmful elements. Be sure to post a copy of our complete guide of foods to avoid during pregnancy on your refrigerator! Lastly, poor food safety preparation can also mean exposure to harmful substances.
Unpasteurized Products : Listeria

Unpasteurized products are made from raw milk; if the milk process was not performed properly and the milk is 'dirty', then it may be infected with listeria. It is therefore advised that pregnant women not consume the following unpasteurized products: - raw milk - soft cheeses : feta goat cheese, brie, camembert - Mexican-style cheeses : queso blanco and queso fresco - unpasteurized juice Listeria is a serious threat: it has been responsible for 2,500 illnesses and up to 500 deaths a year. Some studies estimate that 30% of those deaths involve pregnant women and their fetuses. Listeriosis can cause miscarriage or premature birth. While 'dirty' milk may be contaminated with listeria, there are many advocates of the health benefits of Grade A Certified raw milk. Talk to your doctor to find out more about the benefits of unpasteurized milk.
Raw Eggs : Salmonella

Any dish containing raw eggs is infected with Salmonella. Avoid: - raw eggs - Caesar dressing - egg nog (unpasteurized) - Hollandaise sauce - cookie batter - homemade ice cream
Undercooked Meats : Salmonella, E. Coli, Toxoplasmosis

Pregnant women should avoid all undercooked meats. Remember to take precautions when preparing meats: make sure your steak has an internal temperature of 170 degrees Fahrenheit and heat hamburger and pork to 160 degrees Fahrenheit. Avoid: - deli meats - sushi - pates - hot dogs - raw seafood, especially shellfish - undercooked chicken or meat Hot dogs can be especially harmful, and have even been found to increase the risk of leukemia in children if eaten more than once a month.
Aspartame Aspartame is a sweetener made by Monsanto found in many diet foods and available in packets to sweeten
your foods. Be advised that aspartame has been linked to cancer as well as neuro- and immunotoxicity due to long term ingestion. Because of aspartame's bad press, Monsanto has come up with a new sweetener, Neotame. Neotame has not been sufficiently tested and is thought to be more toxic than its predecessor, aspartame; it contains carcinogenic ingredients, such as formeldahyde. Because aspartame contains phenylalanine, it can be toxic for certain children. Make sure the foods you eat do not contain artificial sweeteners. When sweetening foods, opt for natural sweeteners like honey or fruit juice.
Certain Fish : Methyl Mercury

Fish is an excellent source of Omega-3 fatty acids, integral in the development of your baby's brain and vision. Yet, because of coal plant pollution, most of the world's fish population is contaminated with methyl mercury. Methyl mercury is a neurotoxin and causes neurological damage, developmental delays and learning deficits. Although the FDA has issued warnings on certain fish species, the US Public Interest Research Group (USPIRG) states that
independent studies have shown a need for more rigorous limitation of certain fish species. safe - wild pacific salmon - farm-raised trout - farm-raised catfish - fish sticks - summer flounder - croaker - mid-Atlantic blue crab - haddock restricted consumption - canned tuna - mahi mahi - eastern oyster - blue crab from the Gulf of Mexico - lake whitefish - blue mussels - cod - pollock dangerous - shark - swordfish - sea bass - tilefish - tuna steaks Trying to get enough uncontaminated fish in your diet is understandable difficult; using a mercury calculator will help you figure how much mercury you're ingesting with your fish. You can also get other sources of the nutrients found in fish. You may want to make up for Omega-3s by eating crushed flaxseed with your breakfast or snacking on walnuts. While flaxseed and walnuts have about a fifth of the Omega-3s, it may be the safer option until pressure is put on industries that contaminate our waters. Pregnancy diets deficient in Omega-3s will result in children with behavioral problems and abnormal vision.
Farm-Raised Fish : PCBs

As if you didn't already have enough on your plate. Fish farming raises a number of health and environmental concerns. Farm-raised fish have significantly higher levels of PCBs, or polychlorinated biphenyls, for a number of reasons. Because PCBs embed themselves in fat, 'fatter' farm-raised fish are rich in this cancer-causing toxin. And while you may think the nutrients of fish even out the dangerous effects of PCBs, farm-raised fish are considerably less nutritious than their wild counterparts. This is because farm-raised fish don't have the opportunity to fulfill their natural and healthy diets. Therefore, stay away from farm-raised fish at the supermarket; farm-salmon is typically labeled "Atlantic" or "Icelandic", while wild salmon is named "Alaskan" or simply "Wild". Be sure to ask your fishmonger what waters your fish comes from.
Food Allergies
If you or your family has a history of food allergies, it is advised that you stay away from peanuts and products that may contain traces of peanuts. Your fetus can be exposed to food allergens and may develop peanut allergy if he has a predisposition.
Food Preparation Tips

Even food preparation needs to be handled carefully as improper handling of food can lead to infection or disease. Here are some tips to help you in the kitchen: - avoid dented cans or jars that leak or don't 'pop' when you open them - completely defrost foods, especially meats, prior to cooking; thaw foods in the refrigerator or in a plastic bag submerged in cold water; never thaw foods at room temperature. - do not freeze anything that has been defrosted - reheat food only once, then toss it - when food shopping, avoid fish, meat and eggs that are not well refrigerated or kept on ice - always wash your hands after preparing food, between foods and after the restoom - avoid contaminating foods with each other - wash raw vegetables thoroughly, as unwashed vegetables can harbor toxoplasmosis
Common Cooking Herbs
The following may encourage miscarriage (if used in therapeutic dosages): Basil, Caraway seeds, Celery seeds, Ginger, fresh Horseradish, Savory, Marjoram, Nutmeg, Rosemary, Saffron, Sage, Parsley, Tarragon, Thyme, Watercress. Note: amounts commonly used with the preparation of food are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) .
Caffeine
Dehydrates, leeches minerals, and produces cortisol which competes for progesterone receptor sites causing deficiency. Particularly during the luteal phase, caffeine is processed more slowly. It is been said that drinking 2-3 cups of coffee per day can increase your time to concieve by 50%! It also increases the risk of miscarriage, low birth weight, and pre-eclampsia. If males drink a lot of coffee prior to conception, the chance of premature birth is raised. Stick to green tea is a little fix is needed.
Smoking
Zinc, selenium, and vitamin C are fators which are impeded in a smoker. It also increases the levels of cadmium and lead in the blood. Commercial tobacco contains at least 30 different chemicals that can adversely effect fertility. Smokers are more likely to be infertile, have lower estrogen and progesterone levels, a poor LH surge (causing irregular menses and ovulation), take longer to concieve, increased risk of miscarriage, bleed during pregnancy, low birth weight babies, thinner linings during IVF, earlier menopause, decreased sperm count, less motile sperm, more abnormal sperm, reduced testosterone, babies with congenital abnormalities and asthma. These conditions are somewhat dependant on the amount of cigarettes smoked.
Alcohol
Giving up alcohol completely is the best choice for fertility. It reduces the absorption of zinc and B6, increase the amounts of cadmium and lead in the blood, increase the excretion of folic acid, cause male impotence, 80% of alcoholics are sterile, cause chromosomal abnormalities in the sperm, atrophy of the tubes that carry semen, decreased sperm concentration, output, and motility, poor formation of sperm tails, increased sperm abnormalities, lowered testosterone levels, and damages the livers ability to process estrogen leading to accumulation which depresses sperm production. Gin and tonics contain antimalarial drugs and should be avoided completely.
Recreational Drugs
Cocaine affexts the brains mechanisms for releasing reproductive hormones. It adversely affects the fallopian tubes, causes birth defects, binds to the sperm affecting motility and penetration of the egg. Marijuana. The chemical THC is structured similarly to testosterone, it fills the receptor sites where testosterone needs to attach. It is shown to accumulate in the ovaries and testes. It can effect the developing egg, disrupt ovulation, cause low sperm counts, poor motility, and increase abnormal sperm. Smoking one 'joint' can lower testosterone and libido for up to 36 hours.
Medical Drugs (prescription and non-prescription)

Painkillers. Heavy use of NSAIDs (ibuprophen) may interfere with ovulation. Acetaminophen seems to be safe. Acne medication. Accutane is linked to miscarriage and serious birth defects. Antibiotics. Some have major adverse effects to mother and baby. Some affext sperm production and motility. Antidepressants. These interfere with the hormones of reproduction. Antihistamines. Cough, cold, nasal sprays, sleep aids, all may dry up cervical mucus. Diuretics. May also dry cervical mucus. Expectorants. 'Guaifenesin' may be toxic. Steroids. Cortisone and prednisone if taken in high doses prevent the pituitary from producing enough hormones necessary for ovulation. They also reduce sperm counts. Motion Sickness pills. Can dry the cervical mucus. Antimalarial drugs. Have been linked to abnormalities in embryos. Ulcer and Gout drugs. Interfere with sperm production. Antidepressants. Some can cause erectile difficulties. Beta blockers. May cause impotence, and decreased sperm counts and motility. Inhalers, sleeping pills, antiviral drugs, and decongestants, may also affect fertility. Herbs. Burdock, Catnip, celery seed, chamomile, cohosh, fennel, juniper, pennyroyal, sage. St. John's Wort, echinacea, and Ginkgo may reduce sperm quality and penetration of the egg.
Environmental Hazzards
Nitrous compounds, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, and environmental estrogens from plastics. Each year it is said that we consume 11 pounds (5 kg) of preservatives and additives, and 1 gallon (4 litres) of pesticides. Eat organic and drink from a quality water source. Lead. Exhaust, industrial pollution, old water pipes, food grown near polluted areas, and some shampoos. High levels build up if you are low in calcium, zinc, iron, and manganese. Cigarette smoking is said to raise lead uptake by 25%. Lead has been shown to have detrimental effects on almost all aspects of sperm. In women it also shows to be a factor at almost any stage of the reproductive cycle. Vitamin C, pectin, and sulfur and nitrogen rich foods such as garlic, onions, cooked beans, eggs, and lots of water are all beneficial in the removal of lead from the body. Cadmium. Miscarriage and embryo defects. Cigarettes, processed foods, some drinking water supplies, sewage sludge, and high phosphate fertilizers are the culprits for accumulation in the body. B6, C, D, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium, and calcium are beneficial for this. Mercury. Neurological and slow cognitive development. Pesticides, fungicides, industrial processes, dental fillings, swordfish, king mackerel, shark, tile fish and tuna are the culprits. No more than 170 grams of tuna should be eaten per week before and during pregnancy. Aluminum. Destroys vitamins and causes long term mineral loss. Saucepans, indigestion tablets, antiperspirants, food additives, tea, and foods that come wrapped in foil are the items to avoid. Copper. Water pipes, saucepans, jewelry, the contraceptive pill, and copper IUDs are to blame. Zinc and vitamin C can help detoxify your body of copper. Phthalates. Found in soft plastics and childrens toys. They are now banned but are still found in some makeup products, toiletries, and perfumes. They are hormone disrupters. Electromagnetic fields. Cellular phones, electric blankets, and hydro stations. May cause miscarriages. Tampons. This is a topic every woman needs to research deeper. If you must use these, only unbleached 100% organic cotton should be used. Change them frequently. Botox. Avoid use until further research is done. Flying. Do not fly once pregnant, chances of miscarriage is greater, especially long flights. If there is a chance of being pregnant, the choice to not fly is probably the best one.
Other things to avoid...
Raw and undercooked meat Radiation (x-rays, video display terminals) DES (diethylstilbesterol) Aspirin Antihistamines, including Ephedra (Ma Huang), Osha root Most laxatives, including flax seed, senna, aloes, castor oil, rhubarb, buckthorn, cascara sagrada Antacids Diuretics, including Buchu, Horsetail, Juniper berries pHisoHex (or anything else containing hexacholorphene) Hair dyes Hemorrhoid medications Chemical stimulatnts and depressants (LSD, psychotropics, phenobarbital, barbituates, tranquilizers) Epinephrine drugs (adrenalin) Vaccines, anesthetics, mercury vapours in the dentist's office Steroids and herbs containing steroid-like factors, including Agave, Ginseng, Licorice, Hops, Sage (this herb also decreases lactation) Hormones (birth control, non-organic meats) Excesses of vitamins A, C, D. Heavy metals: lead, nickel, cadmium, manganese Pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides. These are designs to disrupt the reproductive capacities of their target pest! Fumes from paints, thinners, solvents, wood preservatives, varnishes, glues, spray, adhesives, benzene, drycleaning fluids, certain plastics, vinyl cholride, rubber tuolene Lithium, arsenic Contact with cat feces PCB's (polychlorinated biphenyl) Prolonged exposure to extremely high temperatures
Dietary Recomendations for Anemia

Anemia
Iron, copper, protein, folic acid and vitamins B6, B12, and C are all necessary for the formation of red blood cells. Iron: eat more organic organ meats, lean meat, eggs, fish, poultry, molasses, cherried, apricots, dried fruits, green leafy veggies, parsley, pumpkin and sunflower seeds, kelp, seaweed, nuts, nettle and yellowdock tea. B12: lamb, sardines, salmon. Folic acid: dark green leafy veggies. For more information on Anemia visit...
Anemia
Anemia and Infertility

Definition: when there anr not enough red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to every cell in the body anemia results. Iron deficient anemia is the most common. Folic acid and B12 anemias also can occur. Symptoms: shortness of breath, dizziness, palpitations, lethargy, weakness, recurrent colds, loss of appetite, skin palor, heavy periods, mood swings. Causes: lack of iron, folic acid, or B12 in the diet. Too much zinc can inhibit iron absorption. Not enough B vitamins, too much caffeine, wheat bran, antacids, and dairy all may also contribute. Heavy periods, vegetarians, malabsorption, and bowel disease can also cause anemia. Diagnosis: hemoglobin levels in a woman should be 11-15. Treatment: iron, B12, or floic acid supplements, and Traditional Chinese herbal medicine are all helpful. Dietary recomendations: iron, copper, protein, folic acid and vitamins B6, B12, and C are all necessary for the formation of red blood cells. Iron: eat more organic organ meats, lean meat, eggs, fish, poultry, molasses, cherried, apricots, dried fruits, green leafy veggies, parsley, pumpkin and sunflower seeds, kelp, seaweed, nuts, nettle and yellowdock tea. B12: lamb, sardines, salmon. Folic acid: dark green leafy veggies.
Dietary Recomendations for Candida Albicans

Candida Albicans
Candida albicans is a naturally occurring fungus that is the cause of vaginal yeast infections. It contributes to infertility by causing hormonal imbalance and endometriosis, and by housing antibodies that affect the ovaries. Garlic is particularly effective against Candida. Candida sufferers should also consume yogurt, soy, whole grains, walnuts, and wheat germ, cruciferous vegetables, and seeds and alfalfa. Avoiding yeast, sweets and processed foods may help. For more information on Candida visit...
CandidaCandida
and Infertility
Definition: an overgrowth of a yeast that occurs naturally in the intestines, on the skin, and in the vagina that normally helps keep balance and health. Symptoms: cravings for sweets, bloating, flatulence, vaginitis, cystitis, vaginal thrush, changes in bowel habits, irritable bowel syndrome, depression, fatigue, malabsorption, alcohol intolerance. Causes: diet high in sugars, antibiotic use, 'the pill', long term steroid use, gastrointestinal surgery, disease or illness, stress, excess of estrogen, poor adrenal function, sexual contact with someone who has candida, and excess consumption of yeast alcohol (wine, beer). Diagnosis: No easy way to properly diagnose. Treatment: antifungal supositories, acidophillus, wear loose fitting cotton underwear, do not use bubble bath or heavily scented soaps, avoid causes. Dietary Recomendations: Candida albicans is a naturally occurring fungus that is the cause of vaginal yeast infections. It contributes to infertility by causing hormonal imbalance and endometriosis, and by housing antibodies that affect the ovaries. Garlic is particularly effective against Candida. Candida sufferers should also consume plain yogurt, soy, whole grains, walnuts, and wheat germ, cruciferous vegetables, and seeds and alfalfa. Avoiding yeast, sweets and processed foods may help.
Dietary Recomendations for Cervical Fluid

Cervical Fluid
If the woman's cervical fluid is too acidic, sperm will not be able to survive, preventing conception. Amount the old wives' tales discussing cervical fluid, cough syrup is touted as a way to alkalinize the fluid, this method has never been proven. What has been prove, however, is that antihistamines and decongestants can dry up cervical fluid as can supplemental vitamin C. Avoid indigestion these substances if cervical fluid is a problem. Cervical secretions are vital to fertility. They indicate fertility, and aid the sperm in their journey. The cervix is filled with a mucus secreting membrane. Estrogen changes the cervical fluid. the vagina gets moist wet and slippery, secretions may show on your underwear and toilet paper, and this fluid becomes stretchy like egg white if stretched between finger and thumb. The mucus will stretch 2-4 cm when you are most fertile. The fertile mucus creates ease of passage for the swimming sperm through the cervix. Progesterone kicks in immediately after ovulation which dries up this cervical mucus and gives it a lotion like character. When you are not detecting fertile cervical mucus, it is possible that you are ovulating right after you are bleeding so that the fertile mucus is blended with the blood. Other causes for inadequate cervical mucus ; low estrogen levels (low body weight), rapid weight changes, too much wheat bran in diet, vitamin A deficiency, antihistamines, ulcer medication, clomid, some antidepressants, too much exercise reduces circulating estrogens, smoking, high doses of vitamin C dry up mucus, synthetic underwear, fabric softeners, scented toilet paper, tampons, vaginal lubricants, pH out of balance, and poor sexual techniques where the woman is not excited enough to produce sufficient secretions. Cervical secretions can be improved by ; eating foods rich in B vitamins, drinking plenty of water, and including wheat germ in the diet all can help. If you have determined that your pH balance is off the following is a quick dietary reference to help. Alkaline foods (to correct acidity): millet, almonds, seaweed, beets, artichokes, asparagus, green, broccoli, brussels sprouts, celery, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, kale, cucumber, endive, escarole, leeks, kohlrabi, lettuce, onions, garlic, ginger, parsley, potatoes, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, turnips, watercress, brown rice, apples, apricots, fresh figs, bananas, berries, melons, kiwi, grapes, lemons, limes, pears, plums, peaches, mangos, papayas, bamboo shoots, bok choy, parsnips,
eggplant, okra, peppers, radishes, swiss chard, rhubarb, spinach. Neutral foods: yogurt, butter. Acid foods: lamb, chicken, turkey, goose, duck, salmon, white fish, eggs, beans, barley, buckwheat, oats, rye, white rice, mushrooms, raisins, beef, veal, pork, ham, bacon, cheese, goat and cow milk, wheat, corn, tomatoes, oranges, grapefruit.
Diabetes and Infertility

Definition Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Monitoring Treatment Treatment Complications What Can Happen Over Time Diabetic Emergencies Dietary Recomendations
Definition
diabetes n. any disorder of metabolism causing excessive thirst and the production of large volumes of urine. diabetes mellitus - (the most common form of the disease) is a disorder in which blood levels of glucose (a simple sugar created by the metabolism or the bodys process of breaking down of carbohydrates, i.e. fruits, vegetables, grains) are abnormally high because the body doesn't release or use insulin (a hormone produced by the pancreas) adequately. The oxidation or metabolism of these sugars from carbohydrates is the major source of energy for the human body. Doctors often use the full name diabetes mellitus, rather than diabetes alone, to distinguish this disorder from diabetes insipidus, a relatively rare disease. Blood sugar (glucose) levels vary throughout the day, rising after a meal and returning to normal within 2 hours. Blood sugar levels are normally between 70 and 110 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) of blood in the morning after an overnight fast. They are usually lower than 120 to 140 mg/dL 2 hours after eating foods or drinking liquids containing sugar or other carbohydrates. Normal levels tend to increase slightly but progressively after age 50, especially in people who are sedentary. Insulin, a hormone released from the pancreas, is the primary substance responsible for maintaining appropriate blood sugar levels. Insulin allows glucose to be transported into cells so that they can produce energy or store the glucose until it's needed. The rise in blood sugar levels after eating or drinking stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin, preventing a greater rise in blood sugar levels and causing them to fall gradually. Because muscles use glucose for energy, blood sugar levels can also fall during physical activity. Type 1 diabetes, no one knows what causes type 1 diabetes, but it is known that it occurs when the pancreas (a gland needed in the digestive process) no longer produces any or very little insulin. The body needs insulin to use sugar obtained from food for energy. Approximately 10 percent of people with diabetes have type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body does not use the insulin that is produced effectively. 90 percent of people with diabetes have type 2. Gestational diabetes is a temporary condition that occurs during pregnancy. It affects two to four percent of all pregnancies with an increased risk of developing diabetes for both mother and child. Diabetes is a leading cause of death by disease worldwide. If not recognized or improperly managed, the high levels of blood glucose (sugar) can slowly damage both the small and large blood vessels in the body, possibly resulting in many serious health complications such as heart disease, which is two to four times more common in people with diabetes than without, it is also a leading cause of adult blindness & kidney disease. At least 50% of all limb amputations not due to traumatic injury are due to diabetes, and diabetes is now considered to be a major cause of erectile dysfunction (male sexual organ problems).
Symptoms
unusual thirst (polydipsia) excessive hunger (polyphagia) frequent urination (polyuria) unusual weight loss (emaciation) extreme fatigue or lack of energy blurred vision frequent or recurring infections cuts and bruises that are slow to heal tingling &/or numbness in hands &/or feet. *** It is also quite important to understand that many people with type 2 diabetes may or may not display signs or symptoms. It is recommended to have routine screening every three years for everyone age 45 or over and screening every year for individuals with other risk factors. The first symptoms of diabetes are related to the direct effects of high blood sugar levels. When the blood sugar level rises above 160 to 180 mg/dL, glucose passes into the urine. When the level rises even higher, the kidneys excrete additional water to dilute the large amounts of glucose lost. Because the kidneys produce excessive urine, a person with diabetes urinates large volumes frequently (polyuria). The excessive urination creates abnormal thirst (polydipsia). Because excessive calories are lost in the urine, the person loses weight. To compensate, the person often feels excessively hungry (polyphagia). Other symptoms include blurred vision, drowsiness, nausea, and decreased endurance during exercise. In addition, people whose diabetes is poorly controlled are more susceptible to infections. Because of the severity of insulin deficiency, people with type I diabetes almost always lose weight before undergoing treatment. Most people with type II diabetes don't lose weight. In people with type I diabetes, the symptoms begin abruptly and may progress rapidly to a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis. Despite high levels of sugar in the blood, most cells can't use sugar without insulin; thus, they turn to other sources of energy. Fat cells begin to break down, producing ketones, toxic chemical compounds that can make the blood acidic (ketoacidosis). The initial symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include excessive thirst and urination, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and--particularly in children--abdominal pain. Breathing tends to become deep and rapid as the body attempts to correct the blood's acidity. The person's breath smells like nail polish remover. Without treatment, diabetic ketoacidosis can progress to coma, sometimes within a few hours. People with type I diabetes can develop ketoacidosis even after starting insulin treatment if they miss an insulin injection or become stressed by an infection, an accident, or a serious medical condition. People with type II diabetes may not have any symptoms for years or decades. When insulin deficiency progresses, symptoms may develop. Increased urination and thirst are mild at first and gradually worsen over weeks or months. Ketoacidosis is rare. If the blood sugar level becomes very high (often exceeding 1,000 mg/dL)--usually as the result of some superimposed stress such as an infection or drugs--the person may develop severe dehydration, which may lead to mental confusion, drowsiness, seizures, and a condition called nonketotic hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma. Symptoms of low blood glucose (sugar) levels A low blood glucose level can occur when your blood glucose drops below a certain level (usually less than 4 mmol/L). This may be caused by: Not eating enough food Missing or delaying a meal Exercising without taking the necessary precautions Taking too much insulin Drinking alcohol. *** Low blood glucose can happen quickly, so it is important to take care of it right away. The warning signs of a low blood glucose level Note the symptoms you are experiencing, this will help you to identify low blood sugar in the future. You may feel: Sudden severe hunger Shaky or light-headed Nervous or irritable Sweaty Weak Your heart beats at a faster rate Confused A numbness or tingling in your tongue or lips. headache unusually sleepy mood changes or swings sudden anxiety & even unconsciousness or coma or seizures in extreme cases (Make sure you always wear MedicAlert identification) *** IMPORTANT NOTE: Some people do not have early warning signs of hypoglycemia. People like this must check their blood sugar levels more often to avoid this condition. It is of utmost importance for all persons with diabetes to check their blood sugar levels before driving a motor vehicle. How to treat low blood glucose (As recommended by the Canadian Diabetes Association) Check your blood glucose. If you do not have your meter with you treat the symptoms anyway. It is better to be safe. Eat or drink a form of sugar such as: 3 B-D Glucose Tablets or 5 Dextrose Tablets 6 Life Savers TM 3/4 cup (175mL) of juice or regular pop 1 tablespoon (15mL) of honey.
Wait 10 to 15 minutes, then test your blood glucose again.
Causes
Diabetes results when the body doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels or when cells don't respond appropriately to insulin. People with type I diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes) produce little or no insulin at all. Although about 6 percent of the United States population has some form of diabetes, only about 10 percent of all diabetics have type I disease. Most people who have type I diabetes developed the disease before age 30. Scientists believe that an environmental factor--possibly a viral infection or a nutritional factor in childhood or early adulthood--causes the immune system to destroy the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Some genetic predisposition is most likely needed for this to happen. Whatever the cause, in type I diabetes more than 90 percent of the insulin-producing cells (beta cells) of the pancreas are permanently destroyed. The resulting insulin deficiency is severe, and to survive, a person with type I diabetes must regularly inject insulin. In type II diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent diabetes), the pancreas continues to manufacture insulin, sometimes even at higher than normal levels. However, the body develops resistance to its effects, resulting in a relative insulin deficiency. Type II diabetes may occur in children and adolescents but usually begins after age 30 and becomes progressively more common with age: About 15 percent of people over age 70 have type II diabetes. Obesity is a risk factor for type II diabetes; 80 to 90 percent of the people with this disease are obese. Certain racial and cultural groups are at increased risk: Blacks and Hispanics have a twofold to threefold increased risk of developing type II diabetes. Type II diabetes also tends to run in families. Other less common causes of diabetes are abnormally high levels of corticosteroids, pregnancy (gestational diabetes), drugs, and poisons that interfere with the production or effects of insulin, resulting in high blood sugar levels.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of diabetes is made when a person has abnormally high blood sugar levels. Blood sugar levels are often checked during a routine annual examination or a physical examination given before employment or participation in sports. A doctor may also check blood sugar levels to find the possible cause of such symptoms as increased thirst, urination, or hunger, or if the person has typical risk factors, such as a family history of diabetes, obesity, frequent infections, or any of the complications associated with diabetes. To measure the blood sugar level, a blood sample is usually taken after the person has fasted for about 8 hours, but it may be taken after eating. Some elevation of blood sugar levels after eating is normal, but even then the levels shouldn't be very high. In people over 65 years old, the test is best performed after fasting because older people have a greater increase in blood sugar levels after eating. Another kind of blood test, an oral glucose tolerance test, may be performed in certain situations, such as when a doctor suspects that a pregnant woman has gestational diabetes. In this test, a person fasts, has a blood sample taken for the fasting blood sugar level, and then drinks a special solution containing a standard amount of glucose. More blood samples are then obtained over the next 2 to 3 hours.
Treatment
With careful management of this disorder, people can live long healthy lives that are very happy, granted they remain committed their well-being. Diabetes is managed in the following ways: Learn about your condition: Diabetes education is an important first step. All people with diabetes need to learn about their condition in order to make healthy lifestyle choices and manage their diabetes. The importance of nutrition & diet: What, when and how much you eat play an important role in regulating how well your body manages blood sugar levels.
Eat three meals and a bedtime snack each day. Include a food from each of the food groups at each meal. If you are thirsty drink water or diet pop. If you are overweight, eat smaller portions. Reduce your intake of fat. Keep sweet and fatty foods to a minimum. Stay active: Regular exercise helps your body lower blood sugars, promotes weight loss, reduces stress and enhances overall fitness. Talk to your diabetes health care team to learn how to adjust your insulin and food to prevent low blood glucose levels while exercising. Carry some form of sugar with you and extra food. Carry your meter with you. Be prepared to stop and test during exercise if you feel any symptoms. Wear a MedicAlert identification. Carry a record of the names and amounts of insulin you use and any other medications you use regularly. Wear comfortable shoes and socks. Test your blood glucose before exercising. If lower than __________ mmol/L, (have your doctor determine this value for you) you may need extra food before you start. Stop exercising if you have pain or feel tired. Enjoy yourself. Watch your waistline: Maintaining a healthy weight is especially important in the control of type 2 diabetes. Taking your medication: Type 1 diabetes always requires daily injections of insulin. Type 2 diabetes is controlled through exercise and meal planning and may require medications and/or insulin to assist the body in making or using insulin more effectively. A chance for a new healthy lifestyle: Learning to reduce stress levels in day-to-day life can help people with diabetes better manage their disease. The main goal of diabetes treatment is to keep blood sugar levels within the normal range as much as possible. Completely normal levels are difficult to maintain, but the more closely they can be kept within the normal range, the less likely that temporary or long-term complications will develop. The main problem with trying to control blood sugar levels tightly is an increased chance of overshooting, resulting in low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). The treatment of diabetes requires attention to weight control, exercise, and diet. Many obese people with type II diabetes would not need medication if they lost weight and exercised regularly. However, weight reduction and increased exercise are difficult for most people with diabetes. Therefore, either insulin replacement therapy or an oral hypoglycemic medication is often needed. Exercise directly lowers blood sugar levels, often reducing the amount of insulin needed. Diet management is very important. In general, people with diabetes shouldn't eat too much sweet food and should eat their meals on a regular schedule. However, eating a snack at bedtime or in the late afternoon often helps prevent hypoglycemia in people who inject themselves in the morning or evening with an intermediate-acting insulin. Since people with diabetes also have a tendency toward high cholesterol levels, dietitians usually recommend limiting the amount of saturated fat in the diet. Yet, the best way to reduce cholesterol levels is to control blood sugar levels and body weight. Most people with diabetes benefit greatly from learning about their disease and what they can do to help control it. This education is best provided by a nurse trained in diabetes education. All diabetics must understand how diet and exercise affect their blood sugar levels and be aware of how to avoid complications, such as checking their skin for ulcerations. They must also take special care to avoid foot infections and can often benefit from having their toenails cut by a podiatrist. Yearly eye examinations are essential to check for changes in the blood vessels that can lead to blindness (diabetic retinopathy). In case of injury or high or low blood sugar levels, people with diabetes should always carry a card or wear a Medic Alert bracelet identifying the disease. In an emergency, alerting health care professionals to the presence of diabetes allows them to start proper lifesaving treatment quickly. Insulin Replacement Therapy In type I diabetes, the pancreas can't produce insulin, so insulin must be replaced. Replacement can be accomplished only by injection; because insulin is destroyed in the stomach, it can't be taken by mouth. New forms of insulin, such as a nasal spray, are being tested. To date, these new forms haven't worked well because variability in the rate of absorption leads to problems in determining dose. Insulin is injected under the skin into the fat layer, usually in the arm, thigh, or abdominal wall. Small syringes with very thin needles make the injections nearly painless. An air pump device that blows the insulin under the skin can be used for people who can't tolerate needles. An insulin pen, which contains a cartridge that holds the insulin and closes like a large pen, is a convenient way to carry insulin, especially for those who take several injections a day outside the home. Another device is an insulin pump, which pumps insulin continuously from a reservoir through a small needle left in the skin. Additional doses of insulin can be programmed or triggered so that the pump more closely mimics the way the body normally produces insulin. For some people, the pump offers an added degree of control, while others find wearing the pump annoying or develop sores at the needle site. Insulin is available in three basic forms, each with a different speed and duration of action. Rapid-acting insulin, such as regular insulin, is the fastest and shortest acting. This type of insulin often begins to lower blood sugar levels within 20 minutes, reaches maximum activity in 2 to 4 hours, and lasts for 6 to 8 hours. Rapid-acting insulin is often used by people who take several daily injections and is injected 15 to 20 minutes before meals. Intermediate-acting insulin, such as insulin zinc suspension or isophane insulin suspension, starts to work in 1 to 3 hours, reaches its maximum activity in 6 to 10 hours,
and works for 18 to 26 hours. This type of insulin may be used in the morning to provide coverage for the first part of the day or in the evening to provide coverage during the night. Long-acting insulin, such as extended insulin zinc suspension, has very little effect for about 6 hours but provides coverage for 28 to 36 hours. Insulin preparations are stable at room temperature for months, allowing them to be carried, brought to work, or taken on a trip. Choosing which insulin to use may be complex. The decision is based on how tightly a person wishes to control his diabetes, how willing he is to monitor his blood sugar and adjust his dosage, how varied his daily activity is, how adept he is in learning about and understanding his disease, and how stable his blood sugar levels are during the day and from day to day. The easiest regimen to follow is a single daily injection of one intermediate-acting insulin. However, such a regimen provides the least control over the blood sugar levels. Tighter control may be achieved by combining two insulins--a rapid-acting and an intermediate-acting insulin--in one morning dose. This requires more skill but offers more opportunity to adjust the blood sugar levels. A second injection may be taken at dinner or bedtime. Tightest control is usually achieved by injecting some rapid-acting and intermediate-acting insulin in the morning and evening along with several additional injections of rapid-acting insulin during the day. Some people, especially older people, take the same amount of insulin every day; others adjust the insulin dose daily depending on their diet, exercise, and blood sugar patterns. The need for insulin varies with changes in food intake and amount of exercise. Thus, people who vary their diet and exercise very little usually need to make little change to their insulin dose. However, over time, insulin needs may change if the person experiences weight changes, emotional stress, or illness, especially infection. People who vary their diet and exercise patterns need to adjust their insulin accordingly. Some people develop resistance to insulin. Because the insulin is not exactly like the insulin the body manufactures, the body can produce antibodies to the insulin. These antibodies interfere with the insulin's activity, so a person with insulin resistance must take very large doses. Insulin injections can affect the skin and underlying tissues at the injection site. An allergic reaction, which occurs rarely, produces pain and burning, followed by redness, itchiness, and swelling around the injection site for several hours. More commonly, the injections either cause fat deposits, making the skin look lumpy, or destroy fat, causing indentation of the skin. Changing the site of injection with each dose and switching the type of insulin generally prevent these complications. Insulin resistance and insulin allergy are uncommon with the use of synthetic human insulins, which are the insulins predominantly used today. Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs Oral hypoglycemic drugs are usually prescribed for people with type II diabetes if diet and exercise fail to lower blood sugar levels adequately. The drugs can sometimes be taken only once a day, in the morning, although some people need two or three doses. If oral hypoglycemic drugs can't control blood sugar well enough, insulin injections alone or in combination with the oral drugs may be needed.
Monitoring Treatment
Monitoring blood sugar levels is an essential part of diabetes care. Although urine can also be tested for the presence of glucose, checking urine is not a good way to monitor treatment or adjust therapy. Fortunately, blood sugar levels can now be measured easily at home. How to test your blood glucose level You can purchase a meter from your local pharmacy. Checking blood glucose requires obtaining a small drop of blood to place on a blood glucose strip. Talk to your diabetes educator or pharmacist about the various methods, and which one is right for you. When you decide, make sure you receive the proper training. Ask about the size of the drop of blood and the type of blood glucose strips to use, how to clean you meter, how to check if your meter is accurate, how to code your meter. A drop of blood is obtained by pricking the tip of the finger with a small lancet. The lancet holds a tiny needle that can be jabbed into the finger or placed in a spring-loaded device that easily and quickly pierces the skin. Most diabetics find the pricking nearly painless. Then, a drop of blood is placed on a reagent strip. In response to sugar, the reagent strip changes color or undergoes some other chemical change. Some strips change color enough to read the blood sugar level when the color of the strip is compared to colors printed on a chart. A better and more accurate system is to use a machine that reads the changes in the test strip and reports the result on a digital display. Most of these machines time the reaction and read the result automatically. The machines are small, from the size of a pen to that of a pack of cigarettes. People with diabetes should record their blood sugar levels and report them to their doctor or nurse for advice in adjusting the insulin or oral hypoglycemic drug dose. Some people can be taught to adjust the insulin dose on their own as necessary between visits to their doctor or nurse. Doctors use a blood test called glycosylated hemoglobin, also called hemoglobin A1C, to monitor treatment. When the blood sugar level is high, changes occur in hemoglobin, the chemical that carries oxygen in the blood. These changes are in direct proportion to the blood sugar level over an extended period. Thus, unlike the blood sugar measurement, which reveals the level at a particular moment, the glycosylated hemoglobin measurement demonstrates whether the blood sugar level has been controlled over the previous few weeks. The normal level for glycosylated hemoglobin is less than 7 percent. Diabetics rarely achieve such levels, but tight control aims to come close to it. Levels above 9 percent show poor control, and levels above 12 percent show very poor control. Most doctors who specialize in diabetes care recommend that glycosylated hemoglobin be measured every 3 to 6 months. Why you should test your blood glucose level?
It is a quick measurement of your blood glucose level at any point in time. It shows how your blood glucose levels are affected by your food intake, insulin, stress levels, illness and physical activity. It is a quick method to identify high and low blood glucose levels to avoid potential emergencies. It helps you, and your diabetes health care team, to make the necessary changes in insulin, meal planning, lifestyle, or exercise to achieve good blood glucose control.
Treatment Complications
Both insulin and oral drugs can lower blood sugar levels too much, causing hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia can also occur if a person with diabetes doesn't eat enough or on time or exercises strenuously without eating. When blood sugar levels are too low, the first organ affected is the brain. To protect the brain, the body immediately begins to manufacture glucose from glycogen stores in the liver. This process involves the release of epinephrine (adrenaline), which tends to induce hunger, anxiety, a sense of heightened awareness, and a shaky feeling. The lack of blood glucose to the brain can cause a headache. Hypoglycemia must be treated quickly because within minutes it can become severe, leading to increasing confusion, coma, and rarely permanent brain injury. At the first sign of hypoglycemia, the person should eat some form of sugar. Therefore, people with diabetes should always carry candy, lumps of sugar, or glucose tablets to treat episodes of hypoglycemia. Other options are to drink a glass of milk (which contains lactose, a type of sugar), sugar water, or fruit juice or to eat a piece of cake, some fruit, or other sweet food. People with type I diabetes should always carry or have available glucagon (a hormone that raises blood sugar levels), which can be injected in case they aren't able to take any food containing sugar. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a medical emergency. Without prompt and excellent treatment, diabetic ketoacidosis can cause a coma and death. Hospitalization, usually in an intensive care unit, is necessary. Large amounts of intravenous fluids are given along with electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphate, to replace those lost through excessive urination. Insulin is generally given intravenously so that it works quickly and the dose can be adjusted frequently. Blood levels of glucose, ketones, and electrolytes are measured every few hours so that doctors can adjust the treatment. Doctors also take samples of arterial blood to measure its acidity. Sometimes additional treatments are needed to correct the acidity, although controlling blood sugar levels and replacing electrolytes usually allow the body to restore the normal acid-base balance. The treatment of nonketotic hyperglycemichyperosmolar coma is similar to that of diabetic ketoacidosis. Fluid and electrolytes must be replaced. Blood sugar levels must be restored gradually to avoid sudden shifts of fluid into the brain. Blood sugar levels tend to be more easily controlled than in diabetic ketoacidosis, and blood acidity problems are not severe. Most of the long-term complications of diabetes are progressive unless the blood sugar level is tightly controlled. Diabetic retinopathy, however, can be directly treated. Laser surgery can seal the leaking eye blood vessels to prevent permanent damage to the retina. Early laser treatment can help prevent or substantially slow the loss of vision.
What Can Happen Over Time

Over time, elevated blood sugar levels damage blood vessels, nerves, and other internal structures. Complex sugar-based substances build up in the walls of small blood vessels, causing them to thicken and leak. As they thicken, they supply less and less blood, especially to the skin and nerves. Poorly controlled blood sugar levels also tend to cause the blood levels of fatty substances to rise, resulting in accelerated atherosclerosis (the buildup of plaque in blood vessels). Atherosclerosis is between two and six times more common in diabetics than in non-diabetics and occurs in both men and women. Poor circulation through both the large and small blood vessels can harm the heart, brain, legs, eyes, kidneys, nerves, and skin and makes healing injuries slow. For all of these reasons, people with diabetes may experience many serious long-term complications. Heart attacks and strokes are more common. Damage to the blood vessels of the eye can cause loss of vision (diabetic retinopathy). The kidneys can malfunction, resulting in kidney failure that requires dialysis. Damage to nerves can manifest in several ways. If a single nerve malfunctions (mononeuropathy), an arm or leg may suddenly become weak. If the nerves to the hands, legs, and feet become damaged (diabetic polyneuropathy), sensation may become abnormal and tingling or burning pain and weakness in the arms and legs may develop. Damage to the nerves of the skin makes repeated injuries more likely because the person can't sense changes in pressure or temperature. Poor blood supply to the skin can also lead to ulcers, and all wounds heal slowly. Foot ulcers may become so deep and infected and heal so poorly that part of the leg may need to be amputated. Recent evidence has shown that complications of diabetes can be prevented, delayed, or slowed by controlling blood sugar levels. Other unknown factors, including genetic ones, also determine the subsequent course of events.
Diabetic Emergencies
A diabetic emergency occurs when there is a severe imbalance between the amount of insulin and sugar in the body. Two conditions may result in a diabetic emergency: 1. Not enough insulin, causing a high level of sugar or hyperglycemia. This could lead to diabetic coma. This may be caused by: a) not taking enough insulin b) eating too much food c) doing less exercise than usual 2. Too much insulin, causing a low level of sugar or hypoglycemia. This may lead to insulin shock. This may be caused by: a) taking too much insulin b) not eating enough food or vomiting c) doing more exercise than usual
Dietary Recomendations
With women, diabetes is often associated with being overweight. Talk to your doctor and ask to be referred to a diabetes nutritionist so your condition can be monitored closely. Abnormal metabolic reactions tend to generate many free radicals, so make sure you take antioxidant supplements.
Dietary Recomendations for Endometriosis

Endometriosis
If you suffer from terrible premenstrual syndrome, lower back pain, abnormal bleeding, depression, painful sex and heavy period, suspect endometriosis. An estimated 5 million American women suffer from endometriosis. If you have more that on e symptom of endometriosis, consult your doctor. 30% of all infertility women have endometriosis. Women with endometriosis should be particularly vigilant about increasing their consumption of kelp and wheat germ. Endometriosis has been linked to thyroid dysfunction and kelp is particularly good for thyroid problems. The vitamin E in wheat germ improves the healing of scar tissue caused by internal endometrial bleeding. Women who suspect endometriosis should cut down on their yeast consumption, as yeast overgrowth has been recently implicated in endometriosis. Also, since yeast thrives on sugar, strictly avoid sugar, as well as any artificial sweeteners and dairy, though yogurt can be helpful for this problem. In general, women with endometriosis should stick to a high-fiber, vegetarian based diet. Particularly, the elimination of fats from animal sources such as meat and dairy products is beneficial. Women with endometriosis should also particularly avoid caffeine and salt and should indulge in antioxidants such as sweet potatoes, yams, apricots, cantaloupes, carrots, spinach and broccoli, whole grains and beans for necessary B vitamins, and citrus fruits for bioflavonoids and natural vitamin C.
For More Information on Endometriosis...
Causes of Infertility - Endometriosis
Endometriosis and Infertility

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Endometriosis Diet Recomendations for Endometriosis
Definition: Patches of endometrial tissue that are normally found only in the uterine lining (endometrium) growing outside the uterus, usually in the abdominal cavity (ovaries, uterine ligaments, intestines, ureters, bladder, vagina, surgical scars) , although it may appear in other parts of the body (chest lining, brain). It quite commonly is attached to the outside of internal organs and most often adheres to the ovaries and uterine ligaments. This tissue still keeps the same traits it would have if it still were present inside the uterus; grows and builds mid cycle, and bleeds during menstruation. This causes pain of varying
degrees in different women. When this continues for some time, the misplaced tissue may cause scarring that leads to an adhesion (sticking together) of internal surfaces (organs, ligaments) and may eventually inhibit proper functioning of certain aspects of the body. Causes: Endometriosis seems to run in families (mostly Caucasian). Also, giving birth for the first time after the age of 30 seems to be a risk factor. The best theory to date of why this condition comes fourth is said to be during menstruation, some of the endometrial tissue that is usually shed through the vagina, flows backward out the uterine (Fallopian) tubes. Signs & Symptoms: pain in the lower abdomen and pelvic region, irregular menses, spotting between periods or before periods, infertility (difficulty conceiving), pain during sexual intercourse, abdominal swelling, pain during bowel movements, bleeding from the rectum during menstruation, lower abdominal pain during menstruation, and there are sometimes no symptoms at all. Diagnosis: when a woman shows typical signs described above, or has unexplained infertility one may suspect Endometriosis. There may also be palpable masses in the lower abdomen. To see if there is endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, a doctor will use a small fiber optic viewing tube called a laparoscope that enters the abdominal cavity through a small incision made just below the navel. Sometimes it may not be conclusive by only viewing so a biopsy (small sample) will be taken. Ultrasounds, MRIs, barium enemas, CT scans, and x-rays may also be used to determine the extent of the disease. Blood tests that show antibodies for endometrial tissue are also a signal that the body may be attacking regular body tissues that are out of place.
Infertility, Traditional Chinese Medicine, & Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a modern disease. Chinese medicine treats the western disease diagnosis of 'endometriosis' by reframing the signs and symptoms displayed by the client into traditional Chinese medical disease categories. The most common symptom associated with endometriosis is pain surrounding menses. The traditional Chinese medical disease category for pain during menstruation would be 'Painful Periods'. Another common symptom of endometriosis is the inability to conceive. This becomes reframed into the traditional Chinese medical disease category of 'Infertility'. Thirdly, there can be erratic bleeding cycles, i.e. bleeding outside of the cycles, early spotting, spotting mid cycle, or spotting after the end of the cycle for several days. The traditional Chinese Medical disease category in these instances would be 'Erratic Menses'. There may also be profuse bleeding during the period (the bleeding is very heavy), this would fall under the category of ' Profuse Menstruation'. Therefore, the western medical diagnosis of 'endometriosis' can be reframed into at least 1-5 different traditional Chinese medical disease categories depending on the signs and symptoms displayed by the woman, mainly painful periods, infertility, and profuse menstruation. This is representative of how traditional Chinese medicine treats the individual person, not the disease. The question, 'How much relief will someone with severe endometriosis benefit from treatment with Chinese medicine? ' is really dependant on the degree of compliance and commitment the client displays toward the requirements necessary for success. One must be willing to invest in themselves, make room for some lifestyle changes, modify their diet (sometimes drastically), undergo regular acupuncture treatment, religiously take the prescribed herbal formulas, and practice the intention required by the body mind and spirit to overcome a severe health condition. With time and diligence, 70-80% of women being treated with traditional Chinese medicine can expect to see significant reductions in their symptoms. 20% of women will get minimal to no results (as in every type of disease, there is always a small group of people who will not respond to the treatments, there is no explanation for this). Some women see results within just a few treatments, although, it should be noted that it is not unrealistic to expect six months to one-and-a-half years of treatment with traditional Chinese medicine to see results with lasting effect. If you are looking for a quick fix and are not willing to dedicate to the necessary commitments stated above for at least 6 months, it would be advisable to opt for laser surgery and have the major scaring removed. Laser surgery has more of a 'bandage' effect, meaning, the displaced endometrial tissue usually grows back in time, and it will be necessary to revisit this style of treatment 1-2 times per year. If surgery is your choice, consider traditional Chinese medicine to help remain symptom free for longer periods of time between hospital visits. During treatment with traditional Chinese medicine, the woman's menstrual cycle can change, sometimes drastically. Some months it may look like things are heading in the right direction, and some months it may seem as though things are going backwards. The more severe the condition, the longer the body must take to heal. Many women that find no relief with traditional Chinese medicine have set unrealistic expectations, and quit before changes can occur. Treatment with traditional Chinese medicine is, in most cases, a more permanent fix, but, it must be remembered that it takes time for traditional Chinese medicine to make the adjustments and changes that must occur within the reproductive body tissue. Decide today that you will be free of the suffering associated with endometriosis Check out 'Mayway' and 'New Herbs' online. They carry herbs and herbal plasters made of Okra that treat endometriosis as well as many other gynecological conditions.
Diet Recomendations for Endometriosis

Women with endometriosis should be particularly vigilant about increasing their consumption of kelp and wheat germ. Endometriosis has been linked to thyroid dysfunction and kelp is particularly good for thyroid problems. The vitamin E in wheat germ improves the healing of scar tissue caused by internal endometrial bleeding. Women who suspect endometriosis should cut down on their yeast consumption, as yeast overgrowth has been recently implicated in endometriosis. Also, since yeast thrives on sugar, strictly avoid sugar, as well as any artificial sweeteners and dairy, though yogurt can be helpful for this problem. In general, women with endometriosis should stick to a high-fiber, vegetarian based diet. Particularly, the elimination of fats from animal sources such as meat and dairy products is beneficial. Women with endometriosis should also particularly avoid caffeine and salt and should indulge in antioxidants such as sweet potatoes, yams, apricots, cantaloupes, carrots, spinach and broccoli, whole grains and beans for necessary B vitamins, and citrus fruits for bioflavonoids and natural vitamin C.
Dietary Recomendations for Estrogen Progesterone Balance

Estrogen/Progesterone Balance
If estrogen and progesterone levels are not balanced, it will be difficult to conceive. If estrogen levels are not elevated in the first part of cycle, ovulation will not occur. If progesterone levels are not elevated in the second part of the cycles, a viable endometrium will not form. Too much estrogen (which could manifest as particularly heavy menstrual flow) can sometimes be regulated by a vigorous program of exercise. Obesity can also cause elevated estrogen levels, so try to make sure that your weight is within the normal range. The dietary fiber in B6 vitamin rich foods can also reduce estrogen levels. These foods are tofu, kelp, whole grains, walnuts, and wheat germ. Insufficient estrogen can be counteracted by increasing your consumption of paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA), which stimulates the pituitary gland into increasing estrogen production. Consuming wheat germ will satisfy your need for this nutrient. Insufficient progesterone levels can be aided by increasing your consumption of foods rich in vitamin B6, tofu, kelp, whole grains, walnuts, and wheat germ. These foods can also reduce Prolactin levels. Progesterone production in the luteal phase can also be affected if prostaglandin impairs the functioning of the corpus luteum. Avoid arachidonic acid, a precursor or prostaglandin found in animal fat. Finally, yams eaten in the pre-ovulatory phase of the cycle are beneficial for women whose short luteal phase leads to insufficient progesterone production. For More Information on Hormone balancing...
Hormones - keeping the balance
Hormones: keeping the balance

Hormones are chemical messengers, made in special glands or in the brain, that are carried around in the bloodstream to various parts of the body, where they have an effect on the functioning of organs and body processes. As far as reproduction goes, the ovaries, uterus, breasts, and testes, are the important organs that are regulated by our hormones. Too
little estrogen, too little estrogen, too little progesterone, too many male hormones, and cortisol deficiencies, are all common problems with reproductive
hormones. More information on the specific hormones and their functions within the reproductive cycle can be found in our Reproductive
Anatomy & Physiology section. control,
Our endocrine system, which regulates our hormones, is therefore of vital importance to the reproductive health of both men and women. Proper eating habits, avoiding certain things , and weight are some areas which should be given attention when conception, or health in general is your goal.
Many medical conditions can also adversely affect the hormonal balance, i.e. thyroid conditions, diabetes, and
endometriosis , just to name a couple common contributors to infertility.

If you think you are experiencing signs and symptoms of hormonal deficiencies or imbalances, become informed, research your situation, and consult your doctor.

Weight and Hormonal Balance

You probably know if you have issues with being overweight. If you think you may have an eating disorder, consult a counsellor that specializes in this area. Being underweight is also a problem for women trying to concieve. Fat cells continually release estrogen, which suppresses the pituitary gland and therefore the release of follicle stimulating hormone, in turn making it difficult for the body to reach a state where ovulation can occur. Being overweight obviously can effect fertility. Too little fat cells in the body (being more than 15% underweight) causes estrogen levels to drop and cause intermittent menstruation, or an altogether stopping of the menses. This may also effect the quality of cervical mucus. Find your ideal weight. Do not go on any intense diets to gain or lose weight, this will throw the body further out of balance. Consult your healthcare professional to discuss your options.
Too Little Estrogen

The years leading up to menopause show a decrease in estrogen levels. Estrogen deficiencies also arise when estrogen is leached from the body via a diet too rich in wheat fober, or if not enough estrogen is recycled by the bowels or liver. It may also be caused by low body weight, vitamin A deficiency, too much exercise, smoking, taking antibiotics, or being on the contraceptive pill for too long. Symptoms: (Yin vacuity), irregular menses, vaginal dryness, painful intercourse, hot flashes, night sweats, bladder infections, dry skin, lethargy and depression, and signs of premature aging such as memory loss. Solutions: eating phytoestrogen rich foods and herbs (legumes, alfalfa sprouts, flax seeds, oats, hops, fennel, parsley, cabbage, brussels sprouts, broccoli, cherries, and soy), and B vitamins which contain PABA that stimulates the pituitary to produce estrogen.
Too Much Estrogen

Environmental estrogens are found in pesticides, plastics, and PCB's (chemical pollutants in the water, air, and soil). These forms of estrogen are thought to have a major influence on the excessive amounts of estrogen that are being found in both men and women. Poor diet, with too much refined carbohydrate and saturated animal fat and too little fiber is also responsible. Eat more high fiber foods (except wheat bran) to prevent excess reuptake of estrogen by the bowel. Organic food reduces your exposure to pesticides, antibiotics, and growth hormones. Too much fat tissue increases your body's ability to convert male hormones into estrogen. Stress also plays a major role in your liver and digestive system removing excess estrogen. Symptoms: (Yin excess), puffiness and bloating, water retention, rapid weight gain, breast tenderness, heavy bleeding, mood swings (anxiety, depression, weepiness), sleep problems, migraines, flushed face, low libido, foggy thinking, and high levels of copper in the system. Later, endometriosis, fibroids, gall bladder problems, poor blood sugar control, and hypothyroid conditions may arise. Symptoms in Men: hair loss, headaches, bloating, weight gain, prostate enlargement, irritability, and breat enlargement. Solutions: low fat high fiber diet, live yogurt (encourage excretion of estrogen), eating cabbage family veggies increases the rate at which the liver converts estrogen into a water-soluble form that can be excreted, increase protein intake to improve estrogen metabolism in the liver, vitamin B6 reduces the effects of excess estrogen, more exercise, less stress, and lose weight.
Too Little Progesterone

Progesterone is used to produce three different types of estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, and aldosterone. It helps control water balance, the use of fat for energy, proper thyroid function, and is a natural antidepressant. This is the most common hormone to be deficient in all women. When ovulation fails (due to perimenopause or other reasons) progesterone is not produced in the luteal phase (second half of cycle), or it is not produced long enough to sustain implantation. This can happen after using the pill too long, having a miscarriage, or breastfeeding. This is called a luteal phase defect. The luteal phase should be at least 10 days for pregnancy to occur. Progesterone maintains a pregnancy in the beginning, so a deficiency may cause miscarrige. Women with PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome), faulty secretion of other hormones such as FSH, LH, or prolactin, endometriosis, and menstrual irregularities, may have a progesterone deficiency. Symptoms: painful or lumpy breasts, headaches at a certain time of the cycle, anxiety, irritability, sleeping problems, unexplained weight gain, PMS, bleeding between periods, and reduced libido. Solutions: the controversial progesterone therapy, natural progesterone cream, vitamin B6, E, magnesium, and evening primrose oil, vitex agnuscastus (man jing zi, chasteberry), reducing stress, less exercise, and increasing low body weight.
Too Many Male Hormones

Excess androgens can affect both men and women. In women this is usually a result of PCOS, a poor diet that includes a lot of sugar, refined foods, and simple carbohydrates. Adrenal disorders, anabolic steroid use, corticosteroids, and obesity can also cause this. Symptoms: acne, ovarian cysts, excess body hair, unstable blood sugar levels, thinning hair on the head, mid-cycle pain, and erratic menses. Solutions: high fiber vegetarian diet that is low in saturated fats and high in phytoestrogens.
Cortisol Deficiency
Long term low level stress and/or poor nutrition fatigue the adrenals which causes a cortisol deficiency. This stress hormone competes with progesterone for receptor sites, leading to a condition of estrogen dominance and less active progesterone. Symptoms: (Kidney vacuity), unstable blood sugar levels, extreme tiredness, allergies, candida, fatigue, insomnia,
PMS, loss of libido, weak immune system (frequent colds), low blood pressure, alcohol intolerance, chronic fatigue, weak muscles, depression, and headaches. Solutions: reduce intake of stimulants such as sugar, caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol, healthy diet, relaxation, meditation, yoga, and Chinese herbal medicine.
Fibroids and Infertility

Definition: benign tumors that grow in the uterine cavity, in the muscular walls of the uterus, or on the outside of the uterus. They can be very small and can grow up to the size of a volleyball. They are made of hard white tissue and the size fluctuates during the menstrual cycle (larger after ovulation and smaller after menses). Fibroids shrink after menopause. Symptoms: heavy or irregular bleeding if they are in the uterine lining, menstrual cramps, pelvic pain, fullness or pressure in the lower abdomen, constipation, frequent urination, bladder infections. Causes: genetic, high fat low fibre diet, obesity are all risk factors. Diagnosis: pelvic exam, ultrasound, laparoscopy. Treatment: wait to see how they progress, hormone therapy, surgery, acupuncture, omeopathy, herbal medicine, massage. Dietary Recomendations: low fat high fibre, cut down on estrogen producing foods, eliminate refined sugar, include green leafy veggies, cut down on meat and alcohol, if there is heavy bleeding take an iron supplement, and take a good multivitamin daily, choline and inositol are important.
Dietary Recomendations for Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is an underproduction of hormones by the thyroid gland, characterized by lowered cellular metabolism, including low basal body temperatures and unexplained weight gain. Other symptoms can include accumulation of fluid under the eye, sensitivity to cold aching muscles, decreased appetite (but concurrent weight gain), fatigue, constipation, dry skin and hair, insomnia and tingling in the hands and feet. Reproductive symptoms include unusually long cycles and extended periods of heavy cervical fluid. Hypothyroid is perhaps on of the most common, yet easily overlooked causes of infertility. Hypothyroid can throw the endocrine system off balance, causing elevated Prolactin levels, which prevents ovulation. Thyroid secretion is essential not only for egg fertilization and development, but also for sperm production. Thyroid deficiency can now be identified by a thyroid stimulating hormone test, so see your doctor if you suspect thyroid deficiency. Kelp, a sea vegetable, may help hypothyroid because of its high iodine content. Many people ingest enough iodine in their diet through the consumption of iodinized salt. However, if you avoid processed foods, and do not over salt your foods; or if you are accustomed to using sea salt of kosher salt, neither of which contain added iodine, then kelp can fulfill this need. IN addition kelp may be better retained in the body and is less likely to be readily excreted than salt. If you have received a medical diagnosis of hypothyroid, keep in mind that you should limit of avoid foods that inhibit the absorption of iodine in your system. These foods avoid include peanuts, pine nuts, cabbage, mustard and turnips. Almonds and wheat germs are also helpful against hypothyroidism, as they contain dietary sources of vitamin B2, a deficiency of which is linked to hypothyroid. Avoid dried fruit, processed potatoes, shrimp, and wine. The sulfites in these foods can destroy riboflavin, which can lead to deficiency. Supplements: vitamin B1, 2, 3, 5, 6, CoQ10, magnesium, chromium, selenium, zinc, iodine, calcium. For more information on Hypothyroidism visit...
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism and Infertility

Thyroid hypofunction affects ovulation frequency and ocurrence. This is a common cause of female infertility. Symptoms: weakness, exhaustion, poor memory, dry hair, hair loss, sensitivity to cold, skin problems, brittle nails, depression, mood swings, constipation, weight gain or weight loss, heavy or irregular periods, PMS, muscle cramps, joint
stiffness. Causes: thyroid gland failure, failure of mechanisms that tell the thyroid to secrete its hormones, and failure of the body tissues to use thyroid hormones effectively. Diagnosis: a blood test from your doctor can determine if you have hypothyroidism. Also, if your Basal Body Temperature is consistantly lower than 36.6 celcius (97.8 F), this may show an underactive thyroid. Treatment: synthetic thyroxine. Avoid flouride, chlorides, mercury, PCB's, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, brussels sprouts, turnips, kale, kohlrabi, rutabegas, watercress, millet, peanuts, pine nuts, cassava, corn, and sweet potatoes. Cooking the foods listed helps destroy harmful chemicals that disrupt the thyroid function. Dietary Recomendations Hypothyroidism is an underproduction of hormones by the thyroid gland, characterized by lowered cellular metabolism, including low basal body temperatures and unexplained weight gain. Other symptoms can include accumulation of fluid under the eye, sensitivity to cold aching muscles, decreased appetite (but concurrent weight gain), fatigue, constipation, dry skin and hair, insomnia and tingling in the hands and feet. Reproductive symptoms include unusually long cycles and extended periods of heavy cervical fluid. Hypothyroid is perhaps on of the most common, yet easily overlooked causes of infertility. Hypothyroid can throw the endocrine system off balance, causing elevated Prolactin levels, which prevents ovulation. Thyroid secretion is essential not only for egg fertilization and development, but also for sperm production. Thyroid deficiency can now be identified by a thyroid stimulating hormone test, so see your doctor if you suspect thyroid deficiency. Kelp, a sea vegetable, may help hypothyroid because of its high iodine content. Many people ingest enough iodine in their diet through the consumption of iodinized salt. However, if you avoid processed foods, and do not over salt your foods; or if you are accustomed to using sea salt of kosher salt, neither of which contain added iodine, then kelp can fulfill this need. IN addition kelp may be better retained in the body and is less likely to be readily excreted than salt. If you have received a medical diagnosis of hypothyroid, keep in mind that you should limit of avoid foods that inhibit the absorption of iodine in your system. These foods avoid include peanuts, pine nuts, cabbage, mustard and turnips. Almonds and wheat germs are also helpful against hypothyroidism, as they contain dietary sources of vitamin B2, a deficiency of which is linked to hypothyroid. Avoid dried fruit, processed potatoes, shrimp, and wine. The sulfites in these foods can destroy riboflavin, which can lead to deficiency. Supplements: vitamin B1, 2, 3, 5, 6, CoQ10, magnesium, chromium, selenium, zinc, iodine, calcium.
Dietary Recomendations for Luteal Phase Defects

Luteal phase defects
A short luteal phase generally means that the corpus luteum does not produce sufficient progesterone, causing the onset of menstruation. Eating yams during the pre-ovulatory part of they cycle can correct a short luteal phase. Insufficient progesterone levels can be aided by increasing your consumption of foods rich in vitamin B6: tofu, kelp, whole grains, walnuts, and wheat germ. Progesterone production in the luteal phase can also be affected if prostaglandin impairs the functioning of the corpus luteum. Avoid arachidonic acid, a precursor of prostaglandin, found in animal fat.
Dietary Recomendations for Ovulation

Ovulation
Without ovulation, conception obviously cannot occur. Ovulation can be negatively affected by marijuana, aspartame, dioxins, and too strenuous exercise. As much as 25% of irregular ovulation can be attributed to elevated Prolactin levels. Obesity can also suppress the pituitary gland, resulting in insufficient follicle stimulation hormone for ovulation to occur. Consuming yams during the pre ovulatory part of the cycle can sometimes stimulate ovulation. Yams act like the drug Clomid. A deficiency of vitamin B6 can also elevate your Prolactin level, which can suppress ovulation. Eat more soy wheat germ, whole grains, and walnuts.
Dietary Recomendations for PCOS - Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
PCOS - Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

In Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) the body produces increased male hormones which are converted into estrogen. In an obese woman, estrogen is also stored in fat cells. Because estrogen is normally made from the developing follicles, the brain's hypothalamus, confused by the constant level of estrogen, assumes that it is due to a developing egg inside the follicle. Therefore, the hypothalamus tells the pituitary gland to stop or slow down the release of follicle stimulating hormone. Thus, the follicles don't mature and burst, and ovulation never occurs. Instead the follicle turn into small cysts on the ovaries. There have been very few good nutritional studies done on PCOS, and the only nutritional recommendations currently given is that PCOS sufferers should shed their excess weight. We have two suggestions: One is that you follow the general guidelines for anovulation. The other is that you consume yams, and elevate your levels of vitamin B6. The second suggestion is since PCOS can often be characterized by elevated Prolactin levels try following the dietary guidelines for elevated Prolactin levels: eliminate alcohol, marijuana, aspartame, dioxins in meat and dairy, too much protein and too strenuous exercise. For more information on PCOS visit...
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Infertility

Definition PCOS is a health problem that can affect a womans menstrual cycle, fertility, hormones, insulin production, heart, blood vessels, and appearance. Women with PCOS have these characteristics: high levels of male hormones, also called androgens an irregular or no menstrual cycle may or may not have many small cysts in their ovaries. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs. PCOS is the most common hormonal reproductive problem in women of childbearing age. An estimated five to 10 percent of women of childbearing age have PCOS. Causes No one knows the exact cause of PCOS. Women with PCOS frequently have a mother or sister with PCOS. But there is not yet enough evidence to say there is a genetic link to this disorder. Many women with PCOS have a weight problem. So researchers are looking at the relationship between PCOS and the bodys ability to make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the change of sugar, starches, and other food into energy for the bodys use or for storage. Since some women with PCOS make too much insulin, its possible that the ovaries react by making too many male hormones, called androgens. This can lead to acne, excessive hair growth, weight gain, and ovulation problems. Symptoms The ovaries are two small organs, one on each side of a woman's uterus. A woman's ovaries have follicles, which are tiny sacs filled with liquid that hold the eggs. These sacs are also called cysts. Each month about 20 eggs start to mature, but usually only one becomes dominant. As the one egg grows, the follicle accumulates fluid in it. When that egg matures, the follicle breaks open to release the egg so it can travel through the fallopian tube for fertilization. When the single egg leaves the follicle, ovulation takes place. In women with PCOS, the ovary doesn't make all of the hormones it needs for any of the eggs to fully mature. They may start to grow and accumulate fluid. But no one egg becomes large enough. Instead, some may remain as cysts. Since no egg matures or is released, ovulation does not occur and the hormone progesterone is not made. Without progesterone, a womans menstrual cycle is irregular or absent. Also, the cysts produce male hormones, which continue to prevent ovulation. infrequent menstrual periods, no menstrual periods, and/or irregular bleeding infertility or inability to get pregnant because of not ovulating increased growth of hair on the face, chest, stomach, back, thumbs, or toes acne, oily skin, or dandruff pelvic pain weight gain or obesity, usually carrying extra weight around the waist type 2 diabetes high cholesterol high blood pressure male-pattern baldness or thinning hair patches of thickened and dark brown or black skin on the neck, arms, breasts, or thighs skin tags, or tiny excess flaps of skin in the armpits or neck area sleep apnea?excessive snoring and breathing stops at times while asleep What tests are used to diagnose Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)? There is no single test to diagnose PCOS. Your doctor will take a medical history, perform a physical exampossibly including an ultrasound, check your hormone levels, and measure glucose, or sugar levels, in the blood. If you are producing too many male hormones, the doctor will make sure its from PCOS. At the physical exam the doctor will want to evaluate the areas of increased hair growth, so try to allow the natural hair growth for a few days before the visit. During a pelvic exam, the ovaries may be enlarged or swollen by the increased number of small cysts. This can be seen more easily by vaginal ultrasound, or screening, to examine the ovaries for cysts and the endometrium. The endometrium is the lining of the uterus. The uterine lining may become thicker if there has not been a regular period. Treatment Because there is no cure for PCOS, it needs to be managed to prevent problems. Treatments are based on the symptoms
each patient is having and whether she wants to conceive or needs contraception. Below are descriptions of treatments used for PCOS. Birth control pills. For women who dont want to become pregnant, birth control pills can regulate menstrual cycles, reduce male hormone levels, and help to clear acne. However, the birth control pill does not cure PCOS. The menstrual cycle will become abnormal again if the pill is stopped. Women may also think about taking a pill that only has progesterone, like Provera, to regulate the menstrual cycle and prevent endometrial problems. But progesterone alone does not help reduce acne and hair growth. Diabetes Medications. The medicine, Metformin, also called Glucophage, which is used to treat type 2 diabetes, also helps with PCOS symptoms. Metformin affects the way insulin regulates glucose and decreases the testosterone production. Abnormal hair growth will slow down and ovulation may return after a few months of use. These medications will not cause a person to become diabetic. Fertility Medications. The main fertility problem for women with PCOS is the lack of ovulation. Even so, her husbands sperm count should be checked and her tubes checked to make sure they are open before fertility medications are used. Clomiphene (pills) and Gonadotropins (shots) can be used to stimulate the ovary to ovulate. PCOS patients are at increased risk for multiple births when using these medications. In vitro Fertilization (IVF) is sometimes recommended to control the chance of having triplets or more. Metformin can be taken with fertility medications and helps to make PCOS women ovulate on lower doses of medication. Medicine for increased hair growth or extra male hormones. If a woman is not trying to get pregnant there are some other medicines that may reduce hair growth. Spironolactone is a blood pressure medicine that has been shown to decrease the male hormones effect on hair. Propecia, a medicine taken by men for hair loss, is another medication that blocks this effect. Both of these medicines can affect the development of a male fetus and should not be taken if pregnancy is possible. Other non-medical treatments such as electrolysis or laser hair removal are effective at getting rid of hair. A woman with PCOS can also take hormonal treatment to keep new hair from growing. Surgery. Although it is not recommended as the first course of treatment, surgery called ovarian drilling is available to induce ovulation. The doctor makes a very small incision above or below the navel, and inserts a small instrument that acts like a telescope into the abdomen. This is called laparoscopy. The doctor then punctures the ovary with a small needle carrying an electric current to destroy a small portion of the ovary. This procedure carries a risk of developing scar tissue on the ovary. This surgery can lower male hormone levels and help with ovulation. But these effects may only last a few months. This treatment doesn't help with increased hair growth and loss of scalp hair. A healthy weight. Maintaining a healthy weight is another way women can help manage PCOS. Since obesity is common with PCOS, a healthy diet and physical activity help maintain a healthy weight, which will help the body lower glucose levels, use insulin more efficiently, and may help restore a normal period. Even loss of 10% of her body weight can help make a woman's cycle more regular. How does Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) affect a woman while pregnant? There appears to be a higher rate of miscarriage, gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced high blood pressure, and premature delivery in women with PCOS. Researchers are studying how the medicine, metformin, prevents or reduces the chances of having these problems while pregnant, in addition to looking at how the drug lowers male hormone levels and limits weight gain in women who are obese when they get pregnant. No one yet knows if metformin is safe for pregnant women. Because the drug crosses the placenta, doctors are concerned that the baby could be affected by the drug. Research is ongoing. Does Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) put women at risk for other conditions? Women with PCOS can be at an increased risk for developing several other conditions. Irregular menstrual periods and the absence of ovulation cause women to produce the hormone estrogen, but not the hormone progesterone. Without progesterone, which causes the endometrium to shed each month as a menstrual period, the endometrium becomes thick, which can cause heavy bleeding or irregular bleeding. Eventually, this can lead to endometrial hyperplasia or cancer. Women with PCOS are also at higher risk for diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Getting the symptoms under control at an earlier age may help to reduce this risk. Does Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) change at menopause? Researchers are looking at how male hormone levels change as women with PCOS grow older. They think that as women reach menopause, ovarian function changes and the menstrual cycle may become more normal. But even with falling male hormone levels, excessive hair growth continues, and male pattern baldness or thinning hair gets worse after menopause. Dietary Recomendations There have been very few good nutritional studies done on PCOS, and the only nutritional recommendations currently given is that PCOS sufferers should shed their excess weight. We have two suggestions: One is that you follow the general guidelines for anovulation. The other is that you consume yams, and elevate your levels of vitamin B6. The second suggestion is since PCOS can often be characterized by elevated Prolactin levels try following the dietary guidelines for elevated Prolactin levels: eliminate alcohol, marijuana, aspartame, dioxins in meat and dairy, too much protein and too strenuous exercise. Increase essential fatty acid intake.
Dietary Recomendations for Elevated Prolactin Levels
Elevated Prolactin levels

Normally, Prolactin is released by the pituitary gland after pregnancy to allow breast feeding. It directly stimulates the breasts to produce milk and inhibits the release of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, thus preventing ovulation. In women who are not post partum, elevated Prolactin levels can be caused by a Prolactin-microadenoma, a small benign tumor in the pituitary gland. Other things that can raise Prolactin levels include alcohol (even one glass of wine per week), large consumption of protein, antidepressant medication, headache medicine, painkillers such as menstrual cramp medication, and hallucinogens, such as marijuana. Aspartame, found in NutraSweet and Equal, can also raise Prolactin levels. The high, consistent level of Prolactin hormone, if inappropriately present, in non-breastfeeding women, will cause a too-short luteal phase, inhibit ovulation, and thus cause infertility. PCOS and hypothyroidism can also be associated with elevated Prolactin levels. Vitamin B6 protects against elevated serum Prolactin levels.
Dietary Recomendations for Prostaglandins

Prostaglandin
Prostaglandin can impair the functioning of the corpus luteum, adversely affecting progesterone production in the luteal phase. Avoiding arachidonic acid, a precursor of prostaglandin, can correct this problem. Arachidonic acid is found in animal fat.
Dietary Recomendations for Healthy Sperm

Sperm Count, Motility, and Morphology
Nutritional solutions are available for problems with sperm count, sperm morphology, sperm motility, and sperm clumping. First of all, stick to olive and sesame seed oil; cotton seed oil, in particular has been linked to decreased sperm production. Other things that low sperm count are smoking, food coloring, dioxins, trans-fats, and too vigorous exercise. Vitamin C is beneficial to sperm count, motility, and morphology, as well as for men who have sperm clumping. Garlic, whole grains, and nuts are also helpful. Nuts are particularly beneficial, because of their zinc content, and also because they are one for the very few foods containing arginine, which increases sperm count and motility. For More Information...
Male Fertility - Improve Sperm Quality
Male Infertility - Improving Sperm Quality

Back to Male Infertility Home Things to Avoid Sperm Diet & Nutrition
It takes 100 days for sperm to develop (74 to form and 20-30 to mature), therefore addressing sperm health concerns 100 days before conception is important. Three main factors make up 'good sperm': - Sperm count (more than 20 million per millilitre of ejaculate) - Morphology (shape of the sperm) - Motility (how fast and straight the sperm swim)
Things to start today

- eat healthy, take a multivitamin/multimineral. - talk to a natural healthcare provider and do a liver detox. - learn coping techniques for stress and incorporate them into your every day (meditation, stretching, reading, breathing, qigong, taiji). - get weekly acupuncture treatments to promote general health, reduce stress, and ensure smooth energy & blood flow throughout the body. - stay active, take the stairs, walk or cycle to work, go swimming, hit the gym (not too hard). - make a commitment to engaging in and enjoying regular sex with your partner.
- stop smoking, cut down on alcohol, avoid drug intake (of all types), and keep it to 1 or 2 cups of coffee in the morning only. - drink more water, semen is made mostly of water (your whole body is 70% water).
Things to Avoid
High Temperatures The body is 37 degrees celcius. Sperm functions best at 32 degrees celcius. Long distance driving or sitting, hot baths, saunas, hot tubs, tight fitting underwear, and athletic support straps, all can raise the temperature of the scrotum, thus 'cooking' the sperm. Stress Blood gets routed by all means to vital organs for survival such as the lungs, heart, and brain in times of stress. Obviously the testes are malnourished when the body is under constant stress. Alcohol Take a breath, if you stop now, most damage done by drinking will be repaired naturally. Alcohol interferes with the secretion of testosterone, speeds up the conversion of testosterone into estrogen, lowers sperm count and sex drive. The breakdown product of alcohol in the body is acetaldehyde, which is toxic to sperm. Smoking and Male Fertility Smoking increases the number of free radicals in the body which do damage to many cells. It reduces sperm count and motility, and increases the number of abnormally shaped sperm. Free radicals that are said to be responsible for 40 percent of sperm damage can be battled with antioxidants such as vitamin C, E, beta-carotene, selenium, zinc, blackberries, blueberries, garlic, kale, strawberries, brussels sprouts, plums, alfalfa sprouts, broccoli, red peppers, grapeseed extract, and pine bark extract. Drugs Aside from the many prescription drugs that effect fertility, the chemical ingredient in Marijuana is very closely related to testosterone, therefore the body will produce less of the male hormone. It builds up in the testes lowering libido, causing impotence, and sometimes sexual anxiety. The effects of cocaine are similar in some aspects. Caffeine May impair sperm production, cause chromosomal abnormalities, and effect sperm motility. Medical Problems Hernia surgery, tubule infection, chlamydia, or mumps may effect sperm count. Diabetes can also have detrimental effects on male fertility. Exercise Yes, it is good for you, although, excessive amounts that punish the body may lower sperm count and temporarily reduce testosterone production. Toxins and Pollutants Pesticides and heavy metals are terrible for sperm. Since the start of the use of pesticides since World War II, male sperm counts have plummited. Note: pesticides are designed to disrupt the reproductive cycle of the insect, fungus, or weed it is trying to kill! I think there may be a corelation here. Eat Organic! Also watch exposure to X-rays, solvents, paint products, and toxic metals. Environmental Estrogens The meat we eat is filled with hormones, unless it is organic. Estrogens are now found in our drinking water. Plastics also give off estrogens. Do not microwave plastic, and try to drink from glass containers. If you are drinking water from a plastic bottle, try to limit its exposure to the sun.
Sperm Diet & Nutrition

Free radicals (which float around the body and damage other cells) are said to be responsible for 40 percent of sperm damage can be battled with antioxidants such as vitamin C, E, beta-carotene, selenium, zinc, blackberries, blueberries, garlic, kale, strawberries, brussels sprouts, plums, alfalfa sprouts, broccoli, red peppers, grapeseed extract, and pine bark extract. Certain nutrients are quite important to the healthy production of sperm. The following are a list of those nutrients, foods sources of them, and the recommended nutritional intake (RNI).
Amino Acids
The building blocks of life. Necessary for egg and sperm production. Some healthcare practitioners will prescribe amino acids such as l-arginine to enhance fertility. Do not take arginine if you have the herpes virus, it will cause an outbreak. Sources: protein foods such as meat, fish, eggs, dairy, lentils, peas, beans, nuts, brown rice, sunflower and pumpkin seeds,
and quinoa. Dosage: 500 mg per day of l-arginine
Vitamin A
Essential for the production of male sex hormones. It has antioxidant qualities which protects cells against damage from free radicals in the body. It also is important for the upkeep of the seminiferous tubules. A deficiency is shown to reduce sperm volume and count, and increase abnormal sperm. Sources: eggs, yellow fruits and vegetables, whole milk and milk products, dark green leafy veggies, and fish oils. Dosage: RDA 700 mcg per day. Take with foods that contain fat or oil, as well as with vitamin C, E, and zinc.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Together with zinc, B6 is essential for the formation of male sex hormones. A deficiency causes infertility in animals. Sources: molasses, brewer's yeast, whole grains, nuts, brown rice, organ and other meats, egg yolks, fish, poultry, legumes, seeds, and green leafy veggies. Dosage: RNI 1.4 mg per day, but up to 50 mg may be used per day. Note: Zinc is needed for its absorption.
Vitamin B12
Folate and B12 are needed for the synthesis of DNA and RNA. These make up the blueprint for the genetic code of the entire body. Low levels can cause abnormal sperm production, reduced sperm counts, and reduced motility. even if your count is only on the low side, supplement with B12. Sources: lamb, sardines, salmon, fermented foods that contain bacteria. Calcium aids in its absorption. Dosage: RNI from 1.5 mcg per day.
Folate (folic acid)

Needed for sperm production, count, motility, and low morphological abnormalities. Vitamin C aids in absorption. Sources: dark green leafy veggies, broccoli, organ meats, brewer's yeast, root vegetables, whole grains, oysters, salmon, milk, legumes, asparagus, oatmeal, dried figs, and avacados. Dosage: RNI 200-400 mcg per day
Vitamin C
An antioxidant that prevents damage from free radicals. It is needed for the healthy production of sperm. Low vitamin C levels have been linked with an increse in birth defects. It can increase count and motility of sperm. It is also shown to reduce clumping of sperm. Sources: citrus fruits, rosehips, cherries, sprouted alfalfa seeds, cantaloupe, strawberries, broccoli, tomatoes, sweet peppers, black currants, mangos, grapes, kiwi fruit, pineapples, asparagus, peas, potatoes, parsely, watercress, and spinach. Dosage: 500-1000 mg per day.
Vitamin E
Rats fed a diet free of vitamin e cannot reproduce. It also is an antioxidant. It may also help the sperm penetrate the egg. Deficiency leads to a degeneration of testicular tissues. Vitamin E has anticoagulant properties, so caution if taking blood thinners. Sources: cold pressed oils, wheat germ, organ meats, molasses, eggs, sweet potatoes, leafy veggies, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and avacados. Dosage: >4 mg
Selenium
Deficiency may cause infertility. It is needed to properly shape sperm and to maintain count. It may have a key role in the functioning of the epididymis. It is an antioxidant which protects the cells in the sperm that have a high fat content. Sources: tuna, herring, brewer's yeast, wheat germ and bran, whole grains, and sesame seeds. Dosage: RNI 75 mcg per day
Manganese
Manganese competes with iron for absorption. It is advisable to take manganese supplements with protein foods and vitamin C. Deficiency may cause testicular degeneration, congenital malformations, sterility, low sex drive, low sperm count, and an increase in the number of cells that degenerate in the epididymis. Deficiency may also inhibit the synthesis of sex hormones. Sources: whole grains, green leafy veggies, carrots, broccoli, ginger, legumes, nuts, pineapples, eggs, oats, and rye. Dosage: RNI 1.4 mg per day
Zinc
Deficiencies of Zinc are quite common. Zinc is important for the cell division and the production of healthy sperm. It is the most critical trace mineral for male sexual function. It is needed for testosterone metabolism, testicle growth, sperm production, motility, count, reducing excess estrogen in male reproductive tissue. Every time a man ejaculates he loses about 5 mg of zinc. Alcohol depletes zinc in the body. Folic acid, tea, coffee, high fiber intake, and iron may inhibit absorption. Vitamin B6 and C may aid absorption. Sources: lean meat, fish, seafood, chicken, eggs, pumpkin and sunflower seeds, rye, oats, whole grains, legumes, ginger, parsley, mushrooms, brewer's yeast, and wheat germ. Dosage: RNI 10-30 mg per day.
Coenzyme Q10
Important for energy production. ICSI fertilization rates may rise when taking this supplement. It also improves blood flow. It is present in large amounts in the seminal fluid. It protects them against free radical damage, gives sperm energy (along with fructose), and increases their motility. Dosage: 50-90 mg per day
Essential Fatty Acids

Very important to take when trying to concieve . EFA's act as hormone regulators. Omega-3 DHA and Omega-6 arachidonic acid are important structural elements of cell membranes, body tissue, and brain development in the fetus. Sperm contain high concentrations of omega-3's, in particular DHA (found in oily fish). DHA is in the sperm tail (motility).
Sources: Omega-3; flaxseed, oily fish (mackerel, herring, salmon, sardines), walnuts, green leafy veggies, and tuna (not more than 150g/week). Sources: Omega-6; seeds and their oils. Dosage: 2000 mg per day. Note: be careful if you are currently taking blood thinning medication. Also, these should be taken with antioxidants vitamins A, C, E, selenium, and grapeseed extract.
Herbs
Ginseng (Radix Ginseng, Ren Shen) may improve levels of testosterone. Tribullus (Tribullus Silvestrus, Bai Ji Li) has been found to support healthy sperm production and is used to treat sexual dysfunction (impotence and libido). Some herbs that may adversely affect fertility are St. John's Wort, Saw Palmetto, Licorice, and Echinacea. Dosage: Talk to a qualified Herbalist.

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Nutrition and Fertility

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Health Information Organization

Diet and Nutrition

Proper Eating and Nutrition for Fertility & IVF

Research articles on Acupuncture Infertility & Chinese Medicine Case Studies

The Infertility Cure

Fertility & Conception

IVF the A.R.T. of making babies

Spence Pentland, R.TCMP., DTCM

Acubalance Wellness Centre Ltd. on West 8th

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Diet and Hormones for Fertility & IVF

Nutrients and Supplements for Fertility & IVF

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)

Folate (folic acid)

Essential Fatty Acids

Dietary Dangers for Fertility & IVF

During your Pregnancy

Unpasteurized Products : Listeria

Raw Eggs : Salmonella

Undercooked Meats : Salmonella, E. Coli, Toxoplasmosis

Certain Fish : Methyl Mercury

Farm-Raised Fish : PCBs

Food Preparation Tips

Common Cooking Herbs

Are You Really Ready For This???

Hormones: keeping the balance

Anatomy & Physiology section. control,

endometriosis , just to name a couple common contributors to infertility.

Diet and Hormones for Fertility & IVF

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Weight and Hormonal Balance

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Too Little Estrogen

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Too Much Estrogen

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Too Little Progesterone

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Too Many Male Hormones

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Coping with Stress

During your Pregnancy

Unpasteurized Products : Listeria

Raw Eggs : Salmonella

Undercooked Meats : Salmonella, E. Coli, Toxoplasmosis

Certain Fish : Methyl Mercury

Farm-Raised Fish : PCBs

Food Preparation Tips

Common Cooking Herbs

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Medical Drugs (prescription and non-prescription)

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Other things to avoid...

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Dietary Recomendations for Anemia

Anemia and Infertility