Nitrox

EAD EQUIVALENT AIR DEPTH DIVING MANUAL Revision: 0
Global Offshore Pty Ltd
EAD EQUIVALENT AIR DEPTH

DIVING MANUAL
PA-D-PR-99484
Unless signed and stamped ‘controlled’ this document is current only for the date as shown at the bottom of the page.
Copy No.:
Distributed to:
Rev Description Date Prepared Checked Approved

A Issued for Approval 17/9/99 CR MY CR
0 Issued for Use 22/9/99 SW MY PH
CONTENTS
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 DETERMINATION OF CORRECT EAD SCHEDULE
3.0 DETERMINATION OF PPO2
4.0 DETERMINATION OF BOTTOM TIME
5.0 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN MIXING GAS
6.0 MIXING GAS
7.0 STEP BY STEP MIXING INSTRUCTIONS
8.0 CHECKING THE ANSWERS
9.0 MANUAL GAS MIXING SHEET
10.0 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES – SURFACE ORIENTATED DIVING
11.0 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES – BELL DIVING
12.0 EAD CALCULATION FOR 40%O2/60%N2 (TABLE 1A)
13.0 PPO2 CALCUALTION FOR 40%O2/60%N2 (TABLE 1B)
14.0 CALCULATION SHEET FOR MIXING 40%O2/60%N2 (TABLE 1C & 1D)
15.0 EAD CALCULATION FOR 32%O2/68%N2 (TABLE 2A)
16.0 PPO2 CALCULATION FOR 32%O2/68%N2 (TABLE 2B)
17.0 CALCULATION SHEET FOR MIXING 32%O2/68%N2 (TABLE 2C & 2D)
18.0 THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Equivalent Air Depth or Nitrox diving is the technique whereby the O2 in the
breathing mixture is elevated above 21%, and the balance of N2 reduced
proportionally. Due to the reduction in the nitrogen content in the breathing mixture, a
diver may work longer at set depth than a diver breathing air and have a lower N2
uptake.
A diver working at 70 fsw / 21 meters breathing a 40%O2 / 60%N2 mixture is

breathing a gas containing the same partial pressure of nitrogen as a diver working 45
fsw / 13.5 meters, and would therefore decompress on the same schedule as a diver
working at 45 fsw / 13.5 meters.
Nitrox diving is carried out using the same principles as surface orientated air diving.
Once the EAD has been calculated, the diver profile should run in accordance with the
Standard Air Diving Tables as though it was an air dive.
With the high oxygen percentage involved with Nitrox diving, all diving components in
contact with Nitrox are to be O2 cleaned to minimise the possibility of an oxygen
explosion.
During Nitrox diving the following will be adhered to:
• Oxygen analyser monitoring the divers breathing mixture at all times.
• Two (2) independent supplies of Nitrox to the working diver or divers.
• Supply to the standby diver to be separate source from the divers breathing
supplies.
• No smoking in the control van.
• Oxygen analyser monitoring the control van
• Diver’s bailout content to be Nitrox.
• Diver’s stage bottles content to be Nitrox.
• Diver tethers - gas supply hose to be O2 cleaned.
• Diver bailouts - to be O2 cleaned.
• Diver 1st stage regulators – to be O2 cleaned.
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2.0 DETERMINATION OF CORRECT EAD SCHEDULES
Although infinitely variable, operationally, 2 Nitrox mixtures are deemed to be suitable

for EAD diving by the company, they are as follows:
40%O2/60%N2 Depth range: 0 – 80 fsw

32%O2/68%N2 Depth range: 80 – 110 fsw
In order to determine the correct EAD schedule, Table 1A or 2A should be consulted.

The optimum gas mix is shown in the centre column with allowances for + 8% on either
side for a miss mix situation.
To use these tables, locate the actual depth of the diver down the left hand column,
headed DEPTH FSW, and across the top under the heading OXYGEN PERCENT,
locate the oxygen percent in the divers breathing gas.
Follow the table horizontally across from the divers depth, and vertically down from
his oxygen percent and the point of intersection will indicate the divers Equivalent Air
Depth, this depth is then used for planning the dive, and for subsequent decompression
purposes.
EXAMPLE
A dive is to be conducted to 60 fsw breathing a mixture containing 40% oxygen, by

cross reference Table 1A, the resulting Equivalent Air Depth is found to be 37 fsw.
Table 1A is designed to show the optimum oxygen mixture of 40%, which appears in
the centre column, flanked on either side by + 8%, to allow for gas mixing errors, and
table 2B is designed to show the optimum oxygen mixture of 32%, flanked on either
side by + 8%, to allow for gas mixing errors.
When calculating the EAD, it should be determined by the gas on line which has the
lowest oxygen percent, should this gas then be used during the dive, recalculation will
not be necessary.
Although the depth range for 32%O2/68%N2 is 80 – 110 fsw, it may be used from the
surface down to 110 fsw, however the benefits obtained shallower than 80 fsw are lost.
3.0 DETERMINATION OF PPO2
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If the PPO2 of the divers inspired breathing gas is required to be known, then refer to
table 1B or 2B, these tables are designed to show the optimum oxygen mixture of 40%,
and 32%, flanked on either side by + 8%, to allow for gas mixing errors.
his oxygen percent and the point of intersection will indicate the divers Partial Pressure
of oxygen.
EXAMPLE

cross referencing Table 1B, the resulting Partial Pressure of Oxygen is found to be 1.12
ATA.
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4.0 DETERMINATION OF BOTTOM TIME
The bottom time of a surface orientated dive is governed by current Health and Safety
Offshore Safety Division Diving Safety Memorandums, and these should be consulted
in order that the maximum allowable bottom time can be derived.
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5.0 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN MIXING GAS
When mixing gas, the following safety precautions are to be strictly adhered to:-
a) NEVER pump oxygen.
b) Oxygen is only to be CASCADED.
c) Ensure all OXYGEN hoses and associated fittings are OXYGEN clean
and suitable for OXYGEN use.
d) When handling H.P. gas, ie. connecting hoses, opening valves, hard hats
are to be worn, and “safety” glasses conforming to AS/NZS1337 are to
be worn.
e) When opening up gas banks, you should stand to one side and look away
from the valve whilst it is opened.
Always cascade the OXYGEN into the O2/N2 pack first, ensuring that the valve on the
OXYGEN pack meters the control of the OXYGEN, and not on the Nitrox pack, thus
the O2 hose will only be subjected to medium pressure, ie. Open the Nitrox pack up
fully, and slowly add OXYGEN by opening the valve on the OXYGEN pack.
After the correct amount of oxygen has been CASCADED into the Nitrox pack, secure
the oxygen supply, vent the hose slowly, remove the oxygen hose and insert plug, then
pump up the pack with compressed air to the desired working pressure.
Gas packs MUST be laid horizontally before, during and after mixing. After mixing,
leave a minimum of 24 hours before analysing. If the desired mixture is not obtained,
preference should be given to using the mixture as it is, providing a suitable EAD can
be derived from the mix. Re-mixing may entail an undesirable delay in stabilization.
Always ensure that on completion of mixing operations, gas packs are correctly marked
with reference to colour coding and contents, ie. 40%/O2/60%N2, this is in accordance
with The Diving Operations at Work Regulations 1981, regulation 12 (5) which states
“Each gas cylinder used in a diving operation shall be legibly marked with the name
and the chemical formula of its contents.”
6.0 MIXING GAS
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It is anticipated that the two standards O2/N2 mixes, ie. 40%O2/60%N2 and
32%O2/68%N2 will be mixed on site.
To aid correct computation of oxygen and air to be added to derive the desired mixes,
two methods have been adopted, one entitled “Step by Step Mixing Instructions”,
which incorporates calculation sheets (see section 7.0), the other, which is more direct,
is a set of gas mixing tables headed “CALCULATION SHEET FOR MIXING.”
The gas mixing tables are designed for use when an existing pack of 40/60, or 32/68 is
being increased in pressure only to a predetermined working pressure, and the O2
content is unaltered. For each mixture, there are 5 different tables, which allow for a
final working pressure of between 2200 and 3000 psi in 200-psi increments.
The tables are in 20 psi increments, and although they cater for a re-mix of up to 3000
psi, the highest “Start” pre-mix in the tables is 2000 psi, it is felt that at pressures
above 2000 psi, it is unlikely that any further mixing would be carried out.
The gas mixing tables are divided into 3 columns, headed GAS, OXY, AIR, and have
the following meanings:-
GAS Initial gas pressure of pack
OXY Final pressure after CASCADING correct amount of

oxygen into the pack
AIR Final pressure to pump pack up to with AIR to derive

correct mixture
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EXAMPLE
A gas pack containing 1140 psi of 40%O2/60%N2 requires to be made up to its

working pressure of 2200 psi whilst retaining the original gas mixture.
Step 1 Locate 1140 psi under the column headed GAS
Step 2 To the right of the column headed OXY identify

1395 psi. This is the final pressure after CASCADING the
correct amount of Oxygen.
Step 3 To the right of 1395 under the column headed AIR

identify 2200 psi, this is the final pressure of the pack
after adding the correct amount of air.
In order to achieve complete and accurate gas mixing within a reasonable period of
time, gas packs MUST be laid horizontally for mixing, and are to remain horizontal for
at least 24 hours after mixing, ideally they should remain in the horizontal position
period.
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7.0 STEP BY STEP MIXING INSTRUCTIONS
If gas mixing is to be conducted without reference to the tables described in Section 6.0
then the MANUAL GAS MIXING SHEET should be used.
The MANUAL GAS MIXING SHEET should be completed by filling in the boxes in
ascending numerical order starting with box No.1.
BOX NO BOX ENTRY
1. Enter initial mix, ie. 40/60. (O2/N2)
2. Enter PSI of initial mix.
3. Enter PSI of O2 in initial mix by multiplying PSI from

box 2 by the O2 content, ie., 40, and divide the answer by
100.
4. Enter PSI of N2 in initial mix by deducting figure in box

3 from the figure in box 2.
5. Enter desired mix, ie. 40/60. (O2/N2)
6. Enter PSI of desired mix.
7. Enter PSI of O2 in desired mix by multiplying PSI from

box 6 by the O2 content, ie., 40, and divide the answer by
100.
8. Enter Psi of N2 in desired mix by deducting figure in box

7 from the figure in box 6.
9. Enter result of box 8 minus box 4.
10. Enter the result of box 9 multiplied by 21, and divided by

79.
11. Enter result of box 7 less total of box’s 3 & 10.
12. Enter the result from box 11.
13. Enter the sum of box 9 & 10.
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• If the total of box 3 & 10 exceed the figure in box 7, then the mix cannot be
achieved unless the initial pack pressure is decreased, or the final pack
pressure increased.
The results in box’ s 12 and 13 indicate how much oxygen and air to add to our original
mix to derive the final mix at 2200 psi.
As an example, consider the following gas mix calculations:-
Initial Mix: 1000 psi of 40/60 O2/N2

Desired Mix: 2200 psi of 40/60 O2/N2
The following would therefore be entered into the boxes:-
1. 40/60 5. 40/60 9. 720 13. 911

2. 1000 6. 2200 10. 191
3. 400 7. 880 11. 289
4. 600 8. 1320 12. 289
In this example, we will need to add 289 psi of oxygen (answer in box 12), and 911 psi
of air (answer in box 13)
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8.0 CHECKING THE ANSWERS
Before any mixing takes place, it is imperative that the calculation is checked this is
accomplished in two ways: -
1. Re-check all workings, and

2. Confirm that the gases added will derive the desired mix.
Proceed as follows: -
After re-checking all workings, check that the following are correct (numbers refer to
the entries in the box’s):-
a) Total of 2, 12 and 13 = 6
b) Total of 3, 10 and 11 = 7
c) Total of 4 and 9 =8
This being the case, then the desired mixture will be correct.
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9.0 MANUAL GAS MIXING SHEET
O2/N2 PSI PSI O2 PSI N2 PSI TO ADD

1 2 3 4
INITIAL MIX
11 12
02
10 9 13
AIR
5 6 7 8
DESIRED MIX
After completing this manual gas mixing sheet box’s 12 & 13 indicate respectively how
much Oxygen and Air in PSI, to add to the initial mix to derive the desired mix.
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10.0 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES – SURFACE ORIENTATED DIVING
During all diving operations, the diver’s on line gas supply is to be continuously
analysed for O2 content, with Hi/Lo audio/visual alarms fitted.
During all diving operations there will be a back up supply of an appropriate Nitrox
mix on line to the divers gas supply panel, and if a third supply is deemed necessary,
this should also be Nitrox. The divers bailout bottle and any stage gas will also contain
the same Nitrox mix as the diver is breathing.
Although there are a number of variables to take into consideration in the event the
diver does breathe air under pressure during the dive, ie., incorrect gas mixture on line,
in the event the diver does breathe air at any time during a dive, the following is to be
strictly adhered to:-
Abort the dive and decompress the diver as though he had breathed AIR
throughout the entire dive.
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11.0 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES – BELL DIVING
If an EAD dive is to be conducted from a diving bell, precautions are to be taken to

ensure that the bell atmosphere does not exceed 25% Oxygen, this is to eliminate the
fire risk.
In order to determine the correct decompression profile to be used, bearing in mind that
the diver may spend some time in the bell breathing air., then conduct his dive on a
Nitrox mix, the depth of the bell, and the EAD of the diver must be taken into
consideration, and the deepest of the two used for decompression purposes.
When considering the bell depth, always assume it contains 21%, do not attempt to
calculate bell EAD based on a higher oxygen percent, which may be present in the bell.
In order to simplify operational planning, if the working depth of the dive is known in
advance, then the bell should be positioned at the Equivalent Air Depth of the dive.
However, 3 situations may exist during the bell EAD diving:-
The bell depth may be SHALLOWER than the EAD of the dive
The bell depth may be DEEPER than the EAD of the dive
The bell depth may be EQUAL to the EAD of the dive
In all 3 situations, the deepest depth taking into account the bell and lockout divers
depth must be used for decompression purposes.
In the event the diver breathes AIR during his downward excursion dive from the bell,
then decompression is to be carried out as though the diver had breathed AIR
throughout the entire dive, ie. if the diver is working at 50 fsw breathing a 40% O2
mixture with a corresponding EAD of 30 fsw, and for any period of time during the
dive breathes AIR, then he will be decompressed as if he had dived to 50 fsw breathing
AIR.
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12.0 EAD CALCULATION 40%O2/60%N2
The following tables are used to derive the Equivalent Air Depth of a dive based on a
40% oxygen percent in the divers breathing gas, with allowances of + 8% for mis-
mixing.
his oxygen percent, the point of intersection will indicate the divers Equivalent Air
purposes.
In table 1A, ** denotes that the PPO2 exceeds 1.4 ATA, and is not to be used for
operational diving.
EXAMPLE

cross-referencing Table 1A, the resulting Equivalent Air Depth is found to be 37 fsw.
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TABLE 1A
EQUIVALENT AIR DEPTH
DEPTH OXYGEN PERCENT

FSW 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48
20 12 11 9 8 7 5 4 3 1
22 14 12 11 10 8 7 5 4 3
24 16 14 13 11 10 8 7 5 4
26 17 16 14 13 11 10 8 7 5
28 19 17 16 14 13 11 10 8 7
30 21 19 18 16 14 13 11 10 8
32 22 21 19 18 16 14 13 11 9
34 24 22 21 19 17 16 14 12 11
36 26 24 22 21 19 17 15 14 12
38 28 26 24 22 20 19 17 15 13
40 29 27 26 24 22 20 18 16 15
42 31 29 27 25 23 22 20 18 16
44 33 31 29 27 25 23 21 19 17
46 35 33 31 29 27 25 23 21 19
48 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20
50 38 36 34 32 30 27 25 23 21
52 40 38 35 33 31 29 27 25 22
54 41 39 37 35 33 30 28 26 24
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TABLE 1A

FSW 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48
56 43 41 39 36 34 32 30 27 25
58 45 43 40 38 36 33 31 29 26
60 47 44 42 39 37 35 32 30 28
62 48 46 43 41 39 36 34 31 29
64 50 48 45 43 40 38 35 33 **
66 52 49 47 44 42 39 37 34 **
68 53 51 48 46 43 41 38 ** **
70 55 53 50 47 45 42 40 ** **
72 57 54 52 49 46 44 41 ** **
74 59 56 53 50 48 45 ** ** **
76 60 58 55 52 49 47 ** ** **
78 62 59 56 54 51 ** ** ** **
80 64 61 58 55 52 ** ** ** **
82 65 63 60 57 54 ** ** ** **
84 67 64 61 58 ** ** ** ** **
86 69 66 63 60 ** ** ** ** **
88 71 68 65 61 ** ** ** ** **
90 72 69 66 ** ** ** ** ** **
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13.0 PPO2 CALCULATION FOR 40%O2/60%N2
The following table identified as Table 1B, is used to derive the partial Pressure of
Oxygen in the divers breathing gas, with allowances of + 8% for mis-mixing.
his oxygen percent and the point of intersection will indicate the divers partial Pressure
of Oxygen, the resulting partial pressure of Oxygen is used to determine maximum
bottom time.
In Table 1B, figures to the right of the stepped line indicate those PPO2’s that
exceed 1.4 ATA.
EXAMPLE

cross referencing Table 1B, the resulting Partial Pressure of Oxygen is found to be 1.12
ATA.
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TABLE 1B
PARTIAL PRESSURE
OF OXYGEN

FSW 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48
20 0.51 0.54 0.57 0.61 0.64 0.67 0.70 0.73 0.77
22 0.53 0.56 0.60 0.63 0.66 0.70 0.73 0.76 0.80
24 0.55 0.58 0.62 0.65 0.69 0.72 0.76 0.79 0.82
26 0.57 0.60 0.64 0.67 0.71 0.75 0.78 0.82 0.85
28 0.59 0.62 0.66 0.70 0.73 0.77 0.81 0.85 0.88
30 0.61 0.64 0.68 0.72 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.87 0.91
32 0.63 0.66 0.70 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.90 0.94
34 0.64 0.69 0.73 0.77 0.81 0.85 0.89 0.93 0.97
36 0.66 0.71 0.75 0.79 0.83 0.87 0.92 0.96 1.00
38 0.68 0.73 0.77 0.81 0.86 0.90 0.94 0.98 1.03
40 0.70 0.75 0.79 0.84 0.88 0.92 0.97 1.01 1.06
42 0.72 0.77 0.81 0.86 0.90 0.95 0.99 1.04 1.09
44 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.88 0.93 0.97 1.02 1.07 1.12
46 0.76 0.81 0.86 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.14
48 0.78 0.83 0.88 0.93 0.98 1.03 1.09 1.12 1.17
50 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20
52 0.82 0.87 0.92 0.97 1.03 1.08 1.13 1.18 1.23
54 0.84 0.89 0.94 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.16 1.21 1.26
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TABLE 1B
PARTIAL PRESSURE
OF OXYGEN

FSW 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48
56 0.86 0.91 0.97 1.02 1.07 1.13 1.18 1.24 1.29
58 0.88 0.93 0.99 1.04 1.10 1.15 1.21 1.26 1.32
60 0.90 0.95 1.01 1.07 1.12 1.18 1.24 1.29 1.35
62 0.92 0.97 1.03 1.09 1.15 1.20 1.26 1.32 1.38
64 0.94 0.99 1.05 1.11 1.17 1.23 1.29 1.35 1.41
66 0.96 1.02 1.08 1.14 1.20 1.26 1.32 1.38 1.44
68 0.97 1.04 1.10 1.16 1.22 1.28 1.34 1.40 1.46
70 0.99 1.06 1.12 1.18 1.24 1.31 1.37 1.43 1.49
72 1.01 1.08 1.14 1.20 1.27 1.33 1.40 1.46 1.52
74 1.03 1.10 1.16 1.23 1.29 1.36 1.42 1.49 1.55
76 1.05 1.12 1.18 1.25 1.32 1.38 1.45 1.51 1.58
78 1.07 1.14 1.21 1.27 1.34 1.41 1.48 1.54 1.61
80 1.09 1.16 1.23 1.30 1.36 1.43 1.50 1.57 1.64
82 1.11 1.18 1.25 1.32 1.39 1.46 1.53 1.60 1.67
84 1.13 1.20 1.27 1.34 1.41 1.48 1.56 1.63 1.70
86 1.15 1.22 1.29 1.37 1.44 1.51 1.58 1.65 1.73
88 1.17 1.24 1.32 1.39 1.46 1.54 1.61 1.68 1.76
90 1.19 1.26 1.34 1.41 1.49 1.56 1.64 1.71 1.78
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14.0 CALCULATION SHEETS FOR MIXING 40%O2/60%N2
The following tables are used to derive the amount of Oxygen and Air to add to a pack
of gas containing a pre-mixed gas, and to re-mix it back up to a pre-determined final
working pressure. The gas mixing tables are divided into 3 columns, headed GAS,
OXY, AIR, and have the following meanings:-

oxygen into the pack.

correct mixture.
EXAMPLE

Step 2 To the right under the column headed OXY

identify 1395 psi. This is the final pressure after
CASCADING the correct amount of Oxygen.

identify 2200 psi, this is final pressure of the pack after
adding the correct amount of air.
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CALCULATION SHEET FOR MIXING

40%O2/60%N2
BACK TO 40%O2/60%N2 AT
2600 PSI
GAS OXY AIR GAS OXY AIR GAS OXY AIR GAS OXY AIR
20 641 2600 520 1020 2600 1020 1400 2600 1520 1780 2600
40 656 2600 540 1035 2600 1040 1415 2600 1540 1795 2600
60 671 2600 560 1051 2600 1060 1430 2600 1560 1810 2600
80 686 2600 580 1066 2600 1080 1446 2600 1580 1825 2600
100 701 2600 600 1081 2600 1100 1461 2600 1600 1841 2600
120 716 2600 620 1096 2600 1120 1476 2600 1620 1856 2600
140 732 2600 640 1111 2600 1140 1491 2600 1640 1871 2600
160 747 2600 660 1127 2600 1160 1506 2600 1660 1886 2600
180 762 2600 680 1142 2600 1180 1522 2600 1680 1901 2600
200 777 2600 700 1157 2600 1200 1537 2600 1700 1916 2600
220 792 2600 720 1172 2600 1220 1552 2600 1720 1932 2600
240 808 2600 740 1187 2600 1240 1567 2600 1740 1947 2600
260 823 2600 760 1203 2600 1260 1582 2600 1760 1962 2600
280 838 2600 780 1218 2600 1280 1597 2600 1780 1977 2600
300 853 2600 800 1233 2600 1300 1613 2600 1800 1992 2600
320 868 2600 820 1248 2600 1320 1628 2600 1820 2008 2600
340 884 2600 840 1263 2600 1340 1643 2600 1840 2023 2600
360 899 2600 860 1278 2600 1360 1658 2600 1860 2038 2600
380 914 2600 880 1294 2600 1380 1673 2600 1880 2053 2600
400 929 2600 900 1309 2600 1400 1689 2600 1900 2068 2600
420 944 2600 920 1324 2600 1420 1704 2600 1920 2084 2600
440 959 2600 940 1339 2600 1440 1719 2600 1940 2099 2600
460 975 2600 960 1354 2600 1460 1734 2600 1960 2114 2600
480 990 2600 980 1370 2600 1480 1749 2600 1980 2129 2600
500 1005 2600 1000 1385 2600 1500 1765 2600 2000 2144 2600
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40%O2/60%N2
2400 PSI
20 592 2400 520 972 2400 1020 1352 2400 1520 1732 2400
40 608 2400 540 987 2400 1040 1367 2400 1540 1747 2400
60 623 2400 560 1003 2400 1060 1382 2400 1560 1762 2400
80 638 2400 580 1018 2400 1080 1397 2400 1580 1777 2400
100 653 2400 600 1033 2400 1100 1413 2400 1600 1792 2400
120 668 2400 620 1048 2400 1120 1428 2400 1620 1808 2400
140 684 2400 640 1063 2400 1140 1443 2400 1640 1823 2400
160 699 2400 660 1078 2400 1160 1458 2400 1660 1838 2400
180 714 2400 680 1094 2400 1180 1473 2400 1680 1853 2400
200 729 2400 700 1109 2400 1200 1489 2400 1700 1868 2400
220 744 2400 720 1124 2400 1220 1504 2400 1720 1884 2400
240 759 2400 740 1139 2400 1240 1519 2400 1740 1899 2400
260 775 2400 760 1154 2400 1260 1534 2400 1760 1914 2400
280 790 2400 780 1170 2400 1280 1549 2400 1780 1929 2400
300 805 2400 800 1185 2400 1300 1565 2400 1800 1944 2400
320 820 2400 820 1200 2400 1320 1580 2400 1820 1959 2400
340 835 2400 840 1215 2400 1340 1595 2400 1840 1975 2400
360 851 2400 860 1230 2400 1360 1610 2400 1860 1990 2400
380 866 2400 880 1246 2400 1380 1625 2400 1880 2005 2400
400 881 2400 900 1261 2400 1400 1641 2400 1900 2020 2400
420 896 2400 920 1276 2400 1420 1656 2400 1920 2035 2400
440 911 2400 940 1291 2400 1440 1671 2400 1940 2051 2400
460 927 2400 960 1306 2400 1460 1686 2400 1960 2066 2400
480 942 2400 980 1322 2400 1480 1701 2400 1980 2081 2400
500 957 2400 1000 1337 2400 1500 1716 2400 2000 2096 2400
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40%O2/60%N2
2200 PSI
20 544 2200 520 924 2200 1020 1304 2200 1520 1684 2200
40 559 2200 540 939 2200 1040 1319 2200 1540 1699 2200
60 575 2200 560 954 2200 1060 1334 2200 1560 1714 2200
80 590 2200 580 970 2200 1080 1349 2200 1580 1729 2200
100 605 2200 600 985 2200 1100 1365 2200 1600 1744 2200
120 620 2200 620 1000 2200 1120 1380 2200 1620 1759 2200
140 635 2200 640 1015 2200 1140 1395 2200 1640 1775 2200
160 651 2200 660 1030 2200 1160 1410 2200 1660 1790 2200
180 666 2200 680 1046 2200 1180 1425 2200 1680 1805 2200
200 681 2200 700 1061 2200 1200 1441 2200 1700 1820 2200
220 696 2200 720 1076 2200 1220 1456 2200 1720 1835 2200
240 711 2200 740 1091 2200 1240 1471 2200 1740 1851 2200
260 727 2200 760 1106 2200 1260 1486 2200 1760 1866 2200
280 742 2200 780 1122 2200 1280 1501 2200 1780 1881 2200
300 757 2200 800 1137 2200 1300 1516 2200 1800 1896 2200
320 772 2200 820 1152 2200 1320 1532 2200 1820 1911 2200
340 787 2200 840 1167 2200 1340 1547 2200 1840 1927 2200
360 803 2200 860 1182 2200 1360 1562 2200 1860 1942 2200
380 818 2200 880 1197 2200 1380 1577 2200 1880 1957 2200
400 833 2200 900 1213 2200 1400 1592 2200 1900 1972 2200
420 848 2200 920 1228 2200 1420 1608 2200 1920 1987 2200
440 863 2200 940 1243 2200 1440 1623 2200 1940 2003 2200
460 878 2200 960 1258 2200 1460 1638 2200 1960 2018 2200
480 894 2200 980 1273 2200 1480 1653 2200 1980 2033 2200
500 909 2200 1000 1289 2200 1500 1668 2200 2000 2048 2200
G:\Qa\Diving\Dpr99484 19/6/09 25 of 37
15.0 EAD CALCULATION FOR 32%O2/68%N2
The following tables are used to derive the Equivalent Air Depth of a dive based on a
32% oxygen percent in the divers breathing gas, with allowances of + 8% for mis-
mixing.
his oxygen percent and the point of intersection will indicate the divers Equivalent Air
purposes.
In the table ** denotes that the PPO2 exceeds 1.4 ATA, and is not to be used for
operational diving.
EXAMPLE

cross-referencing Table 2A, the resulting Equivalent Air Depth is found to be 76 fsw.
G:\Qa\Diving\Dpr99484 19/6/09 26 of 37
TABLE 2A

FSW 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
20 17 16 15 13 12 11 9 8 7
22 19 18 17 15 14 12 11 10 8
24 21 20 18 17 16 14 13 11 10
26 23 22 20 19 17 16 14 13 11
28 25 24 22 21 19 17 16 14 13
30 27 26 24 22 21 19 18 16 14
32 29 27 26 24 22 21 19 18 16
34 31 29 28 26 24 22 21 19 17
36 33 31 29 28 26 24 22 21 19
38 35 33 31 29 28 26 24 22 20
40 37 35 33 31 29 27 26 24 22
42 39 37 35 33 31 29 27 25 23
44 41 39 37 35 33 31 29 27 25
46 43 41 39 37 35 33 31 29 27
48 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28
50 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30
52 48 46 44 42 40 38 35 33 31
54 50 48 46 44 41 39 37 35 33
TABLE 2A
G:\Qa\Diving\Dpr99484 19/6/09 27 of 37

FSW 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
56 52 50 48 45 43 41 39 36 34
58 54 52 49 47 45 43 40 38 36
60 56 54 51 49 47 44 42 39 37
62 58 55 53 51 48 46 43 41 39
64 60 57 55 52 50 48 45 43 40
66 62 59 57 54 52 49 47 44 42
68 64 61 59 56 53 51 48 46 43
70 66 63 60 58 55 53 50 47 45
72 68 65 62 60 57 54 52 49 46
74 69 67 64 61 59 56 53 50 48
76 71 69 66 63 60 58 55 52 49
78 73 70 68 65 62 59 56 54 51
80 75 72 69 67 64 61 58 55 52
82 77 74 71 68 65 63 60 57 54
84 79 76 73 70 67 64 61 58 **
86 81 78 75 72 69 66 63 60 **
88 83 80 77 74 71 68 65 61 **
90 85 82 79 75 72 69 66 ** **
TABLE 2A
G:\Qa\Diving\Dpr99484 19/6/09 28 of 37

FSW 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
92 87 84 80 77 74 71 68 ** **
94 89 85 82 79 76 73 69 ** **
96 91 87 84 81 78 74 71 ** **
98 93 89 86 83 79 76 ** ** **
100 94 91 88 84 81 78 ** ** **
102 96 93 90 86 83 79 ** ** **
104 98 95 91 88 84 ** ** ** **
106 100 97 93 90 86 ** ** ** **
108 102 99 95 91 88 ** ** ** **
110 104 100 97 93 90 ** ** ** **
112 106 102 99 95 91 ** ** ** **
114 108 104 100 97 ** ** ** ** **
116 110 106 102 99 ** ** ** ** **
118 112 108 104 100 ** ** ** ** **
120 114 110 106 102 ** ** ** ** **
G:\Qa\Diving\Dpr99484 19/6/09 29 of 37
16.0 PPO2 CALCULATION FOR 32%O2/68%N2
The following table identified as table 2B, is used to derive the Partial Pressure of
Oxygen in the divers breathing gas, with allowances of + 8% for mis-mixing.
his oxygen percent, and the point of intersection will indicate the Partial Pressure of
Oxygen, the resulting Partial Pressure of Oxygen is used to determine maximum
bottom time.
In the table figures to the right of the stepped line indicate those PPO2’s that
exceed 1.4 ATA.
EXAMPLE

cross-referencing Table 2B, the resulting Partial Pressure of Oxygen is found to be
1.23.
G:\Qa\Diving\Dpr99484 19/6/09 30 of 37
TABLE 2B
PARTIAL PRESSURE
OF OXYGEN

FSW 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
20 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.48 0.51 0.54 0.57 0.61 0.64
22 0.40 0.43 0.46 0.50 0.53 0.56 0.60 0.63 0.66
24 0.41 0.44 0.48 0.51 0.55 0.58 0.62 0.65 0.69
26 0.42 0.46 0.50 0.53 0.57 0.60 0.64 0.67 0.71
28 0.44 0.48 0.51 0.55 0.59 0.62 0.66 0.70 0.73
30 0.45 0.49 0.53 0.57 0.61 0.64 0.68 0.72 0.76
32 0.47 0.51 0.55 0.59 0.63 0.66 0.70 0.74 0.78
34 0.48 0.52 0.56 0.60 0.64 0.69 0.73 0.77 0.81
36 0.50 0.54 0.58 0.62 0.66 0.71 0.75 0.79 0.83
38 0.51 0.55 0.60 0.64 0.68 0.73 0.77 0.81 0.86
40 0.53 0.57 0.61 0.66 0.70 0.75 0.79 0.84 0.88
42 0.54 0.59 0.63 0.68 0.72 0.77 0.81 0.86 0.90
44 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.69 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.88 0.93
46 0.57 0.62 0.67 0.71 0.76 0.81 0.86 0.90 0.95
48 0.58 0.63 0.68 0.73 0.78 0.83 0.88 0.93 0.98
50 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
52 0.61 0.66 0.72 0.77 0.82 0.87 0.92 0.97 1.03
54 0.63 0.68 0.73 0.79 0.84 0.89 0.94 1.00 1.05
TABLE 2B
G:\Qa\Diving\Dpr99484 19/6/09 31 of 37
PARTIAL PRESSURE
OF OXYGEN

FSW 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
56 0.64 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.86 0.91 0.97 1.02 1.07
58 0.66 0.71 0.77 0.82 0.88 0.93 0.99 1.04 1.10
60 0.67 0.73 0.78 0.84 0.90 0.95 1.01 1.07 1.12
62 0.69 0.74 0.80 0.86 0.92 0.97 1.03 1.09 1.15
64 0.70 0.76 0.82 0.88 0.94 0.99 1.05 1.11 1.17
66 0.72 0.78 0.84 0.90 0.96 1.02 1.08 1.14 1.20
68 0.73 0.79 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.04 1.10 1.16 1.22
70 0.74 0.81 0.87 0.93 0.99 1.06 1.12 1.18 1.24
72 0.76 0.82 0.89 0.95 1.01 1.08 1.14 1.20 1.27
74 0.77 0.84 0.90 0.97 1.03 1.10 1.16 1.23 1.29
76 0.79 0.85 0.92 0.99 1.05 1.12 1.18 1.25 1.32
78 0.80 0.87 0.94 1.00 1.07 1.14 1.21 1.27 1.34
80 0.82 0.89 0.95 1.02 1.09 1.16 1.23 1.30 1.36
82 0.83 0.90 0.97 1.04 1.11 1.18 1.25 1.32 1.39
84 0.85 0.92 0.99 1.06 1.13 1.20 1.27 1.34 1.41
86 0.86 0.93 1.00 1.08 1.15 1.22 1.29 1.37 1.44
88 0.89 0.95 1.02 1.10 1.17 1.24 1.32 1.39 1.46
90 0.89 0.96 1.04 1.11 1.19 1.26 1.34 1.41 1.49
TABLE 2B
PARTIAL PRESSURE
OF OXYGEN
G:\Qa\Diving\Dpr99484 19/6/09 32 of 37

FSW 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
92 0.90 0.98 1.06 1.13 1.21 1.28 1.36 1.43 1.51
94 0.92 1.00 1.07 1.15 1.23 1.30 1.38 1.46 1.53
96 0.93 1.01 1.09 1.17 1.25 1.32 1.40 1.48 1.56
98 0.95 1.03 1.11 1.19 1.27 1.34 1.42 1.50 1.58
100 0.96 1.04 1.12 1.20 1.28 1.37 1.45 1.53 1.61
102 0.98 1.06 1.14 1.22 1.30 1.39 1.47 1.55 1.63
104 0.99 1.07 1.16 1.24 1.32 1.41 1.49 1.57 1.66
106 1.01 1.09 1.17 1.26 1.34 1.43 1.51 1.60 1.68
108 1.02 1.11 1.19 1.28 1.36 1.45 1.53 1.62 1.70
110 1.04 1.12 1.21 1.30 1.38 1.47 1.56 1.64 1.73
112 1.05 1.14 1.23 1.31 1.40 1.49 1.58 1.66 1.75
114 1.06 1.15 1.24 1.33 1.42 1.51 1.60 1.69 1.78
116 1.08 1.17 1.26 1.35 1.44 1.53 1.62 1.71 1.80
118 1.09 1.18 1.28 1.37 1.46 1.55 1.64 1.73 1.83
120 1.11 1.20 1.29 1.39 1.48 1.57 1.66 1.76 1.85
17.0 CALCULATION SHEETS FOR MIXING 32%O2/68%N2
The following tables are used to derive the amount of Oxygen and Air to add to a pack
of gas containing a pre-mixed gas, and to re-mix it back up to a pre-determined final
working pressure. The gas mixing tables are divided into 3 columns, headed GAS,
OXY, AIR, and have the following meanings:-
G:\Qa\Diving\Dpr99484 19/6/09 33 of 37

oxygen into the pack.

correct mixture.
EXAMPLE

Step 2 To the right under the column headed OXY

identify 1288 psi. This is the final pressure after
CASCADING the correct amount of Oxygen.

identify 2200 psi, this is the final pressure of the pack
after adding the correct amount of air.
G:\Qa\Diving\Dpr99484 19/6/09 34 of 37

32%O2/68%N2
2600 PSI
20 641 2600 520 1020 2600 1020 1400 2600 1520 1780 2600
40 656 2600 540 1035 2600 1040 1415 2600 1540 1795 2600
60 671 2600 560 1051 2600 1060 1430 2600 1560 1810 2600
80 686 2600 580 1066 2600 1080 1446 2600 1580 1825 2600
100 701 2600 600 1081 2600 1100 1461 2600 1600 1841 2600
120 716 2600 620 1096 2600 1120 1476 2600 1620 1856 2600
140 732 2600 640 1111 2600 1140 1491 2600 1640 1871 2600
160 747 2600 660 1127 2600 1160 1506 2600 1660 1886 2600
180 762 2600 680 1142 2600 1180 1522 2600 1680 1901 2600
200 777 2600 700 1157 2600 1200 1537 2600 1700 1916 2600
220 792 2600 720 1172 2600 1220 1552 2600 1720 1932 2600
240 808 2600 740 1187 2600 1240 1567 2600 1740 1947 2600
260 823 2600 760 1203 2600 1260 1582 2600 1760 1962 2600
280 838 2600 780 1218 2600 1280 1597 2600 1780 1977 2600
300 853 2600 800 1233 2600 1300 1613 2600 1800 1992 2600
320 868 2600 820 1248 2600 1320 1628 2600 1820 2008 2600
340 884 2600 840 1263 2600 1340 1643 2600 1840 2023 2600
360 899 2600 860 1278 2600 1360 1658 2600 1860 2038 2600
380 914 2600 880 1294 2600 1380 1673 2600 1880 2053 2600
400 929 2600 900 1309 2600 1400 1689 2600 1900 2068 2600
420 944 2600 920 1324 2600 1420 1704 2600 1920 2084 2600
440 959 2600 940 1339 2600 1440 1719 2600 1940 2099 2600
460 975 2600 960 1354 2600 1460 1734 2600 1960 2114 2600
480 990 2600 980 1370 2600 1480 1749 2600 1980 2129 2600
500 1005 2600 1000 1385 2600 1500 1765 2600 2000 2144 2600
G:\Qa\Diving\Dpr99484 19/6/09 35 of 37

32%O2/68%N2
2400 PSI
20 592 2400 520 972 2400 1020 1352 2400 1520 1732 2400
40 608 2400 540 987 2400 1040 1367 2400 1540 1747 2400
60 623 2400 560 1003 2400 1060 1382 2400 1560 1762 2400
80 638 2400 580 1018 2400 1080 1397 2400 1580 1777 2400
100 653 2400 600 1033 2400 1100 1413 2400 1600 1792 2400
120 668 2400 620 1048 2400 1120 1428 2400 1620 1808 2400
140 684 2400 640 1063 2400 1140 1443 2400 1640 1823 2400
160 699 2400 660 1078 2400 1160 1458 2400 1660 1838 2400
180 714 2400 680 1094 2400 1180 1473 2400 1680 1853 2400
200 729 2400 700 1109 2400 1200 1489 2400 1700 1868 2400
220 744 2400 720 1124 2400 1220 1504 2400 1720 1884 2400
240 759 2400 740 1139 2400 1240 1519 2400 1740 1899 2400
260 775 2400 760 1154 2400 1260 1534 2400 1760 1914 2400
280 790 2400 780 1170 2400 1280 1549 2400 1780 1929 2400
300 805 2400 800 1185 2400 1300 1565 2400 1800 1944 2400
320 820 2400 820 1200 2400 1320 1580 2400 1820 1959 2400
340 835 2400 840 1215 2400 1340 1595 2400 1840 1975 2400
360 851 2400 860 1230 2400 1360 1610 2400 1860 1990 2400
380 866 2400 880 1246 2400 1380 1625 2400 1880 2005 2400
400 881 2400 900 1261 2400 1400 1641 2400 1900 2020 2400
420 896 2400 920 1276 2400 1420 1656 2400 1920 2035 2400
440 911 2400 940 1291 2400 1440 1671 2400 1940 2051 2400
460 927 2400 960 1306 2400 1460 1686 2400 1960 2066 2400
480 942 2400 980 1322 2400 1480 1701 2400 1980 2081 2400
500 957 2400 1000 1337 2400 1500 1716 2400 2000 2096 2400
G:\Qa\Diving\Dpr99484 19/6/09 36 of 37

32%O2/68%N2
2200 PSI
20 544 2200 520 924 2200 1020 1304 2200 1520 1684 2200
40 559 2200 540 939 2200 1040 1319 2200 1540 1699 2200
60 575 2200 560 954 2200 1060 1334 2200 1560 1714 2200
80 590 2200 580 970 2200 1080 1349 2200 1580 1729 2200
100 605 2200 600 985 2200 1100 1365 2200 1600 1744 2200
120 620 2200 620 1000 2200 1120 1380 2200 1620 1759 2200
140 635 2200 640 1015 2200 1140 1395 2200 1640 1775 2200
160 651 2200 660 1030 2200 1160 1410 2200 1660 1790 2200
180 666 2200 680 1046 2200 1180 1425 2200 1680 1805 2200
200 681 2200 700 1061 2200 1200 1441 2200 1700 1820 2200
220 696 2200 720 1076 2200 1220 1456 2200 1720 1835 2200
240 711 2200 740 1091 2200 1240 1471 2200 1740 1851 2200
260 727 2200 760 1106 2200 1260 1486 2200 1760 1866 2200
280 742 2200 780 1122 2200 1280 1501 2200 1780 1881 2200
300 757 2200 800 1137 2200 1300 1516 2200 1800 1896 2200
320 772 2200 820 1152 2200 1320 1532 2200 1820 1911 2200
340 787 2200 840 1167 2200 1340 1547 2200 1840 1927 2200
360 803 2200 860 1182 2200 1360 1562 2200 1860 1942 2200
380 818 2200 880 1197 2200 1380 1577 2200 1880 1957 2200
400 833 2200 900 1213 2200 1400 1592 2200 1900 1972 2200
420 848 2200 920 1228 2200 1420 1608 2200 1920 1987 2200
440 863 2200 940 1243 2200 1440 1623 2200 1940 2003 2200
460 878 2200 960 1258 2200 1460 1638 2200 1960 2018 2200
480 894 2200 980 1273 2200 1480 1653 2200 1980 2033 2200
500 909 2200 1000 1289 2200 1500 1668 2200 2000 2048 2200
G:\Qa\Diving\Dpr99484 19/6/09 37 of 37

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EAD ­ EQUIVALENT AIR DEPTH DIVING MANUAL Revision: 0

Global Offshore Pty Ltd

EAD EQUIVALENT AIR DEPTH

Rev Description Date Prepared Checked Approved

2.0 DETERMINATION OF CORRECT EAD SCHEDULE

3.0 DETERMINATION OF PPO2

4.0 DETERMINATION OF BOTTOM TIME

5.0 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN MIXING GAS

6.0 MIXING GAS

7.0 STEP BY STEP MIXING INSTRUCTIONS

8.0 CHECKING THE ANSWERS

9.0 MANUAL GAS MIXING SHEET

10.0 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES – SURFACE ORIENTATED DIVING

11.0 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES – BELL DIVING

12.0 EAD CALCULATION FOR 40%O2/60%N2 (TABLE 1A)

13.0 PPO2 CALCUALTION FOR 40%O2/60%N2 (TABLE 1B)

14.0 CALCULATION SHEET FOR MIXING 40%O2/60%N2 (TABLE 1C & 1D)

15.0 EAD CALCULATION FOR 32%O2/68%N2 (TABLE 2A)

16.0 PPO2 CALCULATION FOR 32%O2/68%N2 (TABLE 2B)

17.0 CALCULATION SHEET FOR MIXING 32%O2/68%N2 (TABLE 2C & 2D)

18.0 THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES

A diver working at 70 fsw / 21 meters breathing a 40%O2 / 60%N2 mixture is

2.0 DETERMINATION OF CORRECT EAD SCHEDULES

Although infinitely variable, operationally, 2 Nitrox mixtures are deemed to be suitable

40%O2/60%N2 Depth range: 0 – 80 fsw

In order to determine the correct EAD schedule, Table 1A or 2A should be consulted.

A dive is to be conducted to 60 fsw breathing a mixture containing 40% oxygen, by

3.0 DETERMINATION OF PPO2

A dive is to be conducted to 60 fsw breathing a mixture containing 40% oxygen, by

4.0 DETERMINATION OF BOTTOM TIME

5.0 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN MIXING GAS

a) NEVER pump oxygen.

b) Oxygen is only to be CASCADED.

6.0 MIXING GAS

GAS Initial gas pressure of pack

OXY Final pressure after CASCADING correct amount of

AIR Final pressure to pump pack up to with AIR to derive

A gas pack containing 1140 psi of 40%O2/60%N2 requires to be made up to its

Step 1 Locate 1140 psi under the column headed GAS

Step 2 To the right of the column headed OXY identify

Step 3 To the right of 1395 under the column headed AIR

7.0 STEP BY STEP MIXING INSTRUCTIONS

BOX NO BOX ENTRY

1. Enter initial mix, ie. 40/60. (O2/N2)

2. Enter PSI of initial mix.

3. Enter PSI of O2 in initial mix by multiplying PSI from

4. Enter PSI of N2 in initial mix by deducting figure in box

5. Enter desired mix, ie. 40/60. (O2/N2)

6. Enter PSI of desired mix.

7. Enter PSI of O2 in desired mix by multiplying PSI from

8. Enter Psi of N2 in desired mix by deducting figure in box

9. Enter result of box 8 minus box 4.

10. Enter the result of box 9 multiplied by 21, and divided by

11. Enter result of box 7 less total of box’s 3 & 10.

12. Enter the result from box 11.

13. Enter the sum of box 9 & 10.

As an example, consider the following gas mix calculations:-

Initial Mix: 1000 psi of 40/60 O2/N2

The following would therefore be entered into the boxes:-

1. 40/60 5. 40/60 9. 720 13. 911

8.0 CHECKING THE ANSWERS

1. Re-check all workings, and

9.0 MANUAL GAS MIXING SHEET

EAD EQUIVALENT AIR DEPTH DIVING MANUAL Revision: 0