CHAPTER II RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the method of research that has been employed in this investigation,

the locale and the population of this study, instruments that the researchers used, methods of collecting data and statistical treatment of data that the researchers gathered. Research Design This study entitled "The Physical Fitness Activities among Faculty Members of Lorma Colleges: A Basis for Physical Fitness Program" is a quantitative research that attempts to accumulate existing information and data regarding the physical fitness activities among clinical instructors. The aim for doing a quantitative research is to classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed (Miles and Huberman, 1994). This study wishes to determine the status of physical fitness activities among faculty members of Lorma Colleges. The descriptive survey is the method the researchers made used in the conduct of the study. Creswell (1994) stated that the descriptive

method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition. Descriptive method attempt to analyze, interpret and report the present status of a social institution, group or area. It included all

studies that sought to present facts concerning the nature and status of anything, group of persons, activities and conditions or any other phenomenon in which one way wishes to study. The researchers will make use of existing literature in order to obtain first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study. POPULATION AND LOCALE The study will be conducted to 173 faculty members of Lorma Colleges that serves as the respondents on this study. Total enumeration will be employed in conducting the study. The sample size derived from the total number of teaching personnel of Lorma Colleges is 173 for school year 2013-2014.

Department CMA CON CCSE SDI MT CAS Pharma RadTech MLS PT-RT Graduate School International Pre School Grade School High School DOSA Office of the director TOTAL

Total Number of Faculty Members 10 37 14 8 2 35 6 6 5 5 2 3 5 12 20 2 1 173

Table 1. Distribution of the Respondents Data Gathering Tool Collectively, the researchers employed the checklist type of the evaluation tool as a technique of instrument in gathering the data. The evaluation tool is utilized to gather the needed data in the present study. The instrument provided the basic foundation of this study's quantitative data in establishing correlation between variables and dimensions of subject respondents. The evaluation tools are formulated based on variables. The evaluation tool that was administered is composed of questions directed on the respondents regarding their physical fitness activities.

Options for the evaluators response are assigned using descriptive parameters. The researchers devised the evaluation tool, which is based from the Concept of Fitness and Wellness by Corbin, Lindsey and Welk. The researchers then excluded irrelevant questions and changed vague or difficult terminologies into simpler ones in order to ensure

comprehension. The questions are structure using the Likert format. In this survey type, five choices are provided for every question or statement. The choices represent the degree of agreement each respondent has on the given question. The questions will be answered by checking the corresponding box beside them. The Likert scale is used with the following parameters. Five-Point Scale 5 4 3 2 1 Interpretation Always Often Sometimes Seldom Never

The Likert scale was the selected evaluation tool type as this enables the evaluator to rate the respondents in accordance to the tool. In addition, this research instrument allows the research to carry out the quantitative approach effectively with the use of statistics for data interpretation. Likert scale can help the researchers determine the level

of agreement or disagreement of a respondent with the statement. It allows a participant to provide feedback that is slightly more expansive than a simple close-ended question. Data Gathering Procedure After some revisions and modification, the faculty members of Lorma Colleges will evaluate themselves according to their physical fitness activities. The permission to float the questionnaires will be obtained from the office of the Dean of the College of Nursing of Lorma Colleges. As the study requires the participation of human respondents, certain ethical issues will be addressed. The consideration of these ethical issues is necessary for the purpose of ensuring the privacy as well as the safety of the participants. Among the significant ethical issues that were considered in the research process include consent and confidentiality. In order to secure the consent of the selected

participants, the researchers relay important details of the study, including its aim and purpose. By explaining these important details, the respondents were able to understand the importance of their role in the completion of the research. The respondents will also advise that they could withdraw from the study even during the process. With this, the participants are not force to participate in the research. The

confidentiality of the participants is also ensured by not disclosing their names or personal information in the research. Only relevant details that

will help in answering the research questions were included. The researchers will personally distribute the questionnaire and guide the respondents as they go through the process of answering. Validity of the Instrument An important criterion for evaluating quantitative instruments is its validity. Validity is the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. The validity of an instrument is established by the judgment of a competent person usually in the field of the study. The evaluation tool will be critiqued and will be approved by the Dean of the College of Nursing; an expert in physical fitness; will see and will examine by an instructor specialize on this and a judgment of a competent statistician. If three or more competent persons agree and that the instrument is valid then is valid. Suggestions and

recommendations will be incorporated to improve the instrument; the tool will be produced for distribution. Statistical Treatment and Analysis Data The researchers made use of the different statistical tools to answer the problem of the study. Recognizing the limited knowledge of the researchers on the use of statistical tools in the study, they asked the help of a statistician to assist them in computations and interpretation of data. Below were the statistical tools used in treatment of data. The

gathered data will determine the physical fitness activities among faculty members of Lorma Colleges. To determine the profile of the respondents, frequency counts and percentage were used. The formula for the percentage is as follows: % = f/N x 100 Where: f = frequency N = total number of frequency After the retrieval of the evaluation tool, the raw data will be tallied, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. The researchers will use the more efficient and effective methods of analyzing data in connection with the research objectives. The different statistical treatment will be used to provide a systematic structure for the organization, analysis and interpretation of research data. To determine the average responses, the researchers will use a fivepoint scale and the study for each of these areas. Thus, weighted mean will be the formula to be used per respondents. The formula for weighted mean is as follows:

(5F1) + (4F2) + (3F3) + (2F4) + (1F5) WM = N Where: WM = Weighted mean F = frequencies per respondents N = total number of factors The five-point scale in the average weighted means as shown below was the basis for determining the descriptive interpretation of the problems as presented: Point Value 5 4 3 2 1 Statistical Range 4.20-5.00 3.40-4.19 2.60-3.39 1.80-2.59 1.00-1.79 Descriptive Equivalent Rating Always Often Sometimes Seldom Never

CHAPTER III RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the findings of the study. The data gathered were presented in tables and were reinforced by textual explanation. They were subjected to statistical analysis as presented to determine the physical fitness activities among faculty members of Lorma Colleges. Profile among Faculty Members of Lorma Colleges This section discusses the profile among faculty members of Lorma Colleges in terms of age, sex and weight. Profile among Faculty Members of Lorma Colleges in terms of age. Age refers to the period of human life, measured by years from birth, usually marked by a certain stage or degree of mental or physical development and involving legal responsibility and capacity (Zackheim, 2009). Table 1 presents the age of the respondents, which showcased age brackets as follows. Table 2. Profile as to Age. AGE 19-35 36-55 56-65 TOTAL f 92 73 8 173 % 53 42 5 100

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Table 2. Shows the age range of the respondents. Fifty-three percent (53%) of the respondents were 19-35 years old, showing that most of them were already considered as young adult. Forty-two percent (42%) of the respondents were between 36-55 years old which categorizes them as middle adult. Lastly, there are five percent (5%) of respondents who are in the ages between 56-65 years old classifying them as late adult. The apparent diversity of the maturity of the respondents reflects several implications in the study's findings. In relation of the age bracket of the respondents, the researcher could presume that in the said percentage, a considerable number could be among the young adult members of the population. Profile among Faculty Members of Lorma Colleges in terms of sex. Sex refers to the biological characteristics that define humans as female or male. While these sets of biological characteristics are not mutually exclusive, as there are individuals who possess both, they tend to differentiate humans as males and females. (WHO, 2006) Table 3. Profile as to Sex. SEX Male Female TOTAL f 63 110 173 % 36 64 100

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Table 3. The number of female respondents (64%) is close to the male (36%) with the total of 110 for females and 63 for males. Based on the figure, the dominated gender among the respondents is female. Based on the collated questionnaires, over a half of the population is composed of female respondents while 36% are males. This shows that there are mostly females who are participating in this research study. Profile among Faculty Members of Lorma Colleges in terms of weight. Table 4. Profile as to Weight WEIGHT 40-45 46-51 52-57 58-63 64-69 70-75 76-81 82-87 88-93 94-99 100-106 TOTAL f 15 30 33 46 15 24 7 0 1 1 1 173 % 8 17 19 27 8 14 4 0 1 1 1 100

Table 4. Shows the weight range of the respondents. Twenty six percent (27%) of the respondents were 58-63 kilograms. Nineteen percent (19%) of the respondents were between 52-57 kilograms. Seventeen percent (17%) of the respondents were between 46-51 kilograms. Respondents' weighs 70-75 kilograms are 14% of the total respondents.

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On the other hand, eight percent (8%) of the respondents are in the 4045 kilograms and 64-69 kilograms. Four percent (4%) of the respondents were between 76-81 kilograms. One percent (1%) of the respondents were between 88-93 kilograms, 94-99 kilograms and 100-106 kilograms. Lastly, there is zero percent of respondents who are in weight range of 82-87 kilograms. In relation of the weight bracket of the respondents, the researcher could assume that in the said percentage, a considerable number could be among the weight of 58-63 kilograms. Physical Fitness Activities of the Faculty Members of Lorma Colleges This section discusses the physical fitness activities the faculty members of Lorma Colleges indulge in. Physical Fitness Activities as to Cardiovascular Exercise. Cardiovascular exercise, also called cardiorespiratory exercise, involves movement that gets heart rate up to improve oxygen

consumption by the body. An essential part of every exercise program, cardio not only helps an individual lose or maintain weight; it helps them build endurance so they can remain active for a longer period of time. (http://www.acefitness.org/acefit/fitness-fact/1/cardiovascularexercise/)

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Table 5. Physical Fitness Activities as to Cardiovascular Exercise. Cardiovascular Exercise 1. Running no 2. Swimming no 3. Cycling no 4. Skipping no 5. Dancing no 6. Brisk Walkingyes no yes yes yes yes yes Frequency 110 63 34 139 34 139 26 147 54 119 100 73 Percentage 64% 36% 20% 80% 20% 80% 15% 85% 31% 69% 58% 42%

Table 5. Shows that sixty four percent (64%) of the respondents yield to running while thirty-six percent (36%) of them do not, displaying now that it is the most common cardiovascular exercise practiced by the respondents. Fifty-eight percent (58%) of the respondents engage in brisk walking while the remaining forty-two percent (42%) do not engage to this activity. Thirty-one percent (31%) of the respondents stated that they perform dancing whereas sixty-nine percent (69%) are not performing the said activity. Twenty percent (20%) of the respondents included swimming as one of the activities they revel in where the remaining eighty percent (80%) are not into this activity. Another twenty percent (20%) of the respondents showed that they are involved in cycling while the remaining eighty percent (80%) are not involved in this kind of activity. Lastly, fifteen percent (15%) of the respondents displayed that

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they do skipping where the remaining seventy-five percent (75%) do not perform this activity. Physical Fitness Activities as to Strength/Weight Exercise. Strength or Weight training exercises are a type of strength training exercises in which an individual use the force of gravity to build muscle strength, often through the use of fitness equipment such as dumbbells, barbell bars or gym equipment. (http://www.weight-trainingexercises.com) Table 6. Physical Fitness Activities as to Strength/Weight Exercise. Strength/Weight Exercise 1. Stationary Bicycling no 2. Dumbbell Exercises no 3. Ball Exercises no 4. Leg Exercises no 5. Stretch Exercises no yes yes yes yes yes Frequency 22 151 30 143 38 135 74 99 109 64 Percentage 13% 87% 17% 83% 22% 78% 43% 57% 63% 37%

Table 6. Shows that stretch exercise is the most common strength/weight training exercise performed by the respondents with the frequency of sixty-three percent (63%) whereas the remaining thirtyseven percent (37%) are not performing this activity. Forty-three percent (43%) of the respondents perform leg exercises while the remaining fifty-

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seven percent (57%) do not do this activity. Twenty-two percent (22%) of the respondents practice ball exercises while the remaining seventy-eight percent (78%) are not practicing this activity. Seventeen percent (17%) of the respondents adhere in dumbbell exercises while eighty-three percent (83%) do not. And finally, there are only thirteen percent (13%) of the respondents that perform stationary bicycling where the remaining eighty-seven percent (87%) are certainly not performing this activity. Physical Fitness Activities as to Balance Exercise. Balance training refers to a type of training that focuses on the ability to maintain proper posture over the body's base of support. Balance training has been shown to be beneficial for improving dynamic joint stabilization, which is the ability of the body to stabilize or keep the joints in proper alignment during

movement. (http://www.sharecare.com/health/types-of-exerciseprograms/balancetraining;jsessionid=3A457CB32AC24C38A942F43C87F56939)

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Table 7. Physical Fitness Activities as to Balance Exercise. Balance Exercise 1. Sit to Stand no 2. Heel Raises no 3. Wall Standing no 4. Stand With One Foot no 5. Heel-To-Toe Walk no yes yes yes yes yes Frequency 48 125 52 121 38 135 37 136 34 139 Percentage 28% 72% 30% 70% 22% 78% 21% 79% 20% 80%

Table 7. Shows that heel raises is the leading balance exercise practiced by thirty percent (30%) of the respondents whereas seventy percent (70%) of the total population do not practice heel raising. Twenty-eight percent (28%) of the respondents do sit to stand exercise while seventy-two percent (72%) do not do the said activity. Twenty-two percent (22%) of the respondents perform wall standing while the remaining seventy-eight percent (78%) do not perform this activity. Twenty-one percent (21%) of the respondents perform stand with one foot while the rest seventy-nine percent (79%) of the population do not perform this at all. Lastly, twenty percent (20%) of the respondents also included heel-to-toe walk in their exercise while eigthy percent (89%) of them did not.

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Physical Fitness Activities as to Flexibility Exercise. Flexibility or Stretch exercises are exercises that are designed to increase the flexibility of your muscles by elongating them. While they are not weight training exercises per se they should be allowed into your workout regiment because they have been shown to decrease the risk of injuries associated with physical activity. (http://www.weight-trainingexercises.com/stretch-exercises.html) Table 8. Physical Fitness Activities as to Flexibility Exercise. Flexibility Exercise 1. Head Nod, Tilt & Turn no 2. Wrist & Elbow Circles no 3. Side Bend & Stretch no 4. Hip Circle no 5. Ankle & Knee Circles no 6. Arm Circles no 7. Shoulder & Upper Arm Stretch yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes Frequency 71 102 67 106 64 109 67 106 55 118 82 91 94 79 Percentage 41% 59% 39% 61% 37% 63% 39% 61% 32% 68% 47% 53% 54% 46%

Table 8. Shows that shoulder and upper arm stretch is the majority flexibility exercise done by the respondents with fifty-four percent (54%) of the total population while the respondents who do not practice this activity holds the remaining forty-six percent (46%) of the

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whole population. Forty-seven percent (47%) of the respondents are into arm circles while fifty-three percent (53%) are not into it. Forty-one percent (41%) of the respondents practice head nod, tild and turn while the remaining fifty-nine percent (59%) are not practicing this activity. Thirty-nine percent (39%) of the respondents both practice wrist and elbow circles and hip circles whereas the remaining sisty one percent (61%) of the total population do not practice this at all. Thirty-seven percent (37%) of the respondents perform side bend and stretch while the remaining sixty-three (63%) do not perform this exercise. Finally, thirtytwo percent (32%) of the the total population perform ankle and knee circles while the remaining sixty-eight percent (68%) do not perform this type of activity. The Extent of Adherence to Physical Fitness Activities of the Faculty Members of Lorma Colleges This section discusses the extent of adherence to physical fitness activities of the faculty members of Lorma Colleges. Adherence is defined as the extent to which a person's behaviour taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds with agreed recommendations from a health care provider. (WHO, 2006)

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Table 9. Physical Fitness Activities as to Extent of Adherence. Items 1. I do light work around the house (such as sweeping, watering plants or vacuuming) 2. I do heavy work around the house (such as washing windows, raking, cleaning gutters) 3. I prefer using the stairs rather than elevators/escalators 4. I do activities such as lifting weights 5. I do activities such as stretching or yoga 6. I play sports or physical exercise (in gyms, sports center, school, park, or at home) 7. I engage in regular activity similar to brisk walking, jogging, bicycling, and swimming during my leisure time. 8. I spend most of my time at work standing or walking. However, my work does not require much intense physical effort 9. I do activities such as aerobics or calisthenics 10. I play sport such as basketball, badminton and tennis during my leisure time. 11. I join physical fitness programs conducted by the different departments of my institution 12. I carry light objects when attending my classes (such as projector, laptop, books, test materials, etc.) Weighted Description Mean
4.03 3.62 Often Often

3.82 2.61 2.58 2.83

Often Sometimes Seldom Sometimes

3.44

Often

3.93

Often

2.40 2.57

Seldom Seldom

2.62

Sometimes

3.98

Often

Table 9. The table implies that the respondents often comply with light work around the house like sweeping, watering the plants or vacuuming where physical fitness activity is practiced even when they are just at home.Exercising at the correct intensity can help an individual get the most out of their physical activity making sure

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theyre not overdoing or even underdoing it. Light intensity exercises are exercises that do not induce sweating unless it's a hot, humid day. There is no noticeable change in breathing

patterns.(www.weightwatchers.com/util/art/index_art.aspx?tabnum=1& art_id=20971) Data indicates that respondents who knows and engage in some light activities would help them prevent occurrence of some health problems.