Ester group Esters are the organic compound; they have general formula as RCOOR.

They are treated as the derivatives of carboxylic acids as the hydrogen of the COOH group is replaced by an alkyl group, the alkyl group may be a saturated alkyl group, unsaturated or aromatic.lactones are the cyclkic acids , the esters are found in most of the products in nature , in fruits , nuts , glycerol , in esters of fatty acids and oils, explosive slike nitroglycerine, polysetes , plastics etc, The IUPAC name of esters ifs dine according to following scheme: The ic acid of the carboxylic acid is dropped and the suffix oate is added, following are few esters with molecular formulas a and IUPAC name written in front of them. RCOOR R = CnH2n+1 CH3-COOCH3 Methyl acetate or methyl ethanoate (IUPAC) CH3COOCH2CH2 Ethyl acetate or ethyl ethanoate (IUPAC) CH3CH2CH2-COOCH2CH3 Ethyl propanoate

Ester are the compound which are formed when OR group replaces at least one OH group organic or in organic acid, R1COOH + R2OH R1COOR2 + H2O

Inorganic esters"

A phosphoric acid ester Ester is a general term for the product derived from the condensation of an oxo acid and an alcohol. Thus, the nomenclature extends to inorganic acids, especially phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid. Cyclic esters are called lactones. The preparation of an ester is known generally as an esterification reaction. For example, triphenyl phosphate is the ester derived from phosphoric acid and phenol. Organic carbonates, such as ethylene carbonate are derived from carbonic acid and ethylene glycol. The term boronic ester is widely used but these compounds are not formally esters because they lack a B=O bond. ; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.

[edit] Characterization and analysis

Esters are usually identified by gas chromatography, taking advantage of their volatility. IR spectra for esters feature an intense sharp band in the range 1600-1800 cm-1 assigned to C=O.

[edit] Applications and occurrence

Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are generally triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries.[2] Several billion kilograms of polyesters are produced industrially annually, important products being polyethylene terephthalate, acrylate esters, and cellulose acetate.[3] [ R1COOH + R2OH R1COOR2 + H2O

[edit] Alcoholysis of acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides

Alcohols react with acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides to give esters:

RCOCl + R'OH RCOOR' + HCl (RCO)2O + R'OH RCO2R' + RCO2H