Maruti Suzuki

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Maruti Suzuki India Limited

Type

Public

Traded as

BSE: 532500 NSE: MARUTI BSE SENSEX Constituent

Industry

Automotive

Predecessor(s)

Maruti Udyog Limited

Founded

1981

Headquarters

New Delhi, India[1]

Key people

RC Bhargava[2] (Chairman) Kenichi Ayukawa[3] (CEO & MD)

Products Revenue Net income Employees Parent Website

Automobiles 369.34 billion(US$6.2 billion) (2012)[4] 16.81 billion(US$280 million) (2012)[4] 6,903 (2011)[5] Suzuki[6] www.marutisuzuki.com

Maruti Suzuki India Limited (

), commonly referred to as Maruti and formerly known

as Maruti Udyog Limited, is an automobile manufacturer in India.[7] It is a subsidiary of Japanese automobile

and motorcycle manufacturer Suzuki.[6] As of November 2012, it had a market share of 37% of the Indian passenger car market.[8]Maruti Suzuki manufactures and sells a complete range of cars from the entry level Alto, to hatchback Ritz, A-Star, Swift, Wagon R, Zen and sedans DZire, Kizashi and SX4, in the 'C' segment Eeco, Omni, Multi Purpose vehicle Suzuki Ertiga and Sports Utility vehicleGrand Vitara.[9] The company's headquarters are on Nelson Mandela Road, New Delhi.[1]In February 2012, the company sold its ten millionth vehicle in India.[10]
Contents
[hide]

1 History 2 Joint venture related issues 3 Industrial relations

3.1 Manesar violence July 2012

4 Products and services

4.1 Current automobiles

o o

4.1.1 Imported automobiles

4.2 Discontinued automobiles 4.3 Manufacturing facilities

o o o o o o o

4.3.1 Gurgaon manufacturing facility 4.3.2 Manesar manufacturing facility

4.4 Sales and service network 4.5 Maruti Insurance 4.6 Maruti Finance 4.7 Maruti TrueValue 4.8 N2N Fleet Management 4.9 Accessories 4.10 Maruti Driving School

5 Issues and problems 6 Exports 7 Awards and recognition 8 See also 9 References and notes 10 External links

History[edit source | editbeta]

This section is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2012)

The old logo of Maruti Suzuki India Limited. Later the logo of Suzuki Motor Corp. was also added to it

An old Maruti 800 model from the 1980s, still in use as of 2013 in Goa. The Maruti 800 was popularly referred to as simply "Maruti"

Maruti Suzuki 800 at Nainital Uttarakhand

Originally, 18.28% of the company was owned by the Indian government, and 54.2% by Suzuki of Japan. The BJP-led government held an initial public offering of 25% of the company in June 2003. As of May 2007, the

government of India sold its complete share to Indian financial institutions and no longer has any stake in Maruti Udyog.[11] Maruti Udyog Limited (MUL) was established in February 1981, though the actual production commenced in 1983 with the Maruti 800, based on the Suzuki Alto kei car which at the time was the only modern car available in India, its only competitors- the Hindustan Ambassador and Premier Padmini were both around 25 years out of date at that point. Through 2004, Maruti Suzuki has produced over 5 Million vehicles. Maruti Suzukis are sold in India and various several other countries, depending upon export orders. Models similar to those made by Maruti in India, albeit not assembled or fully manufactured in India or Japan are sold by Pak Suzuki Motors in Pakistan. The company exports more than 50,000 cars annually and has domestic sales of 730,000 cars annually. [citation
needed]

Its manufacturing facilities are located at two facilities Gurgaonand Manesar in Haryana, south of Delhi.

Maruti Suzukis Gurgaon facility has an installed capacity of 900,000 units per annum. The Manesar facilities, launched in February 2007 comprise a vehicle assembly plant with a capacity of 550,000 units per year and a Diesel Engine plant with an annual capacity of 100,000 engines and transmissions. Manesar and Gurgaon facilities have a combined capability to produce over 14,50,000 units annually. About 35% of [8] all cars sold in India are made by Maruti. The company is 54.2% owned by the Japanese multinational Suzuki Motor Corporation per cent of Maruti Suzuki. The rest is owned by public and financial institutions. It is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange andNational Stock Exchange of India.[citation
needed]

During 2007 and 2008, Maruti Suzuki sold 764,842 cars, of which 53,024 were exported. In all, over six million Maruti Suzuki cars are on Indian roads since the first car was rolled out on 14 December 1983. Maruti Suzuki offers 15 models, Maruti 800, Alto, Maruti Alto 800,WagonR, Estilo, A-star, Ritz, Swift, Swift DZire, SX4, Omni, Eeco, Gypsy, Grand Vitara,Kizashi and the newly launched Ertiga. Swift, Swift DZire, A-star and SX4 are manufactured in Manesar, Grand Vitara and Kizashi are imported from Japan as completely built units(CBU), remaining all models are manufactured in Maruti Suzuki's Gurgaon Plant.[citation needed] The company is believed to be moving towards introduction of a new version of Maruti 800 by November 2012, which will be more fuel efficient, though slightly costlier than Alto and existing Maruti 800.[12] The Suzuki Motor Corporation, Maruti's main stakeholder, is a global leader in mini and compact cars for three decades. Suzukis strategy is to utillise light-weight, compact engines with stronger power, fuel-efficiency and performance capabilities. Nearly 75,000 people are employed directly by Maruti Suzuki and its partners. It has been rated first in customer satisfaction among all car makers in India from 1999 to 2009 by J D Power Asia Pacific.[13] Maruti Suzuki will be introducing new 800 cc model by Diwali in 2012.The model is supposed to be fuel efficient, hence more expensive.[14] With incereasing market competetion in the small car segment a new model along with the

upcomingWagonR Stingray will be the key fresh products for Maruti Suzuki India (MSI) to defend its market share amid the ever increasing competition[15] Further information: Timeline of Maruti Suzuki

Joint venture related issues[edit source | editbeta]

Relationship between the Government of India, under the United Front (India) coalition and Suzuki Motor Corporation over the joint venture was a point of heated debate in the Indian media until Suzuki Motor Corporation gained the controlling stake. This highly profitable joint venture that had a near monopolistic trade in the Indian automobile market and the nature of the partnership built up till then was the underlying reason for most issues. The success of the joint venture led Suzuki to increase its equity from 26% to 40% in 1987, and further to 50% in 1992. In 1982 both the venture partners had entered into an agreement to nominate their candidate for the post of Managing Director and every Managing Director will have a tenure of five years[16] R.C. Bhargava was the initial managing director of the company since the inception of the joint venture. Till today he is regarded as instrumental for the success of Maruti Suzuki. Joining in 1982 he held several key positions in the company before heading the company as Managing Director. Currently he is on the Board of Directors.[17] After completing his five-year tenure, Mr. Bhargava later assumed the office of Part-Time Chairman. The Government nominated Mr. S.S.L.N. Bhaskarudu as the Managing Director on 27 August 1997. Mr. Bhaskarudu had joined Maruti Suzuki in 1983 after spending 21 years in the Public sector undertaking Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited as General Manager. In 1987 he was promoted as Chief General Manager. In 1988 he was named Director, Productions and Projects. The next year (1989) he was named Director of Materials[clarification needed] and in 1993 he became Joint Managing Director.[citation needed] Suzuki did not attend the Annual General Meeting of the Board with the reason of it being called on a short notice.[18] Later Suzuki Motor Corporation went on record to state that Bhaskarudu was "incompetent" and wanted someone else. However, the Ministry of Industries, Government of India refuted the charges. Media stated from the Maruti Suzuki sources that Bhaskarudu was interested toindigenise most of components for the models including gear boxes especially for Maruti 800. Suzuki also felt that Bhaskarudu was a proxy for the Government and would not let it increase its stake in the venture.[19] If Maruti Suzuki would have been able to indigenise gear boxes then Maruti Suzuki would have been able to manufacture all the models without the technical assistance from Suzuki. Till today the issue of localization of gear boxes is highlighted in the press.[20]

Industrial relations[edit source | editbeta]

Since its founding in 1983, Maruti Udyog Limited experienced few problems with its labour force. The Indian labour it hired readily accepted Japanese work culture and the modern manufacturing process. In 1997, there was a change in ownership, and Maruti became predominantly government controlled. Shortly thereafter, conflict between the United Front Government and Suzuki started. Labour unrest started under management of

Indian central government. In 2000, a major industrial relations issue began and employees of Maruti went on an indefinite strike, demanding among other things, major revisions to their wages, incentives and pensions.[21][22] Employees used slowdown in October 2000, to press a revision to their incentive-linked pay. In parallel, after elections and a new central government led by NDA alliance, India pursued a disinvestments policy. Along with many other government owned companies, the new administration proposed to sell part of its stake in Maruti Suzuki in a public offering. The worker's union opposed this sell-off plan on the grounds that the company will lose a major business advantage of being subsidised by the Government, and the union has better protection while the company remains in control of the government.[21][23] The standoff between the union and the management continued through 2001. The management refused union demands citing increased competition and lower margins. The central government prevailed and privatized Maruti in 2002. Suzuki became the majority owner of Maruti Udyog Limited.[24][25]

Manesar violence July 2012[edit source | editbeta]

On 18 July 2012, Maruti's Manesar plant was hit by violence as workers at one of its auto factories attacked supervisors and started a fire that killed a company official and injured 100 managers, including two Japanese expatriates. The violent mob also injured nine policemen.[26][27] The company's General Manager of Human Resources had both arms and legs broken by his attackers, unable to leave the building that was set ablaze, and was charred to death. The incident is the worst-ever for Suzuki since the company began operations in India in 1983.[28] Since April 2012, the Manesar union had demanded a three-fold increase in basic salary, a monthly conveyance allowance of 10,000, a laundry allowance of 3,000, a gift with every new car launch, and a

house for every worker who wants one or cheaper home loans for those who want to build their own houses.Initial reports claimed wage dispute and a union spokesman alleged the incident may becasterelated.[29][30] According to the Maruti Suzuki Workers Union a supervisor had abused and made discriminatory comments to a low-caste worker.[31] These claims were denied by the company and the police.[27] The supervisor alleged was found to belong to a tribal heritage and outside of Hindu caste system; further, the numerous workers involved in violence were not affiliated with caste either. Maruti said the unrest began, not over wage discussions, but after the workers' union demanded the reinstatement of a worker who had been suspended for beating a supervisor.[28] The workers claim harsh working conditions and extensive hiring of lowpaid contract workers which are paid about $126 a month, about half the minimum wage of permanent employees.[31] Maruti employees currently earn allowances in addition to their base wage.[32] Company executives denied harsh conditions and claim they hired entry-level workers on contracts and made them permanent as they gained experience. It was also claimed that bouncers were deployed by the company.[29]

India Today claimed[33] that its interviews of witnesses present at the plant confirms the dispute was over the suspended worker. The management insisted that they must wait for completion of inquiry underway before they can take any action on the employee suspended for beating up his supervisor. The management was then told, "you will be beaten up after we get a signal." Thereafter, the workers broke up into groups, went on to set the shop floor as well as all offices afire. They searched for management officials and proceeded with a barbaric beating of the officials at the site with iron rods. The police, in its First Information Report (FIR), claimed on 21 July that Manesar violence may be the result of a planned violence by a section of workers and union leaders. The report claimed the worker's action was recorded on close circuit cameras installed within the company premises. The workers took several managers and high ranked management officials hostage. The responsible Special Investigative Team official claimed, "some union leaders may be aware of the facts, so they burnt down the main servers and more than 700 computers." The recorded CCTV footage has been used to determine the sequence of events and people involved. Per the FIR, police have arrested 91 people and are searching for 55 additional accused.[34][35] Maruti Suzuki in its statement on the unrest,[36] announced that all work at the Manesar plant has been suspended indefinitely. A Suzuki spokesman said Manesar violence won't affect the auto maker's business plans for India.[28] The shut down of Manesar plant is leading to a loss of about Rs 75 crore[37] per day.[38] On 21 July 2012, citing safety concerns, the company announced a lockout underThe Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 pending results of an inquiry the company has requested of the Haryana government into the causes of the disorder. Under the provisions of The Industrial Disputes Act for wages, the report claimed, employees are expected to be paid for the duration of the lockout.[37] On 26 July 2012, Maruti announced employees would not be paid for the period of lock-out in accordance with Indian labour laws. The company further announced that it will stop using contract workers by March 2013. The report claimed the salary difference between contract workers and permanent workers has been much smaller than initial media reports - the contract worker at Maruti received about 11,500 per month, while a permanent worker received about 21,000-22,000 per month.
[39]

12,500 a month at

start, which increased in three years to

In a separate report, a contractor who

was providing contract employees to Maruti claimed the company gave its contract employees the best wage, allowances and benefits package in the region.[40] Shinzo Nakanishi, managing director and chief executive of Maruti Suzuki India, said this kind of violence has never happened in Suzuki Motor Corp's entire global operations spread across Hungary, Indonesia, Spain, Pakistan, Thailand, Malaysia, China and the Philippines. Mr. Nakanishi went to each victim apologising for the miseries inflicted on them by fellow workers, and in press interview requested the central and Haryana state governments to help stop such ghastly violence by legislating decisive rules to restore corporate confidence amid emergence of this new 'militant workforce' in Indian factories. He announced, "we are going to derecognise Maruti Suzuki Workers Union and dismiss all workers named in connection with the incident. We will not compromise at all in such instances of barbaric, unprovoked violence." He also announced Maruti plans to

continue manufacturing in Manesar, that Gujarat was an expansion opportunity and not an alternative to Manesar.[41][42] Labour disputes are endemic in the auto industry of India and have affected other manufacturers. India has strict labour laws, but their application is widely sidestepped by hiring low-wage contract workers.[31] Manesar violence adds to India's recent incidents of labour disputes turning to violence. Analysts claim [43][44] recent incidents like Manesar violence suggest a need for urgent reform of archaic Indian labour laws, the rigid rules on hiring and layoffs, which harm the formal sector and discourage investment in India. Government mandated procedures for labour dispute resolution are currently very slow, with tens of thousands of cases pending for years. The government of India is being asked to recognise that incidents such as Manesar violence indicate a structural sickness which must be solved nationally. The company dismissed 500 workers accused of causing the violence and re-opened the plant on 21 August, saying it would produce 150 vehicles on the first day, less than 10% of its capacity. Analysts said that the shutdown was costing the company 1 billion rupees ($18 million) a day and costing the company market share. The previous week company officials had announced that Maruti would scrap the practice of hiring contract workers and that the workers currently on temporary contracts would be made permanent. It would begin the process of hiring new workers on a permanent basis from 2 September 2012.[45] In July 2013, the workers went on hunger strike to protest the continuing jailing of their colleagues and launched an online campaign to support their demands. [46]

Products and services[edit source | editbeta]

Current automobiles[edit source | editbeta]

Red Bull Maruti Suzuki Swift

Maruti Omni

India's Corps of Military Police personnel patrolling the Wagah border crossing in thePunjab in a Maruti Gypsy.

Maruti Alto

Maruti Suzuki Swift

Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo

Suzuki SX4

7th Generation Suzuki Alto is sold as Maruti Suzuki A-Star in India

Maruti Suzuki Swift DZire

Suzuki Splash is sold as Maruti Suzuki Ritz in India.

1. Omni (Launched 1984) 2. Gypsy (launched 1985) 3. WagonR (Launched 1999) 4. Alto (Launched 2000) 5. Swift (Launched 2005) 6. Estilo (Launched 2006) 7. SX4 (Launched 2007) 8. Swift DZire (Launched 2008) 9. A-star (Launched 2008) 10. Ritz (Launched 2009) 11. Eeco (Launched 2010) 12. Alto K10 (Launched 2010) 13. Maruti Ertiga(Launched 2012), seven seater MPV R3 designed and developed in India, will compete with Toyota Innova, Mahindra Xylo, and Tata Sumo Grande.[47] In early 2012, Suzuki Ertiga will be exported first to Indonesia in Completely Knock Down car.[48] 14. Maruti XA Alpha based compact SUV to compete with the Ford EcoSport & Renault Duster will be launched in the year 2014 15. Maruti Alto 800(Launched 2012), Maruti Alto 800 is finally out with a price tag of Rs.2.44 lakh (exshowroom New Delhi). Maruti has rolled out four Petrol variants-Alto 800 STD, Alto 800 LX, Alto 800 LXI and Alto 800 VXI and three CNG variants -Alto 800 CNG STD,Alto 800 CNG LX and Alto 800 CNG LXi.[49] The 0.8 litre of petrol engine is very fuel efficient and pushes the car to produce high class mileage of 17 to 22 km per litre. The 48 ps @ 6000 rpm (Petrol) and 41 ps @ 6000 rpm (CNG)of peak power produced by the engine is also successful on road by delivering top-notch performance.[50].

Imported automobiles[edit source | editbeta]

Suzuki Grand Vitara

1. Grand Vitara (Launched 2007) 2. Kizashi (Launched 2011)

Discontinued automobiles[edit source | editbeta]

1. 1000 (19902000) 2. Zen (19932006) 3. Esteem (19942008) 4. Baleno (19992007) 5. Versa (20012010) 6. Grand Vitara XL7 (20032007) 7. 800 (1983-2012) 8. Alto (2000-2012)
*Source

Manufacturing facilities[edit source | editbeta]

Maruti Suzuki has two manufacturing facilities in India.[51] Both manufacturing facilities have a combined production capacity of 14,50,000 vehicles annually. During a recent meeting of the Gujarat chief minister with Suzuki Motor Corp chairman & CEO Osamu Suzuki,the Chairman had said that the work on car manufacturing plant at Mandal near Ahmedabad would be started soon.[52] Maruti Suzuki to set up second plant in Gujarat; acquires 600 acres

Gurgaon manufacturing facility[edit source | editbeta]

The Gurgaon manufacturing facility has three fully integrated manufacturing plants and is spread over 300 acres (1.2 km2). All three plants have an installed capacity of 350,000 vehicles annually but productivity improvements have enabled it to manufacture 900,000 vehicles annually. The Gurgaon facilities also manufacture 240,000 K-Series engines annually. The entire facility is equipped with more than 150 robots, out

of which 71 have been developed in-house. The Gurgaon Facilities manufactures the 800, Alto, WagonR,Estilo, Omni, Gypsy, and Eeco.

Manesar manufacturing facility[edit source | editbeta]

The Manesar manufacturing plant was inaugurated in February 2007 and is spread over 600 acres (2.4 km2). Initially it had a production capacity of 100,000 vehicles annually but this was increased to 300,000 vehicles annually in October 2008. The production capacity was further increased by 250,000 vehicles taking total production capacity to 550,000 vehicles annually. The Manesar Plant produces the A-star, Swift, Swift DZire, SX4, Ertiga[53] and Ritz. On 25 June June 2012, Haryana State Industries and Infrastructure Development Corporation demanded Maruti Suzuki to pay an additional Rs 235 crore for enhanced land acquisition for its Haryana plant expansion. The agency reminded Maruti that failure to pay the amount would lead to further proceedings and vacating the enhanced land acquisition.[54]

Sales and service network[edit source | editbeta]

As of 31 March 2011 Maruti Suzuki has 933 dealerships across 666 towns and cities in allstates and union territories of India. It has 2,946 service stations (inclusive of dealer workshops and Maruti Authorised Service Stations) in 1,395 towns and cities throughout India.[55][56] It has 30 Express Service Stations on 30 National Highways across 1,314 cities in India. Service is a major revenue generator of the company. Most of the service stations are managed on franchise basis, where Maruti Suzuki trains the local staff. Other automobile companies have not been able to match this benchmark set by Maruti Suzuki. The Express Service stations help many stranded vehicles on the highways by sending across their repair man to the vehicle.[57][58]

Maruti Insurance[edit source | editbeta]

Launched in 2002 Maruti Suzuki provides vehicle insurance to its customers with the help of the National Insurance Company, Bajaj Allianz, New India Assurance and Royal Sundaram. The service was set up the company with the inception of two subsidiaries Maruti Insurance Distributors Services Pvt. Ltd and Maruti Insurance Brokers Pvt. Limited[59] This service started as a benefit or value addition to customers and was able to ramp up easily. By December 2005 they were able to sell more than two million insurance policies since its inception. [60]

Maruti Finance[edit source | editbeta]

To promote its bottom line growth, Maruti Suzuki launched Maruti Finance in January 2002. Prior to the start of this service Maruti Suzuki had started two joint ventures Citicorp Maruti and Maruti Countrywide with Citi Group and GE Countrywide respectively to assist its client in securing loan.[61] Maruti Suzuki tied up with ABN Amro

Bank, HDFC Bank, ICICI Limited, Kotak Mahindra, Standard Chartered Bank, and Sundaram to start this venture including its strategic partners in car finance. Again the company entered into a strategic partnership with SBI in March 2003[62] Since March 2003, Maruti has sold over 12,000 vehicles through SBI-Maruti Finance. SBI-Maruti Finance is currently available in 166 cities across India.[63] Citicorp Maruti Finance Limited is a joint venture between Citicorp Finance India and Maruti Udyog Limited its primary business stated by the company is "hire-purchase financing of Maruti Suzuki vehicles". Citi Finance India Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Citibank Overseas Investment Corporation, Delaware, which in turn is a 100% wholly owned subsidiary of Citibank N.A. Citi Finance India Limited holds 74% of the stake and Maruti Suzuki holds the remaining 26%.[64] GE Capital, HDFC and Maruti Suzuki came together in 1995 to form Maruti Countrywide. Maruti claims that its finance program offers most competitive interest rates to its customers, which are lower by 0.25% to 0.5% from the market rates.[citation needed]

Maruti TrueValue[edit source | editbeta]

Main Article: Maruti True Value Maruti True service offered by Maruti Suzuki to its customers. It is a market place for used Maruti Suzuki Vehicles. One can buy, sell or exchange used Maruti Suzuki vehicles with the help of this service in India. As of 31 March 2010 there are 341 outlets.[citation needed]

N2N Fleet Management[edit source | editbeta]

N2N is the short form of End to End Fleet Management and provides lease and fleet management solution to corporates. Clients who have signed up of this service include Gas Authority of India Ltd, DuPont, Reckitt Benckiser, Sona Steering, Doordarshan, Singer India, National Stock Exchange and Transworld. This fleet management service include end-to-end solutions across the vehicle's life, which includes Leasing, Maintenance, Convenience services and Remarketing.[65]

Accessories[edit source | editbeta]

Many of the auto component companies other than Maruti Suzuki started to offer components and accessories that were compatible. This caused a serious threat and loss of revenue to Maruti Suzuki. Maruti Suzuki started a new initiative under the brand name Maruti Genuine Accessories to offer accessories like alloy wheels, body cover, carpets, door visors, fog lamps, stereo systems, seat covers and other car care products. These products are sold through dealer outlets and authorized service stations throughout India.[66]

Maruti Driving School[edit source | editbeta]

A Maruti Driving School in Bangalore

As part of its corporate social responsibility Maruti Suzuki launched the Maruti Driving School in Delhi. Later the services were extended to other cities of India as well. These schools are modelled on international standards, where learners go through classroom and practical sessions. Many international practices like road behaviour and attitudes are also taught in these schools. Before driving actual vehicles participants are trained on simulators.[67] A the launch ceremony for the school Jagdish Khattar stated "We are very concerned about mounting deaths on Indian roads. These can be brought down if government, industry and the voluntary sector work together in an integrated manner. But we felt that Maruti should first do something in this regard and hence this initiative of Maruti Driving Schools."[68]

Issues and problems[edit source | editbeta]

On 24 February 2010, Maruti Suzuki India announced recalling of 100,000 A-Star hatchbacks to fix a fuel leakage problem, for which the company will replace the gaskets.[69]

Exports[edit source | editbeta]

Maruti Exports Limited is the subsidiary of Maruti Suzuki with its major focus on exports and it does not operate in the domestic Indian market. The first commercial consignment of 480 cars were sent to Hungary. By sending a consignment of 571 cars to the same country Maruti Suzuki crossed the benchmark of 300,000 cars. Since its inception export was one of the aspects government was keen to encourage.[citation needed] Every political party expected Maruti Suzuki to earn foreign currency. Angola, Benin, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Europe, Kenya, Morocco,

Nepal, Sri Lanka, Uganda, Chile, Guatemala, Costa Rica and El Salvador are some of the markets served by Maruti Exports.[citation needed]

Awards and recognition[edit source | editbeta]

The Brand Trust Report published by Trust Research Advisory has ranked Maruti Suzuki in the seventh position in 2011 and the sixth position in 2012 among the brands researched in India.[70] Bluebytes News,[71] a news research agency, rated Maruti Suzuki as India's Most Reputed Car Company in their Reputation Benchmark Study[72] conducted for the Auto (Cars) Sector which launched in April 2012.

See also