Relay

4/24/13 Rela - Wikipedia, the free encclopedia
1/13 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rela
Aie-e iiae ea,
d ce i ae ff
Rela
F Wiiedia, he fee eccedia
A rela i a eecica eaed ich. Ma ea e a eecage
eae a ichig echai echaica, b he eaig
icie ae a ed. Rea ae ed hee i i ecea c a
cici b a -e iga (ih cee eecica iai beee
c ad ced cici), hee eea cici be ced
b e iga. The fi ea ee ed i g diace eegah cici,
eeaig he iga cig i f e cici ad e-aiig i
ahe. Rea ee ed eeie i eehe echage ad ea
ce ef gica eai.
A e f ea ha ca hade he high e eied diec c a
eecic he ad i caed a cac. Sid-ae ea c
e cici ih ig a, iead ig a eicdc deice
ef ichig. Rea ih caibaed eaig chaaceiic ad
eie ie eaig ci ae ed ec eecica cici f
ead fa; i de eecic e e hee fci ae
efed b digia ie i caed "ecie ea".
Contents
1 Baic deig ad eai
2 Te
2.1 Lachig ea
2.2 Reed ea
2.3 Mec-eed ea
2.4 Paied ea
2.5 Machie ea
2.6 Rache ea
2.7 Caia ea
2.8 Cac
2.9 Sid-ae ea
2.10 Sid ae cac ea
2.11 Bchh ea
2.12 Fced-gided cac ea
2.13 Oead eci ea
3 Pe ad h
4 Aicai
5 Rea aicai cideai
5.1 Deaig fac
5.2 Udeied acig
6 Pecie ea
Sie eecechaica ea.
Sa "cade" ea fe ed i
eecic. The "cade" e
efe he hae f he ea'
aae.
7 Raia igaig
8 Hi
9 See a
10 Refeece
11 Eea i
Baic deign and opeaion
A ie eecageic ea ci f a ci f ie aed ad
a f i ce, a i e hich ide a ecace ah f
ageic f, a abe i aae, ad e e e f cac
(hee ae i he ea iced). The aae i higed he e
ad echaica ied e e e f ig cac. I i hed
i ace b a ig ha he he ea i de-eegied hee i a ai
ga i he ageic cici. I hi cdii, e f he e f
cac i he ea iced i ced, ad he he e i e. Ohe
ea a hae e fee e f cac deedig hei
fci. The ea i he ice a ha a ie cecig he aae
he e. Thi ee cii f he cici beee he ig
cac he aae, ad he cici ac he ied cici bad
(PCB) ia he e, hich i deed he PCB.
Whe a eecic ce i aed hgh he ci i geeae a ageic
fied ha aciae he aae, ad he cee ee f he
abe cac() eihe ae bea (deedig cci) a
ceci ih a fied cac. If he e f cac a ced he he
ea a de-eegied, he he ee e he cac ad bea
he ceci, ad ice ea if he cac ee e. Whe he ce
he ci i iched ff, he aae i eed b a fce, aiae
haf a g a he ageic fce, i eaed ii. Ua hi fce
i ided b a ig, b gai i a ed c i idia
ae. M ea ae afaced eae ic. I a -age
aicai hi edce ie; i a high age ce aicai i
edce acig.
Whe he ci i eegied ih diec ce, a dide i fe aced ac he ci diiae he eeg f
he caig ageic fied a deaciai, hich d heie geeae a age ie dage
eicdc cici ce. Se aie ea icde a dide iide he ea cae. Aeaie, a
cac eci e ciig f a caaci ad ei i eie (bbe cici) a abb he ge. If
he ci i deiged be eegied ih aeaig ce (AC), a a ce "hadig ig" ca be cied
he ed f he eid, ceaig a a -f-hae ce hich iceae he ii he aae
dig he AC cce.
[1]
A id-ae ea e a hi he id-ae ichig deice, aciaed b he c iga, ich
he ced ad, iead f a eid. A ce (a igh-eiig dide (LED) ced ih a h
ai) ca be ed iae c ad ced cici.
Lachig ea ih eae
age
Tpes
Latching rela
A latching rela ha eaed ae (biabe). Thee ae a caed
"ie", "ee", "a" ea. Whe he ce i iched ff, he
ea eai i i a ae. Thi i achieed ih a eid eaig a
ache ad ca echai, b haig ig ci ih a
e-cee ig eae age hd he aae ad
cac i ii hie he ci i eaed, ih a eae ce. I
he ache ad ca eae, he fi e he ci he ea
ad he ecd e i ff. I he ci eae, a e e
ci he ea ad a e he ie ci he ea ff.
Thi e f ea ha he adaage ha e ci ce e
f a ia, hie i i beig iched, ad he ea cac eai hi
eig ac a e age. A eae ce achig ea eie a
ce e f ie ai ae i chage ae.
A eig ea i a eciaied id f i-a achig ea deiged f ea aaic eehe echage.
A eah eaage cici beae icde a eciaied achig ea.
Ve ea ce fe ed bi i a ageica achig ea, ch a feeed he ae eeed i he
1ESS ich.
Se ea ce ed dia ea a a id f ach -- he e bi i dia ie ig ea
eed ea b feedig a ie bac a a i, eig i a feedbac eeia cici. Sch a
eecica-achig ea eie ci e aiai ae, ie ageica achig ea
echaica acheig ea.
I ce eie, achig ea ad he ea ee eaced b dea ie e, hich i a
eaced b a eie f ee-fae ad ee-ae e echgie.
Reed rela
Main article: reed rela
A eed ea i a eed ich eced i a eid. The ich ha a e f cac iide a eacaed ie
ga-fied ga be hich ec he cac agai aheic ci; he cac ae ade f ageic
aeia ha ae he e de he ifece f he fied f he ecig eid. Reed ea ca ich
fae ha age ea, eie e ie e f he c cici. Hee he hae eaie
ichig ce ad age aig. Thgh ae, he eed ca bece ageied e ie, hich ae he
ic '' ee he ce i ee; chagig he ieai f he eed ih eec he eid'
ageic fied ca ee hi be.
Mercur-wetted rela
See also: mercur switch
Top, middle: reed switches, bottom:
reed relay
A mercur-etted reed rela is a Iorm oI reed relay in which the
contacts are wetted with mercury. Such relays are used to switch low-
voltage signals (one volt or less) where the mercury reduces the contact
resistance and associated voltage drop, Ior low-current signals where
surIace contamination may make Ior a poor contact, or Ior high-speed
applications where the mercury eliminates contact bounce. Mercury
wetted relays are position-sensitive and must be mounted vertically to
work properly. Because oI the toxicity and expense oI liquid mercury,
these relays are now rarely used.
Polaried rela
A polaried rela placed the armature between the poles oI a permanent magnet to increase sensitivity. Polarized
relays were used in middle 20th Century telephone exchanges to detect Iaint pulses and correct telegraphic
distortion. The poles were on screws, so a technician could Iirst adjust them Ior maximum sensitivity and then apply
a bias spring to set the critical current that would operate the relay.
External links
Schematic diagram
(http://ia600200.us.archive.org/5/items/TTYBulletin1044Issue4PartsRelays/teletype-bulletin-1044-
issue-4-1940-11-RY-20-WECO-215A-and-RY-28-WECO215H-and-RY-30-WECO255A.pdI)
oI a polarized relay used in a teletype machine.
Machine tool rela
A machine tool rela is a type standardized Ior industrial control oI machine tools, transIer machines, and other
sequential control. They are characterized by a large number oI contacts (sometimes extendable in the Iield) which
are easily converted Irom normally-open to normally-closed status, easily replaceable coils, and a Iorm Iactor that
allows compactly installing many relays in a control panel. Although such relays once were the backbone oI
automation in such industries as automobile assembly, the programmable logic controller (PLC) mostly displaced
the machine tool relay Irom sequential control applications.
A relay allows circuits to be switched by electrical equipment: Ior example, a timer circuit with a relay could switch
power at a preset time. For many years relays were the standard method oI controlling industrial electronic systems.
A number oI relays could be used together to carry out complex Iunctions (relay logic). The principle oI relay logic
is based on relays which energize and de-energize associated contacts. Relay logic is the predecessor oI ladder
logic, which is commonly used in programmable logic controllers.
Ratchet rela
This is again a clapper type relay which does not need continuous current through its coil to retain its operation. A
ratchet holds the contacts closed aIter the coil is momentarily energized. A second impulse, in the same or a
separate coil, releases the contacts.
Coaial rela
Where radio transmitters and receivers share a common antenna, oIten a coaxial relay is used as a TR (transmit-
Sid ae ea ih ig a
eceie) ea, hich iche he aea f he eceie he aie. Thi ec he eceie f he
high e f he aie. Sch ea ae fe ed i aceie hich cbie aie ad eceie i
e i. The ea cac ae deiged efec a adi feec e bac ad he ce, ad
ide e high iai beee eceie ad aie eia. The chaaceiic iedace f he ea i
ached he aii ie iedace f he e, f eae, 50 h.
[2]
Contactor
Main aricle: Conacor
A contactor i a hea-d ea ed f ichig eecic ad ighig ad, b cac ae
geea caed ea. Ci ce aig f c cac age f 10 a eea hded
a. High-ce cac ae ade ih a caiig ie. The aidabe acig cae he cac
idie; hee, ie ide i i a gd cdc.
[3]
Cac ih ead eci deice ae fe
ed a . Cac ca be ae d d he he eae, he a be fi f e hee
ie i a chief cce.
A cac i a eecica ced ich ed f ichig a e cici, iia a ea ece ih
highe ce aig.
[4]
A cac i ced b a cici hich ha a ch e e ee ha he
iched cici.
Cac ce i a f ih aig caaciie ad feae. Uie a cici beae, a cac i
ieded ie a h cici ce. Cac age f he haig a beaig ce f eea
aee had f aee ad 24 V DC a i. The hica ie f cac age f a
deice a egh ic ih e had, age deice aiae a ee (ad) a ide.
Cac ae ed c eecic , ighig, heaig, caaci ba, hea eaa, ad he
eecica ad.
Solid-state rela
A solid state rela (SSR) i a id ae eecic ce ha
ide a iia fci a eecechaica ea b de
hae a ig ce, iceaig g-e eiabii. Ee
id-ae deice ha a a age d ac i. Thi age d
ii he a f ce a gie SSR ca hade. The ii
age d f ch a ea i a fci f he aeia ed ae
he deice. Sid-ae ea aed hade a ch a 1,200 aee
hae bece cecia aaiabe. Caed eecageic
ea, he a be fae iggeed b aie.
Solid state contactor rela
A solid state contactor i a hea-d id ae ea, icdig he
ecea hea i, ed hee fee /ff cce ae eied, ch a ih eecic heae, a eecic
, ad ighig ad. Thee ae ig a ea ad hee i cac bce de ibai.
The ae aciaed b AC c iga DC c iga f Pgaabe gic ce (PLC), PC,
Tai-ai gic (TTL) ce, he icce ad icce c.
25 A 40 A id ae cac
Buchhol rela
A Buchhol rela i a afe deice eig he accai f ga i
age i-fied afe, hich i aa accai f ga
h d he afe if ga i dced aid i he afe
i.
Forced-guided contacts rela
A forced-guided contacts rela ha ea cac ha ae
echaica ied gehe, ha he he ea ci i eegied
de-eegied, a f he ied cac e gehe. If e e f
cac i he ea bece ibiied, he cac f he ae ea i be abe e. The fci f
fced-gided cac i eabe he afe cici chec he a f he ea. Fced-gided cac ae
a a "iie-gided cac", "caie cac", "ced cac", "afe ea".
Overload protection relas
Eecic eed ece eci ee daage f e-adig he , ec agai
h cici i cecig cabe iea fa i he idig.
[5]
The ead eig deice ae a
f f hea eaed ea hee a ci hea a bieaic i, hee a de e, eeaig a ig
eae aiia cac. Thee aiia cac ae i eie ih he ci. If he ead ee ece ce
i he ad, he ci i de-eegied.
Thi hea eci eae eaie aig he da highe aig ce befe he
eci ea i i. Whee he ead ea i eed he ae eie a he , a ef
hgh cde ceai f abie eeae i ided.
The he c ead eci e e a eecage ci i eie ih he cici ha
diec eae cac. Thi i iia a c ea b eie a ahe high fa ce eae he
cac. T ee h e ce ie f caig iace iggeig he aae ee i daed
ih a dah. The hea ad ageic ead deeci ae ica ed gehe i a eci
ea.
Eecic ead eci ea eae ce ad ca eiae idig eeae ig a
"hea de" f he aae e ha ca be e ide e accae eci. Se
eci ea icde eeae deec i f diec eaee f a hece
eiace heee e ebedded i he idig.
Pole and throw
Sice ea ae iche, he eig aied iche i a aied ea; a ea iche e
e poles, each f he cac ca be thron b eegiig he ci i e f hee a:
Na-e (NO) cac cec he cici he he ea i aciaed; he cici i diceced
he he ea i iacie. I i a caed a Form A cac "ae" cac. NO cac a a be
diigihed a "ea-ae" NOEM, hich ea ha he cac ce befe he b ich i
Circuit symbols of relays. (C
denotes the common terminal in
SPDT and DPDT types.)
fully engaged.
Normally-closed (NC) contacts disconnect the circuit when the relay
is activated; the circuit is connected when the relay is inactive. It is
also called a Fom B contact or "break" contact. NC contacts may
also be distinguished as "late-break" or NCLB, which means that the
contacts stay closed until the button or switch is fully disengaged.
Change-over (CO), or double-throw (DT), contacts control two
circuits: one normally-open contact and one normally-closed contact
with a common terminal. It is also called a Fom C contact or
"transfer" contact ("break before make"). If this type of contact utilizes
a "make before break" functionality, then it is called a Fom D
contact.
The following designations are commonly encountered:
SPST Single Pole Single Throw. These have two terminals which
can be connected or disconnected. Including two for the coil, such a
relay has four terminals in total. It is ambiguous whether the pole is
normally open or normally closed. The terminology "SPNO" and
"SPNC" is sometimes used to resolve the ambiguity.
SPDT Single Pole Double Throw. A common terminal connects to either of two others. Including two for
the coil, such a relay has five terminals in total.
DPST Double Pole Single Throw. These have two pairs of terminals. Equivalent to two SPST switches or
relays actuated by a single coil. Including two for the coil, such a relay has six terminals in total. The poles
may be Form A or Form B (or one of each).
DPDT Double Pole Double Throw. These have two rows of change-over terminals. Equivalent to two
SPDT switches or relays actuated by a single coil. Such a relay has eight terminals, including the coil.
The "S" or "D" may be replaced with a number, indicating multiple switches connected to a single actuator. For
example 4PDT indicates a four pole double throw relay (with 12 terminals).
EN 50005 are among applicable standards for relay terminal numbering; a typical EN 50005-compliant SPDT
relay's terminals would be numbered 11, 12, 14, A1 and A2 for the C, NC, NO, and coil connections,
respectively.
Applicaion
Relays are used for:
Amplifying a digital signal, switching a large amount of power with a small operating power. Some special
cases are:
A telegraph relay, repeating a weak signal received at the end of a long wire
Controlling a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage signal, as in some types of modems or audio
amplifiers,
Controlling a high-current circuit with a low-current signal, as in the starter solenoid of an automobile,
Detecting and isolating faults on transmission and distribution lines by opening and closing circuit breakers
A DPDT AC coil relay
with "ice cube"
packaging
A large relay with two coils and
(protection relays),
Isolating the controlling circuit from the controlled circuit when the two are at
different potentials, for example when controlling a mains-powered device
from a low-voltage switch. The latter is often applied to control office lighting
as the low voltage wires are easily installed in partitions, which may be often
moved as needs change. They may also be controlled by room occupancy
detectors to conserve energy,
Logic functions. For example, the boolean AND function is realised by
connecting normally open relay contacts in series, the OR function by
connecting normally open contacts in parallel. The change-over or Form C
contacts perform the XOR (exclusive or) function. Similar functions for
NAND and NOR are accomplished using normally closed contacts. The
Ladder programming language is often used for designing relay logic networks.
The application of Boolean Algebra to relay circuit design was
formalized by Claude Shannon in A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and
Switching Circuits
Early computing. Before vacuum tubes and transistors, relays were used as logical elements in digital
computers. See electro-mechanical computers such as ARRA (computer), Harvard Mark II, Zuse
Z2, and Zuse Z3.
Safety-critical logic. Because relays are much more resistant than semiconductors to nuclear radiation,
they are widely used in safety-critical logic, such as the control panels of radioactive waste-handling
machinery.
Time delay functions. Relays can be modified to delay opening or delay closing a set of contacts. A very
short (a fraction of a second) delay would use a copper disk between the armature and moving blade
assembly. Current flowing in the disk maintains magnetic field for a short time, lengthening release time. For a
slightly longer (up to a minute) delay, a dashpot is used. A dashpot is a piston filled with fluid that is allowed
to escape slowly. The time period can be varied by increasing or decreasing the flow rate. For longer time
periods, a mechanical clockwork timer is installed.
Vehicle battery isolation. A 12v relay is often used to isolate any second battery in cars, 4WDs, RVs and
boats.
Switching to a standby power supply.
Rela application considerations
Selection of an appropriate relay for a particular application requires
evaluation of many different factors:
Number and type of contacts normally open, normally closed,
(double-throw)
Contact sequence "Make before Break" or "Break before Make".
For example, the old style telephone exchanges required Make-
before-break so that the connection didn't get dropped while dialing
the number.
Rating of contacts small relays switch a few amperes, large
contactors are rated for up to 3000 amperes, alternating or direct
many sets of contacts, used in an
old telephone switching system.
Several 30-contact relays in
"Connector" circuits in mid 20th
century 1XB switch and 5XB switch
telephone exchanges; cover removed
on one
current
Voltage rating of contacts typical control relays rated 300 VAC or
600 VAC, automotive types to 50 VDC, special high-voltage relays
to about 15 000 V
Operating lifetime, useful life - the number of times the relay can be
expected to operate reliably. There is both a mechanical life and a
contact life; the contact life is naturally affected by the kind of load
being switched.
Coil voltage machine-tool relays usually 24 VDC, 120 or 250
VAC, relays for switchgear may have 125 V or 250 VDC coils,
"sensitive" relays operate on a few milliamperes
Coil current - including minimum current required to operate
reliably and minimum current to hold. Also effects of power
dissipation on coil temperature at various duty cycles.
Package/enclosure open, touch-safe, double-voltage for
isolation between circuits, explosion proof, outdoor, oil and splash
resistant, washable for printed circuit board assembly
Operating environment - minimum and maximum operating
temperatures and other environmental considerations such as
effects of humidity and salt
Assembly Some relays feature a sticker that keeps the enclosure sealed to allow PCB post soldering
cleaning, which is removed once assembly is complete.
Mounting sockets, plug board, rail mount, panel mount, through-panel mount, enclosure for mounting on
walls or equipment
Switching time where high speed is required
"Dry" contacts when switching very low level signals, special contact materials may be needed such as
gold-plated contacts
Contact protection suppress arcing in very inductive circuits
Coil protection suppress the surge voltage produced when switching the coil current
Isolation between coil contacts
Aerospace or radiation-resistant testing, special quality assurance
Expected mechanical loads due to acceleration some relays used in aerospace applications are designed to
function in shock loads of 50 or more
Accessories such as timers, auxiliary contacts, pilot lamps, test buttons
Regulatory approvals
Stray magnetic linkage between coils of adjacent relays on a printed circuit board.
There are many considerations involved in the correct selection of a control relay for a particular application. These
considerations include factors such as speed of operation, sensitivity, and hysteresis. Although typical control relays
operate in the 5 ms to 20 ms range, relays with switching speeds as fast as 100 us are available. Reed relays which
are actuated by low currents and switch fast are suitable for controlling small currents.
As for any switch, the current through the relay contacts (unrelated to the current through the coil) must not exceed
a certain value to avoid damage. In the particular case of high-inductance circuits such as motors other issues must
be addressed. When a power source is connected to an inductance, an input surge current which may be several
times larger than the steady current exists. When the circuit is broken, the current cannot change instantaneously,
Tpe of load % of rated value
Reiie 75
Idcie 35
M 20
Fiae 10
Caaciie 75
hich ceae a eia daagig a ac he eaaig cac.
Cee f ea hich a be ed c idcie ad e ecif he ai ce ha
a f hgh he ea cac he i acae, he make rating; he ci aig; ad he break rating.
The ae aig a be eea ie age ha he ci aig, hich i ief age ha he bea aig.
Derating factors
C ea hd be eaed abe aed eeae becae f
eig iceaed degadai ad faige. C acice i deae 20
degee Cei f he ai aed eeae ii. Rea eaig a
aed ad ae a affeced b hei eie. Oi a a gea
deceae he cac i ife, ad d di a cae he i b befe
hei a ife eecac. C ea ife cce aie f 50,000 e
e ii cce deedig he eecica ad f he cac, d cce,
aicai, ad he ee hich he ea i deaed. Whe a c ea
i eaig a i deaed ae, i i cig a e ae f ce ha i
ai ae ad bea aig. Thi i fe de eed he eaig
ife f he c ea. The abe i he ea deaig fac f ica
idia c aicai.
Undesired arcing
Main article: Arc suppression
Wih adeae cac eci, he ccece f eecic ce acig cae igifica degadai f he
cac i ea, hich ffe igifica ad iibe daage. Ee ie a ea aii eihe f a ced
a e ae (bea ac) f a e a ced ae (ae ac & bce ac), de ad, a eecica ac
ca cc beee he cac i (eecde) f he ea. The bea ac i ica e eegeic ad
h e decie.
The hea eeg caied i he eig eecica ac i e high (e f had f degee Fahehei),
caig he ea he cac face e, ad igae ih he ce. The eee high eeae
f he ac cac he dig ga ece ceaig e, cab ide, ad he cd. The ac
eeg de he cac ea, caig e aeia ecae i he ai a fie aicae ae.
Thi e acii cae he aeia i he cac degade ic, eig i deice faie. Thi cac
degadai daica ii he ea ife f a ea a age f ab 10,000 100,000 eai, a ee fa
be he echaica ife f he ae deice, hich ca be i ece f 20 ii eai.
[6]
Protective relas
Main article: protective rela
F eci f eecica aaa ad aii ie, eecechaica ea ih accae eaig
chaaceiic ee ed deec ead, h-cici, ad he fa. Whie a ch ea eai i e,
digia deice ide eiae ecie fci.
Pa f a ea iecig ig UK
Q-e iiae g-i ea.
UK Q-e igaig ea ad bae.
Railwa signalling
Raia igaig ea ae e big ad cbee cideig he
a age (e ha 120 V) ad ce (eha 100 A)
ha he ich. Cac ae ide aced ee dage
fahe ad h cici e a ifeie ha a eceed fif ea.
BR930 eie g-i ea ae ide ed aia fig Biih
acice. Thee ae 120 high, 180 dee ad 56 ide ad
eigh ab 1400 g, ad ca hae 16 eaae cac, f
eae, 12 ae ad 4 bea cac.
Sice ai iga cici be high eiabe, ecia echie ae
ed deec ad ee faie i he ea e. T ec agai
fae feed, dbe ichig ea cac ae fe ed bh he
iie ad egaie ide f a cici, ha fae feed ae eeded
cae a fae iga. N a ea cici ca be ed hee i
eiace cci feae ch a cab ie cac
ei ighig idced cac edig ad ide AC ii.
O-ia ae a ed i e iace ih aia igaig,
eecia hee a ige cac i be iched.
Sigaig ea ad hei cici ce i a be f ch, icdig:
Uied Kigd
Aeica
Gea
Face
Aeica igaig ea ae he igi f he 19 ich ac.
Histor
The ea a ieed i 1835 b Aeica ciei Jeh He i de ie hi ei f he eecica
eegah, deeed eaie i 1831.
[7][8][9][10]
I i caied ha he Egih ie Edad Da "certainl invented the electric rela"
[11]
i hi eecic
eegah c.1835.
A ie deice, hich e ca a ea, a icded i he igia 1840 eegah ae
[12]
f Sae
Me. The echai decibed aced a a digia aifie, eeaig he eegah iga, ad h aig
iga be agaed a fa a deied. Thi ecae he be f iied age f eaie eegah
chee.
[citation needed]
See also
Contactor
Digital protective relay
Dry contact
Race condition
Stepping switch - a kind oI multi-position relay
Wire spring relay
Refeence
1. ^ Mason, C. R. "Art & Science oI Protective Relaying, Chapter 2, GE Consumer & Electrical"
(http://www.gedigitalenergy.com/multilin/notes/artsci/). Retrieved October 9, 2011.
2. ^ Ian Sinclair, Passive Components for Circuit Design, Newnes, 2000 ISBN 008051359X, page 170
3. ^ Kenneth B. RexIord and Peter R. Giuliani (2002). Electrical control for machines
(http://books.google.com/books?id5RkbwbYq1joC&pgPA58&lpgPA58&IIalse) (6th ed.). Cengage Learning.
p. 58. ISBN 978-0-7668-6198-5.
4. ^ Terrell CroIt and WilIord Summers (ed), American Electricans' Handbook, Eleventh Edition, McGraw Hill, New
York (1987) ISBN 0-07-013932-6 page 7-124
5. ^ Zocholl, Stan (2003). AC Motor Protection. Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. ISBN 0-9725026-1-0,
978-0972502610 Check isbn= value (help).
6. ^ "Lab Note #105 Contact Life - Unsuppressed vs. Suppressed Arcing"
(http://arcsuppressiontechnologies.com/Documents/Lab20Note2010520-20APR201120-
20Contact20LiIe20100K.pdI). Arc Suppression Technologies. April 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
7. ^ Icons of Invention: The Makers of the Modern World from Gutenberg to Gates (http://books.google.com/books?
idWKuG-VIwID8C&pgPA153&dqInventionoItherelay&hlen&saX&ei-
mnmT5bJK4no9AT8l4mMAQ&ved0CF8Q6AEwCA#vonepage&qInvention20oI20the20relay&IIalse).
ABC-CLIO. p. 153.
8. ^ "The electromechanical relay oI Joseph Henry" (http://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Basis/relay.html).
Georgi Dalakov.
9. ^ Scientific American Inventions and Discoveries: All the Milestones in Ingenuit--From the Discover of Fire to
the Invention of the Microwave Oven (http://books.google.com/books?
idpDbQVE3IdTcC&pgPA311&dqrelayJosephHenry1835&hlen&saX&eiGNSIT6PyMJP02wXO3K3G
CQ&ved0CFoQ6AEwBg#vonepage&qrelay20Joseph20Henry201835&IIalse). John Wiley & Sons.
p. 311.
10. ^ Thomas Coulson (1950). Joseph Henr: His Life and Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
11. ^ Gibberd, William (1966). "Edward Davy" (http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/davy-edward-1966). Australian
Dictionar of Biograph. Canberra: Australian National University. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
12. ^ US Patent 1,647, Improvement in the mode oI communicating inIormation by signals by the application oI
electro-magnetism, June 20, 1840 (http://www.google.com/patents?
idXx5AAAAAEBAJ&printsecabstract&zoom4&dq1647)
Gurevich, Vladimir (2005). Electrical Relas: Principles and Applications. London - New York: CRC Press.
Westinghouse Corporation (1976). Applied Protective Relaing. Westinghouse Corporation. Library oI Congress
card no. 76-8060.
Terrell CroIt and WilIord Summers (ed) (1987). American Electricians' Handbook, Eleventh Edition. New York:
McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-013932-9.
Walter A. Elmore. Protective Relaing Theor and Applications. Marcel Dekker kana, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8247-
9152-0.
Vladimir Gurevich (2008). Electronic Devices on Discrete Components for Industrial and Power Engineering.
London - New York: CRC Press. p. 418.
Vladimir Gurevich (2003). Protection Devices and Sstems for High-Voltage Applications. London - New York:
CRC Press. p. 292.
Vladimir Gurevich (2010). Digital Protective Relas: Problems and Solutions. London - New York: CRC Press.
p. 422.
Colin Simpson, Principles of Electronics, Prentice-Hall, 2002, ISBN 0-06-868603-6
Eternal links
The Electromechanical Relay (http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/io/io_5.html)
Information about relays and the Latching Relay circuit (http://www.eleinmec.com/article.asp?24)
"Harry Porter's Relay Computer", a computer made out of relays.
(http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~harry/Relay/index.html)
"Relay Computer Two", by Jon Stanley.
(http://www.electronixandmore.com/project/relaycomputertwo/index.html)
Interfacing Relay To Microcontroller. (http://www.dnatechindia.com/Tutorial/8051-Tutorial/Interfacing-
Relay-to-Microcontroller.html)
Relays Technical Write (http://www.oenindia.com/pdf/relays_Technical_Write_up.pdf)
http://relays.te.com/schrack/pdf/C0_v4bg_5.pdf
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Relay&oldid=550235444"
Categories: Electromagnetic components American inventions Relay switches Transducers
Power engineering
This page was last modified on 14 April 2013 at 00:48.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply.
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

Relay

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Relay

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

4/24/13 Rela - Wikipedia, the free encclopedia

You might also like