Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • BS 970-1-1991

    Uploaded by

    raghav248
    3K views62 pages
    Specification for Wrought Steels for Mechanical and Allied Engineering Purposes. General Inspection and Testing Procedures and

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Specification for Wrought Steels for Mechanical and Allied Engineering Purposes. General Inspection and Testing Procedures and

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    3K views62 pages

    BS 970-1-1991

    Uploaded by

    raghav248
    Specification for Wrought Steels for Mechanical and Allied Engineering Purposes. General Inspection and Testing Procedures and

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 62
    BS 970: Part 1: 1991 Reprinted, incorporating Amendment No. 1 Specification for Wrought steels for mechanical and allied engineering purposes Part 1. General inspection and testing procedures and specific requirements for carbon, carbon manganese, alloy and stainless steels Aciers corroyés pour usages mécaniques et Schmiedstahle for mechanische und Industriels connexes, Specifications vverwandte technische Zwecke Partie 1, Controle général, méthodes dessai et Tail. Allgemeine Oberprafung und ‘caractristiques partiulléres des aciens at Prifverfahren und besondere Anforderungen ‘carbone, au carbone-mangandse,alliés et an Kohlenstoff- und inoxydables Kohlenstoff Mangan-Stahle,legirte und nichtrostende Seahle 4 y ns BTitish Standards BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Committees responsible for this British Standard ‘The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee (ISM/-) to Technical Committee ISM/31, upon which the following bodies were represented: Associated Offices Technical Committee British Chain Manufacturers’ Association British Coal Corporation British Forging Industry Association British Industrial Fasteners Federation British Railways Board British Steel Industry Cold Rolled Sections Association Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory) Engineering Industries Association Federation of British Engineers’ Tool Lloyd's Register of Shipping Ministry of Defence National Association of Steel Stockholders Road Vehicle Spring Society Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Stainless Steel Fabricators’ Association of Great Britain lanufacturers This British Standard, having been prepated under the direction ofthe Irom at Steel Standards Poliey Committee, ‘was published under the fnuthority ofthe Standards Bard and eomes into effect on 28 November 1981 ist 1991 First published July 191 Firth edition (Part 1) February 1972 (Part 2) September 1970 (Part 2) uly 1971 is i cufviewent Not toPart 3) AmNendments issued since publi May 107 |text affe (Patt 4) February’ 1970 sre No a Dat ated Sixth edition (combined, as Part 1) May 1985, Seventh edition November 1901 lOctober 1992] Indicated by a line in the margin ‘The following BSI references relate to the work on this Standard Committe reference ISM/31 Draft announced in November BSI news ISBN 0 580 149004 ey AMD 8973 ape. —_—_ it i Amendment No. 2 published and effective from 15 Nove to BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 ber 1995, Specification for wrought steels for mechanical and allied engineering purposes Part 1. General inspection and testing procedures and specific requirements for carbon, carbon manganese, alloy and stainless steels Revised text Foreword Delete paragraph 5 and substitute the following ‘The European requirements for stainless steels are specified in BS EN 10088-1 BS EN 100882 and BS EN 100883, which are the English language versions of EN 10088-1, EN 10088-2 and EN 100883, and are published simultaneously with this amendment. These standards which are applicable {o stainless steels in all product, forms previously covered by this standard, except forgings, should be used in preference to this standard whenever applicable. Work is continuing in Europe to prepare standards covering boron steels and surface quality. AMD 8973/November 1995 9511-0 Product vale miss Ise BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 _——————— Contents Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword 3 Specification Section one. General inspection and testing procedure L1 Scope 4 1.2. Definitions 4 1.3. Symbols 4 4 5 1.4. General 1.5 Information to be supplied by the purchaser 5 1.6 Steelmaking and casting process 6 1.7 Chemical composition 6 1.8. Product analysis and permitted variations 7 1.9. Freedom from defects 7 1.10 Condition of material on delivery 7 1.11 Heat treatment 9 1.12 Mechanical prope 9 1.13 Selection and preparation of material for mechanical testing 9 1.14 Frequency of other tests 10 1.16 Test methods and test results 10 1.16 Retests u 1.17 Inspection u 1.18 Manufacturer's statement u 1.19 Marking u Section two. Specific requirements for as-rolled, as-rolled and softened and micro-alloyed carbon manganese steels 2.1 Specific requirements for as-rolled and as-rolled and softened steels. 12 2.2, Specific requirements for micro-alloyed carbon manganese steels 12 Section three. Specific requirements for steels for surface hardening by nitriding and for through hardening boron steels 14 Section four. Specific requirements for case hardening steels Section five. Specific requirements for stainless and heat resisting steels 23 Section six. Specific requirements for sizes and tolerances 6.1 Sizes 26 6.2 Mass/unit length tolerances 26 6.3 Dimensional tolerances 26 6.4 Straightness 26 6.5 Length 6 ‘Appendices A Hardenability curves for through hardening boron steels and case hardening steels 28 B__Deoxidation of steel 56 BS 970: Part 1: 1991 ————————————eeE———ee ‘Tables 1 Permitted variations of product analysis from specified range 2 As-rolled and as-rolled and softened steels: chemical composition and mechanical property requirements 3 Micro-alloyed carbon manganese steels: chemical composition and mechanical property requirements 4 Steel for surface hardening by nitriding: chemical composition 5 Through hardening boron steels: chemical composition and hardenability requirements 6 — Through hardening boron steels: heat treatment requirements 7 Case hardening boron and alloy steels: chemical composition and hardenability requirements 8 Case hardening steels: chemical composition and mechanical property requirements 9 Case hardening steels: heat treatment and maximum hardness requirements 10 Ferritic and martensitic stainless and heat resisting steels: chemical composition, heat treatment and mechanical property requirements 11 Austenitic stainless and heat resisting steels: chemical composition, softening treatment and mechanical property requirements 12 _ Billets (other than stainless steel) for forging: standard mass per metre and tolerances 13 Tolerances for hot rolled round and square bar and rough turned rounds 14 Tolerances for hot rolled hexagonal bar 15 Tolerances for hot rolled flat bar 13 13 “4 4 15 17 20 22, 25 26 27 27 27 BS 970: Part 1: 1991 Foreword ‘This Part of BS 970 has been prepared under the direction of the Iron and Stee! Standards Policy Committee and is identical with BS 970 : Part 1 : 1983 except for the deletion of requirements for quenched and tempered steels and steels for bright bar. This standard, together with BS EN 10083-1, BS EN 10083-2 and BS 970 : Part 3 supersedes BS 970 : Part 1 : 1983, which is withdrawn. This edition introduces technical changes but it does not reflect a full review or revision of the standard, which will be undertaken in due course. Appendix D of BS 970 : Part 1 : 1983 is not included in this new edition as it no longer reflects the current situation on steel grades. ‘The European requirements for quenched and tempered steels are specified in BS EN 10083-1 and BS EN 10083-2 which are the English language versions of EN 10083-1 and EN 10083-2 and are published simultaneously with this British Standard. Requirements for steels for bright bar are given in BS 970 : Part 3 : 1991 which is published simultaneously with this standard. Work is continuing in Europe to prepare standards covering stainless steels, boron steels and surface quality. As the European Standards are published, the appropriate tables and text will be deleted from BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 until it is eventually withdrawn. ‘This edition of BS 970 : Part 1 still specifies Izod impact values for steels. It should be noted, however, that the Izod test is not accepted in Europe and that only the Charpy impact test will be specified in European Standards. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. BS 970: Part 1: 1991 Specification. Section one Section one. General inspection and testing procedure 1.1 Scope ‘Section one of this Part of BS 970 specifies the requirements for steelmaking and general testing and inspection procedures for the release of steel in the form of, blooms, billets, slabs, bars, rods and forgings, used in the as rolled, as-forged or softened condition as appropriate and in accordance with the specific requirements for the steels in sections two to five inclusive. NOTE 1. Forgings above 160 mm ring setion in carbon and alloy ‘stels may be ordered in accordance with 8S 29 and BS 4670; "respectively and eloased to the requirements ofthoee standards. [NOTE 2Particuiaratetion the foreword ‘Sections two to five cover specific requirements for the supply of steels as follows: Section two As-rolled and as-rolled and softened steels and micro-alloyed carbon manganese steels, Section three Through hardening boron steels Section four Case hardening steels, Section five Stainless and heat resisting st Section six Specifies sizes and tolerances. [NOTE 3. The ites of the publications refered ton this standard are 50 drawn tothe information given in 1.2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS 970 the definitions given in 1.4.4.1 and 1.13.1 apply 1.3 Symbols The symbols used in this standard are given in 1.3.1 10134, 1.3.1 Tensile properties Rig denotes tensile strength Re denotes yield strength A denotes percentage elongation after fracture So denotes original eros-sectional area of the gauge length Rox denotes 0.2 % proot stress (non proportional elongation) Ror denotes 1.0 % proof stress (non proportional elongation) Rios denotes 0.5 % proot stress (total elongation) Reso denotes 1.0 % proof stress (total elongation) Raw denotes upper yield stress 1.3.2 Impact properties KCV denotes Charpy V-notch impact value 1.3.3 Hardness HB denotes Brinell hardness HV denotes Vickers hardness HRC denotes Rockwell hardness (C scale) 1.3.4 Other LRS denotes limiting ruling section 1.4 General 1.4.1. Quality. The stool shall be selected and ordered by ‘the purchaser and shall be supplied in accordance with the appropriate general requirements specified in this section and with the specific material requirements specified in seetions tivo to five inclusive (but see also nate to 1.7.1) and ‘with the tolerances specified in section six. The manufact- turer shall be responsible to the purchaser with respect to ‘the compliance of the steel with these requirements and any additional requirements specified by the purchaser. Al these requirements shall apply equally to steels given in categories 1 and 2. NOTE. When category 1 and category 2 steels are availabe, selection should be made from category 1 whunever possible (see also foreword). To facitate thi selection, category T steels {are printed throughout the standerd in normal upright) type, and ‘eategory 2 stots in tale (sloping) type. 1.4.2 Supply options. Where appropriate, the specific requirements of sections two to five cover supply options as follows. (a} To close limits of chemical composition (A grades) where no mechanical properties or hardenability are specified, NOTE. For special applications, e, induetion hardening, these steels may also be supplied with mechanical properties or hardenabity specified by agreement between the purenasee and the supplier (b) To 2 combination of mechanical properties (M grades’ ‘or hardenability requirements (H grades) and chemical composition 1.4.3 Machinability. Machinability is enhanced by higher sulphur content (see 1.7.2.2), by a lead addition (see 1.7.4) or by special heat treatment to promote optimum structure. Where extremely high machinability is needed, both sulphur and lead or other elements can be Used in conjunction. NOTE. The presence af titanium rmachinability 1 have an adverse effect on 1.4.4 Ruling section and hardenability 144 1 Definitions 1.4.4.1.1 ruling section. Ruling section is the equivalent ddiameter of that portion of the product at the time of heat treatment that is most important in relation to mechanical properties. 1.4.4.1.2 limiting ruling section. For any composition of steel, the limiting ruling section i the largest diameter in which certain specified mechanical properties are achieved after a specified heat treatment. 1.4.4.1.3 equivalent diameter. The equivalent diameter of any product, or part of a product, is the diameter at the time of heat treatment of a hypothetical very long bar effectively of infinite length of uniform circular cross section which, if subjected to the same cooling conditions a8 the product, i. same initial and final temperature and same cooling medium, would have a cooling rate at its axis equivalent to that at the slowest cooling position in the product or relevant part. NOTE. Further information i given in BS 5046. \AA2 Mechanical properties 1144211 For carbon and carbon manganese case-hardening steels, itis customary to test and release stee! to specified ‘mechanical property levels using a standard size of test bar. However, because ofthe effect of section size, the properties ‘are quoted for different test bar sizes in the ol-quenched conditions, ie. 13mm, 19 mm and 29 mm, but the 19 mm size shall be used, except by agreement. 14422 For alloy and boron case-hardening steels, itis now customary to test and release steel to herdenability requirements. Hardenability bands for these steels {based on BS 4437) are included in section four. These hardenability bands may be used as a guide to estimate the tensile strength of a ruling section at the time of heat treatment. When M steels are ordered, the properties quoted are for a test bar size of 19 mm (see 1.13.3.4.1). NOTE. The properties specified for both carbon and alloy stels ‘apply only tothe tert Bar size used and the heat treatment specified. TTother neat treatments andor sizes of test bar are used, thon 0.018 %. However in cases of dispute the appropriate ‘method of 85 4490 should be used NOTE 2. Grain sizes finer than 8 may be permitted by agreement NOTE 3. Boron steels are supplied witha grain sizeof 8 or finer Mieroslloyed steels are not subject to grain size contr 1.6.5 Cleanness. If required, standards for the degree of freedom from non-metallic inelusions and methods of determination shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. 1.7 Chemical composition 1.7.1 Composition ranges. The chemical composition of the steel, based on cast analysis, shall comply with the requirements of the appropriate material specification in sections two to five. NOTE. Where, in exceptional cass, the purchaser requires a steel of ether than stondord composition, this should be agreed at the time ofthe enquiry and order. 1.7.2 Sulphur and phosphorus contents 1.7.2.1 Carbon, carbon manganese and boron steels shall bbe supplied with sulphur and phosphorus contents each of 0.050 % maximum. For alloy steels, the sulphur content shall be 0.040 % maximum and the phosphorus content 0.035 % maximum. NOTE. Where specifically ordered, a lower content of sulphur and ‘Phosphorus, with each olamant at 0.025 % maximum, may be Supplied. This is recommended for certain alloy nitriding steel (see tabie 6) and for tensile strength ranges of 1225 Nim? minimum and greater. Other limits for sulphur and phosphorus ‘may be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier and stated fon the order. 1.7.2.2 Unless otherwise stated in the material specification, steels can be supplied to the following controlled sulphur ranges, with associated phosphorus contents, which shall be ‘agreed between purchaser and supplier and stated on the order. Stools Sulphur Phosphorus % % Carbon and carbon ‘manganese steels, and] 0.025-0.050 | 0.050 max. boron steels unless | 0.015-0.040 | 0.025 max. otherwise specified Alloy steets 0.025-0.050 | 0.035 max. 0.015-0.040 | 0.025 max. NOTE 1. Other ranges canbe supplied by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier NOTE 2, These ranges shouldbe used when iti considered desirable to minimize the adverse effect wich low sulphur Content can have on machinebi 1.1.23 The sulphur and phosphorus contents for stainless steels are given in tables 10 and 11. 1.7.3 Residual elements 1.7.3.1. Elements not quoted in the relevant specification shall not be added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser other than for the purpose of finishing the heat or to achiove anticipated or specified properties. NOTE. f required, the purchaser, by soreement withthe ‘manufacturer, may specify @ maximum content of ane or more ‘residual elements andor may require the amount of sated elements tobe reported on the appropriate certifi 1.7.3.2 In carbon, carbon manganese, boron and alloy steels, percentages of elements up to the following maxima shall be considered as incidental: chromium 0.30%; molybdenum 0.15 %; nickel 0.40%. 1.7.33 In micro-alloyed steels, maxima for residual elements shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplies 1.7.3.4 In stainless steels, percentages of elements up to ‘the following maxima shall be considered as incidental: Elements ~[Non-ustenitic | Austenitic fale ‘esl * * Molybdenum | 0.30 1.00 Niobium - 020 Titanium - 0.10 Copper 0.20 0.70 1.7.4 Steels containing lead. Steels containing lead may be supplied by agreement and the agreed lead range shall be stated on the order. In the absence of this agreement it shall be not less than 0.12 % nor greater than 0.36 % on the product analysis and shall be evenly and finely distributed. NOTE. If requested by the purchaser the distribution may be ‘checked by either alee print, lead exudation test or by ultrasonic ‘methods, the details for which should be agreed between the purchaser and the supple. ‘The supplier shall endorse the invoice, delivery document, ‘or appropriate certificate to indicate that lead has been ‘added to comply with the specified requirement, and the soe! shall be identifiable by a distinguishing mark agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. 1.8 Product analysis and permitted variations 1.8.1. Analysis of the product may vary from the specified cast analysis due to heterogeneity arising during soldi cation. Table 1 shows the variations permitted in product analysis in relation to cross sections not greater than 65.000 mm* ‘The table only applies to fully killed steels and not to rimmed or balanced steels. Except in the case of stainless steals, it does not apply to resulphurized free-cutting steel with respect to the elements sulphur and phosphorus. ‘The variations may occur either above or below the individual element ranges but shall not apply both above and below the specified range for any one element in any fone cast of steel. 1.8.2. Any product which on subsequent analysis falls ‘outside the permitted variations on the composition range specified for any element, shall be deemed not to comply with the requirements of this standard, 1.83 In the event of the results of the analysis ofa single sample falling outside the permitted variations on the product analysis, further samples shall be selected for ‘analysis from the remainder of the consignment as follows: {a) at least two samples from the same cast for delivered masses up to 5 ti (b) at least five samples from the same cast for delivered masses up to 20 t; {c} atleast eight samples from the same cast for delivered masses over 20 t. ‘The results of the analysis of these samples shall fall within ‘the permitted variations. If any of these further samples are proved to be outside the permitted variations for any specified element, the consignment shall be deemed not to comply with the requirements of this standard. 1.8.4. Samples for product analysis shall be taken in accordance with BS 1837 and in the event of dispute analysed in accordance with the appropriate methods of British Standard Handbook No. 19. BS 970: Part 1: 1991 Section one 1.9 Freedom from defects 1.9.1. General 1.9.1.1. Special testing and inspection arrangements may, required, be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier and should be stated at the time of enquiry and order. 1.9.1.2 The procedures for casting, working, reheating and cooling and the amount of working shall ensure that the product is free from piping, central unsoundness, harmful segregation and other harmful internal and external defects. 1.9.2 Surface defects 1192.1 Products intended for applications such as hot forgings which are not required for subsequent overall ‘machining (s2e 1.922) shall have a high standard of surface ‘quality and the surface conditioning shall be such as to remove defects detrimental othe appropriate processing and, where specified, te end use. Products intended for applications such as upset forging, cold heading or cold forging may require a higher degree of freedom from surface imperfection which shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. 1.9.2.2 Products intended for subsequent overall machining need not have the same freedom from surface defects as specified in 1.9.2.1. Surface conditioning need only be such a5 to remove harmful defects having regard to the machining allowance. The machining allowance shall not be less than 2 % on depth on the minimum permissible diameter of rounds or 2 % per side on the minimum permissible dimensions of flats or other solid sections. NOTE. Machining allowances lets than these may be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. 1.9.2.3 Products for rerolling or for applications other than those covered by 1.9.2.1 and 1.9.2.2 shall be free from dofects harmful to their appropriate processing and, where specified, the end use. Material supplied to these conditions may not be suitable for the applications covered by 1.9.2.1 and 1.9.2.2. 1.9.2.4 Forgings and drop forgings shall be finished in a workmanlike manner and shall be free from flaws and harmful defects. 1.9.2.5 When required, maximum decarburization levels, shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier NOTE. The surfaces of bars for induction herdening may be equiod tobe fre from decarburiaion nd they wil usually be turned or ground. If supplied in the black condition, overall grinding oF {turing may be permited to clear decarburztion, I necessary. 1.10 Condition of material on delivery 1.10.1 Carbon, carbon manganese, boron, micro-alloyed and alloy steels 1.10.1. Blooms, billets, slabs, black bars and rods. Blooms billets, slabs, black bars and rods shall be supplied as rolled ‘or as forged unless otherwise agreed between purchaser and supplier and stated on the ord 1.10.1.2 Forgings and drop forgings. Forgings and drop forgings shall be supplied in the condition stated on the order. 1.1013 Normalized bars. Normalized bars shall be supplied to the specified mechanical properties and in the condition stated on the order. 1.10.14 Material used in non heat treated condition. Material to be used in the non heat treated condition may 7 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Section one Table 1. Permitted variations of product analysis from specified range Element ‘Range in which Variation on Eloment, . Variation on Semnareteanna | Sates ae Semen omens | Use yee x «|x p x ie (Carton, cron manganese, boron and west [ero 003 fous snsoaoyd ses Sis 0.25 <0.50" 0.03 0.03. ~ ~ Staecte [8h [22 minim [>eao0.030<0.045 | 0.004 0.015-« 0.006 | 0.003 > 0.045 0.005 ooes-oovo | aces | ooos 0,050-0.10 0.010 | 0.008 Sulphur 0.030 0.003 Sotso 10.0< 15.0 0.15, 0.15 Sion [04s 003 [as Bisa10<20 0.05 0.05, Staeen [amt [dee Ei9sz0 [ams Jas Phosphorus |< 0.030 0,003 X ickel 0.03 Sote0 10.0< 20.0 0.15 0.15 Sooo ooo [ons p19 ars jas hen ges }0.015—0.040 0.004 0,003 Niobium Alll ranges 0.05 0.05 zs-ooso [ous | os = Seam [ones 003 fous nom [080 003 foas > 0.60 < 1.25 0.04 0.04 Titanium All ranges 0.05 0.05 Sioseee fom |oee Baacao foie [ate Movtenm [=080 coe owe Soe dos fous “When required by the purchaser and subject to agreement withthe supplier, sm ler variations for the carbon range over 0.25 % up to and {nchuding 0.50 % may be agreed 1 For 606M36, deviations from the sulphur analysis are not specified 8 be supplied to Brinell hardness values, by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. 1.10.2 Stainless steels 1.10.21 Ferritic steels. Products in ferritie steels shall be supplied in the softened condition. 1.10.2.2 Martensitic steels 1.10.2.2.1 Products for subsequent hot working shal be supplied in the softened condition. 1.10.2.2.2 Forgings, drop forgings and bars for machining shall be supplied in the condition stated on the order. 1.1023 Austenitic steels 1.10.2.3.1. Products for subsequent hot working shall ‘normally be supplied in the as forged or as rolled condition. 1.10.2.3.2 Forgings, drop forgings and bars for machining shall be supplied in the softened condition and, if required, subsequently descaled. The softening treatment may be ‘omitted if free cooling of the product from hot working ‘does not lead to the formation of carbide precipitates or sigma or other detrimental phases and if it complies with the requirements for the mechanical and intercrystalline corrosion tests. 1.11 Heat treatment The heat treatment to be given to the test bars and to ‘material required in the finally heat treated condition shall be as specified in tables 5,9, 10 and 11. 1.12 Mechanical properties In the material specifications included in this standard, all the specified mechanical properties refer to tests taken in the longitudinal direction (see 1.13.3.3 and 1.13.4.2). 1.13 Selection and preparation of material for mechanical testing (not applicable to micro-alloyed steels") 1.13.1 Definitions 1.13.1.1 test sample. The portion of the material selected for testing. 1.13.1.2 test bar. The test sample after preparation for heat treatment. 1.13.1.3 test piece. The test sample or test bar as finally prepared for testing. 1.13.2 Tensile strength of 1225 N/mm? or greater. Where the tensile strength of alloy steel is specified as 1225 N/mm? ‘minimum or more, the test bar may be machined to test piece size, plus grinding allowance if required, before heat ‘treatment. In such cases, the properties obtained are representative of those parts heat treated in the same ruling section as that of the test piece and may not represent larger ruling sections. 1.13.3 Selection and preparation of test bars for tensile and impact tests 1.13.3.1 Materia! not supplied in the finally heat treated condition. Where the ruling section of the material does not differ appreciably from that of the forging or parts to be produced, test samples may be taken directly from the BS 970 : Part Section one ‘material and heat treated in the original size. Alternatively, when it is considered either by the purchaser or by the supplier that the results of heat treating in the original size would not be representative of the properties that would be obtained on the forgings or parts to be produced, test samples shall be forged and/or machined to test bars of a diameter, or equivalent diameter, corresponding to the ruling section of the forgings or parts at the time of heat treatment. Test bars shall be given the representative heat ‘treatment for the parts concerned. ‘Subject to the requirements of 1.4.1, one tensile test and, ‘where relevant, one Izod impact test, comprising three notches, or three Charpy V-notch impact tests shall be taken from any batch of material of similar ruling section from the same cast. For the purpose of subsequent orders, ‘these tests shall be taken as representing all sizes of material from the same cast where the ruling section of the forgings (or parts does not exceed the ruling section of the test bar already tested. 1.13.32 Bars for machining supplied in the finally heat treated condition. The samples shall be cut from the heat treated bars and shall not be further heat treated or ‘mechanically worked after their removal. ‘Subject to the requirements of 1.4.1, one tensile test and, ‘where relevant, one Izod impact test, comprising three notches, or three Charpy V-notch impact tests shall be made on any batch of bars of similar size from the same cast and heat treated together, when applicable. 1.1333 Forgings, drop forgings and machined parts. For forgings and drop forgings with a ruling section equivalent to a diameter greater than 29 mm, integral test samples may be provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, when a prolongation shall be provided on an agreed proportion of forgings or drop forgings. Unless otherwise agreed, the prolongation shall have a diameter approximately equal to the ruling section Of the forging or drop forging at the time of heat treatment and it shall not be finally sovered until after heat treatment. Where integral test samples are not practicable or are not ‘required, for small forgings and drop forgings with ruling sections equivalent to a diameter of 29 mm or less, and for parts machined from bars not finally heat treated, separate ‘test samples shall be provided. These shall be provided from the bars or billets from which the forgings, drop forgings or parts are made, or may be additional forgings, drop forgings (oF parts. The test samples shall be forged and/or machined to test bars of a diameter, or equivalent diameter, ‘corresponding to the ruling section of the forgings, drop forgings or parts and shall be heat treated with the material they represent. The number of tests shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. Where integral test samples are required and it is not practicable to take tests in a longitudinal direction, ‘tests may be taken in an alternative direction and the properties obtained shall be subject to agreement between the purchaser and the supplier (see 1.13.4.2). 1.13.34 Steels for case hardening 1.13.3.4.1 Size of test bar. The test bar size shall be 19 mm diameter. + For mier-lloyed sels, the samping antes procedure is by aproement 0023 BS 970: Part 1: 1991 Section one NOTE 1. For carbon and carbon manganese stele, 13 mm or 29 mm diameter test bar may be used by agreement (see 1442.2). NOTE 2. For alloy steels witha tensile strength of 1225 Nimm? or greater, ste 1.132. 1.13.3.4.2 Selection of samples. Subject to the requirements of 1.4.1, one test sample shall be selected to represent each cast. If the size of the test sample is greater than the specified test bar size, test bars shall be prepared by forging and/or machining to that size; but for sizes ‘smaller than 13 mm diameter, for carbon and carbon ‘manganese steels and for sizes smaller than 19 mm diameter, for alloy steels, the test bar shall be heat treated in the full section of the sample, NOTE. The propetesspocfedn section fout apply only toring sections equivalent othe preferred tet bars When components of sitferen ruling section are carburized and heat tested, diffe core properties wil be obtained. Simily st may be necessary to when the tst sample siz ies than the [Attention is also drawn to the influence of several factors such as sted composition, ruling section end heat treatment, on the hardest of the case. For example, even if low core strength sullce it will be necessary to use an alloy ste for acceptable case hardenability of the largest section size. 13.343 Heat treatment of test bars. The test bars shall be blank carburized for at least 1h at a temperature between 1880 °C and 990 °C. After cooling to room temperature, they shall be reheated to the single quenching temperature, 2s stated in table 9, and quenched in oil 1.13.4 Location of test pieces for mechanical testing 1.13.4.1 General, In the general case where longitudinal tests are required, the test piece shall be prepared in ‘accordance with the following (a) For ruting sections up to and including 25 mm, the test piece shall be machined coaxially from the test bars {(b) For ruling sections over 25 mm, the longitudinal axis of the test pieces shall be 12.5 mm from the surface of the test bars. 1.13.4.2 Transverse and other tests. When transverse tests for tests in other directions are required, the location of the test pieces and values for mechanical properties shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. 1.14 Frequency of other tests 1.14.1 Number of hardness tests. The manufacturer shall carry out sufficient tests in accordance with the relevant ‘clauses of this standard in order to ensure that the material complies with the specified hardness. 1.14.2 Number of hardenability tests. Subject to the requirements of 1.4.1, unless otherwise agreed, one test sample selected to represent each cast shall be reduced by forging or rolling to a size not greater than 38 mm diameter which shall represent the full cross section of the material. ‘This test bar shall also be of sufficient size to ensure the ‘complete removal of carburization in machining to the standard tost piece of 25 mm diameter 1.14.3 Number of grain size tests. Subject to the requirements of 1.8.1, when a grain controlled stecl is required and unless otherwise agreed, one test sample for the determination of austenitic grain size shall be selected to represent each cast 10 1.14.4 Number of intercrystalline corrosion tests (applicable to austenitic stainless steels only). If specified and agreed at the time of enquiry and order, one inter- crystalline corrosion test shall be carried out per cast per heat treatment batch on the product having the largest equivalent diameter in the batch. 1.15 Test methods and test results 1.18.1 Tensile text 1.16.1.1 The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with BS EN 10002-1 1.15.1.2 In cases of dispute and except as provided in 1.15.1.3, tensile test pieces shall be machined from ‘blooms, billets, slabs, bars, forgings and drop forgings to the dimensions of the 11.28 mm diameter (100 mm? cross- sectional area) test piece o, ifthe test bar is too small, to the dimensions of the largest recommended round test piieco that can be obtained having a gauge length equal 105.65 V/ So. 1.1.1.3 When agreed between the purchaser and the supplier or for material not greater than 15 mm diameter ‘oF width across flats, unmachined test pieces having @ ‘gauge length equal to 5.65 / S, may be used. 1.15.14 The properties specified in the relevant material specification or on the order shall be determined and the results obtained shall comply with the requirements. For the yield strength R, of non-austentie steels, the following properties shall be determined for acceptance ‘Purposes unless otherwise agreed. Either the upper yield stress, Ry, oF the 0.5% proof stress (total elongation), Ras, ‘may be determined and the material specification is complied with in this respect if ether value satisfies the value of the yield strength Rin cases of dispute, the 0.5% proof stress (total elongation), Fi. shall be determined. ‘When specifically ordered and permitted by the material specification, the 0.2 % proof stress (non-proportional elongation), Fpq2 of non-austenitic steels shall be ‘measured and the value obtained shall comply with the specified requirement. For austenitic steels, when specifically ordered the 0.2 % Proof stress, Ryo.z, and/or the 1.0 % proof stress Roto, shall be measured and the value obtained shall comply with the specified requirements. The 1 % proof stress may only be ordered when permitted by the material specified 1.15.2 Impact tests. Either one or other of the following twsts shall be carried out. The choice shall be the option of the supplier. (a) Charpy V-notch impact test This test shall be ‘carried out in accordance with BS EN 10046-1. {b) /z0d impact test. This test shall be carried out in ‘accordance with BS 131 : Part 1 “The average value of the results obtained for three notches, shall comply with the relevant requirements of the material specification. One individual value may be below the specified value, provided it is not less than 70 % of that value. NOTE. tis not possible te convert values fom type of impact testtothe other 11.153 Hardness test. The Brinell hardness test shall be carried out in accordance with BS 240 using, where possible, a 10 mm diameter ball and load of 3000 kg. Alternatively, Vickers and Rockwell methods of hardness testing in accordance with BS 427 and BS 891, respectively, may be used. NOTE. Considerable caution shouldbe exercised when converting from one hardnest sale to another and in cases of dispute the Brinell hardness tet shall be used. 1.15.4 Hardenability test. Hardenability tests shall be carried out in accordance with the appropriate method of BS 4437. The values to be verified shall be selected by the purchaser in accordance with that standard. NOTE. Graphs forthe compariton of the various H grades are given in appendix A. These are for guidance only. 1.15.5 Grain size test. Grain size tests shall be carried out in accordance with the appropriate method given in BS 4490. NOTE. Other methods may be used by agreement between the purchaser and the supple see 1.8.4, 1.15.6 Intercrystalline corrosion test (applicable to ‘austenitic stainless steels only). A bend test piece shall be prepared and tested in accordance with BS 5903. It shall be sensitized by heating at a temperature of 650 °C for the time specified in table 11 followed by cooting in sil air. 1.16 Retests 1.16.1 General. Subject to the requirements of 1.4.1, retests shall be carried out as specified in 1.16.2 to 1.16.6. However, if any test sample or test piece fails to comply ‘with the requirements of 1.15 as a result of incorrect test procedure or faulty equipment, the test results shall be discarded and a further test sample(s) shall be retested in accordance with 1.15. 1.16.2 Tensile tests 1.16.21. Should any of the original test pieces fail, twice the original number of test samples shall be selected for retesting, one of which shall be taken from the bar, billet, forging or drop forging from which the original test sample ‘was taken, unless that item has been withdrawn by the manufacturer. 1.16.2.2 The mechanical propert obtained from the ‘est pieces prepared from the further test samples shall comply with the specified requirements. Should any of the retests fail, the material represented shall be deemed for testing. 1.16.3 Charpy V-notch impact and Izod impact tests 1.16.3.1 If the average of three impact values is lower than the specified value, or if any one value is lower than 70 % of ‘this specified value, three additional test pieces shall be taken from the same sample and tested. The average value of the six tests shall be not less than the specified value. Not more ‘than two of the individual values may be lower than the specified value and not more than one may be lower than 70 % of this value. 1.16.3.2 In the case of material suppli in the heat treated BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Section one condition, the manufacturer shall have the right to reheat treat the material and resubmit it for testing. 1.16.4 Hardness test 1.16.4.1 Should the hardness value determined on any bloom, billet, slab, bar, forging, drop forging or machi part fail to comply with the specified requirements, then an ‘adequate number of items shall be selected for retesting, ‘one of which shall be the original bloom, billet, slab, bar, forging, drop forging or machined part, unless that iter has been withdrawn by the manufacturer. 1.16.4.2 Should the hardness results obtained on all the retest items comply with specification requirements, then the batch shall be deemed to comply with this standard. 1.16.4.3 Should any retest item exhibit hardness values not complying with the specified requirements, then tensile ‘est pieces may be prepared, as applicable, from the items showing the widest deviation, above and/or below the agreed hardness range. Should the results obtained from such tensile test pieces comply with the tensile test requirements of the specification, then the material shall be deemed to comply with this standard. Failing this, the batch represented by the original tests may bbe reheat treated and resubmitted for testing. 1.16.5 Hardenability and grain size tests. Should the results of either of these tests fail to comply with the specified requirements and this is confirmed on retesting, ‘the material shall be deemed not to comply with this, standard. 1.16.6 Intorcrystalline corrosion test. The relevant provisions of BS 5903 shall apply. 1.17 Inspection ‘The purchaser or his representative shal have access at all reasonable times to those parts of the manufacturer's works ‘engaged on the order. He shall be at liberty to inspect the manufacture at any stage and to witness the required tests ‘When the material is to be inspected and tested in the presence of the purchaser's representative, it shall be so, stated on the enuiry and order. 1.18 Manufacturer's statement If required by the order, the manufacturer shall supply a certificate stating the cast analysis of the material, the heat ‘treatment, the results of the mechanical or other tests, ‘or any combinations of these. ‘The document supplied shall state the steelmaking and casting process and, when requested, the reduction from the as cast state (see 1.6.1 and 1.6.2). 1.19 Marking If the purchaser requires special marking to be applied to the material then the manner of marking shall be the subject of agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. If this marking is required it shall be stated on the enquiry and order (see also 1.7.4 regarding the marking of lead containing steels). " BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Section two ‘Section two. Specific requirements for as-rolled, as-rolled and softened and micro-alloyed carbon manganese steels 2.1 Specific requirements for as-rolied and as-rolled ‘and softened steels NOTE. For requirements fr trough hardning steels, se action thee, Category 1 steels shall be used for new designs and for ‘established designs whenever possible. ‘The chemical composition and mechanical properties shall be as given in table 2. 22 Specific requirements for micro-alloyed carbon ‘manganese stools [NOTE 1. The tos inckaed in thie subcause develop hr properies by he xin of smal amoues of vanadium o oer mir-aloyng element together with conv of he werking temperature and edbeoqunt ai coling* _andin te inihed condition hove a feriperite suc te tom bait ‘They ofr, forearan applicators, an aematve route to obtaining heroes and tensile srength normaly associated wth medium carton and aly steele Inthe hardened and tempered conon. * Fortis eason the use ofsoparato ts bari not recommended. 12 ‘Since the analysis ofthe steel necessary to attain the specified properties depends on processing conditions and section size, itis not possible to state specific analysis. requirements; the analysis, however, shall be selected from ‘within the broad range given in table 3, according to the particular end conditions and strength grade required. In ‘order to be free from bainte, due account shall be taken of those elements which may form this constituent, e.g. Mo, Mn, Cr, Ni and Cu. When necessary, metallurgical advice shall be sought. [NOTE 2. To id machina, tay be necessary forthe mrosbucte ofthe forged partto bo agreed BS 970: Part 1: 1991 Section two \ee—602 zoc~ar2 uae-ete e11020-800 sgo-oc0 | towosz % wenedues equa | (liane Swuowoxnbes Auodoid jeoyueypow pue uoHsoduo> eoqEUD :s)0e}s eseueBuew uoqies poh ‘suNss0 ‘ozvono sivovo zivor0 ‘ouvoro ‘ovoro (pa1cs- se) eens woaieD (hz hobo | meer} was. | ynbea Auedoud jeajueysew pue uopIsoduios jeaILO4a 1819038 peusyjos pue polto-se pus pojorsy“Z O1eL 13 Bs 971 Section three Section three. Specific requirements for steels for surface hardening by nitriding and for through hardening boron steels Specific requirements for steels for surface hardening by nitriding shall be as given in table 4. Specific requirements for through hardening boron steels shall be as given in tables 5 and 6. Table 4, Steel for surface hardening by 1g: chemical composition Steet Chemical composition Alloy stot | Mo cr Mo Others roavao | 036-048 | 0.70-1.00 | 090-120] 01—0.25 | 4x P+ sn <0.15% room4o | 036-048 | 0.70-1.00 | 090-120] 0.28035 | 4x P+sn<0.15% 72032 | 028-035 | 040-070 | 280-330] 040-060 raaw24 | 020-028 | 0.45 0.70 | 300-350 045-065 | 4x P+ <0.12% 97m39 | 0.35— 0.43 | 0.45~ 0.70 | 3.00— 3.50 | 0.80~1.10 | 0.025 max. $ 0.025 max. v0.15 025 4x P+ Sn <0.10% s05m29 | 0.35—0.43 | 040-065 | 1.40~ 1.90 | 0.15 - 0.25 | P:0.025max. $ 0.025 max ‘810.90 — 1.30 4x P+ $n <0.10% 14 ou jeyeneus 30} 10g wm jo uous uss04P nou we ueypuond ajauiuAs Usnard #10 10 “Ev 4 01 S104 068 (4) ore | oss-oce onset ova | ose-ove ort eyuadorayojueyous boioLt ove | 058-018 a senoct sos | 06-016 ozHoat wean sumeseduny Siwyoueng | emeedwes veeveid Tusuneen Buqwepiny | (yz AtoBeueg | (1b AroBeneg pus -Auqeuepsey 20} swewesynbeu oH wens swuewesnbes uewnee.s 1204 :Joexs Uos0q Bujuepsey YBno1YA “9 2142) ‘aztjes o1e snjen Anjugeuop ey oy Susp Peurunedap oq Asus UOI0Q 1104. 4g) 19" or e10u 968 (1) ve] se] sc] ov] ev] ov] ey] 1s] zs] za] zal es] es] os] cs] om 00-c008 v3] s3| 93] cs] a3] 29] 69] 63] 63] 09] 09) 09] 09] 09] o9|xew | @1)s00'0-s0000 8 erami0g, sro-s00 | sro-sr0| sxi-szt| svo-oe'0 ovssai | ez| se] ze] ce} 03] 1s] zs} es] eo] um oc} -| ov} c+] za] 93] 95] za] 8a| 65] 65) 09) 09] ew | (gi s00;0-s0000 9 a1ani0g, or't-og0} wro-2'0 beHoct cz| 9z| se| eo] cv} or] 1s] vm zz| -| ec] -| v2} s2| oc 1] co} zs] v5) 98] cs] as] es|xew | ex)00-s0000 erani0g, orto | se'0-ze0 seHoct sz| 9e| o»| oz| 9z| ze} oc] ev] ov] co} ao| 181)8000-s0000 9 21an105, orto | exo-cr0 oztout ‘03 9¥| op| 9¢| oc] 2] oz| stl ex] u1) 6] «| =| e[ or weno "N ow 0 ow 2 | iye Arbon (1)4 Atte oun 18 DUH oryroduios enweu og 15 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Section four ‘Section four. Specific requirements for case In selecting a case hardening steel for components having hardening steels larger section sizes, attention has to be given to the need Tae 7eaunaiogiin nasoransttacme (sam nes a = hacen teri cabonrahy apr, T iri wc ang beni io wo aera seas anmidbe ein od of erg welds rou cr sd for new deine andforestablichod designs whenevar SreTm. wate hardening not an option because o * ‘Necessary to achieve satisfactory case hardness. hardenability requirements for alloy steels (see table 10). 16 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Section four yt oisiouses |) ‘sez] oze| sve] se] ose] ww 1 - S8¢| $1) Ov» | osp| o9>| eu 080-090] co1-ox0| ozo-v1 0 cumces oz| orz) 082] ove| oe) ww Ore | SBE) S¥¥| osr| a1] eu 090-00] o90-oF0| avo-zr0 sinecs 081] o1z] rz] oze] ove S8z| ocz| ove Scz) sez ose] s5z, ote | oft, 88 s02| o12| siz| oze| sez] o92| o8z| sez ‘o0e| oss| oz1| e01| oe] azz] ore| ace] cvs] azv| ove| acz| ooe| ari | veoneh T 3000-50000 @ T ez) -| sz ze} ee| oc) i| ze| ev] ee] ev| ev| ww! “ goo-to0s se] =| 1 Se, BF Br| 6h) Gp| O8| O5| Of| O| xu] — mewos004 | 081-081 | sz0-ozo eznse s000-s0000 8 iz] ez| 9z| ze| se| ce| 6c| ov] ir) t| ty) ww) “"soo-c00s i ve] -| é€) 2] | o>] co] ce] ce] ay) ay| ap) Gy) eu) — xewos004 ezo-tt0 ozhres 5009-s0000 8 vz| 92] ec) ze| se) ec| sc| se] ww) ““a00-c008| az} -| oc] ze| se] 2] em] v| ve] S| sy] sr] or] seu) — seWos004 sro-e10| ounect ‘5000-30000 9| sz| 1c] 9c) e¢| ec] | “"s00-coos vz) | v2| s2| ez 2] ev] o| S| Sy] >) — “Aeoa004! ovi-o80| ero-zr0 sinoct vuus} wi] wos) ws} asus] was wut] ws) ws} ws] wes * * * * * * “ueiepeserie UH (g 21921 29s syuewesinbes Auedosd Jeolueyoous 104 “y xipuadde osje #98 eouepin6 10)) ‘sSuauiauinbos Ayjiqeuepsey pue uo}ysoduioo yeoqueYy> :s]903s Aojfe pus uo10g Buyuepyey ese *L 2142. 7 ] oz| ze[ sz] te] ce] is] ww ] ] T ] ez] ez| v2] sc] ex] os] 8) Se] orl o| Us| er) seu seo-se0| szo-st0/ s90-s0| se0-o90) ezo-e10 oznsoe zz| 9% | oz 7z| ce} 6c) mw | j | | ee) se] ce} we] ze] 9¢| ar] be) 6) ww] s90-s¢0) ¢e0-090| ozo-r10| —_cuss08) | zz] zz/ sz| sz| ze| se| ac| ce) ww} | se) oc] se] Ge] Se] Se] 86) th) Ho] 5) | ty] anu ser-ano) oro-ovo] exo-cs0 | ozneoe oz| z| ze] 2] 92| a2| ce] oF] oo| ue ve| oz| 22] 66) fe] 56) 86] S| op] | Ts| a ove-os | 80-860) azo-ceo] czas oz| zz| 92| se| | uw oz| se| ec| se| cz| ez] 2] 2) fo) S| op| mw 02-08 s¢0-s¢0| ezo-c10| o2weo9 j wz) ¥z| ec| ee) ww oz| sz| ze| ve| sz| oe) se] 96) te) se| Se) mw 20-084) o€0-0z0| sco-seo| ozo-rro| — cimeo9 sz| zz| ez| sz) sz| 2) oc| 2e| re| 9¢| ce| uw | | ec| pe| fe] ce| Bel OF] te] Se] Eel be] Sel be) ew | sce-ooe| | 001-020] ov0~seo| so-o10| —exwsso| oz| sz] e2| #2] 2z| ez] re| ce| 6c) ow | _ | ez| sz] oc) te) a6] SE) %| OF| Be) be) Sr] Se) mw se1-se0 c01-090| 60-090] ozo-rr0) cance wz] ez) 92| ze) | oz} zz| ez] v2) oz} az| oc| &| S6| Or! S| S| mw | orr-oco) | o¢0-or0! oso-o90! eso-zv0) — simses oz| zz} vz| 9z| 6z| ze] oc] oc| ww sz| oc| se] e€] fe| Le] 6e| &| oo) By] Co| mew | 11-080] oft -001| ozo-v0 sH068 www] uw} wu} was] as] ous un | ui] woe] wes} ane * * *| * + * (ren Su Ree ony ==. =| sfep > fp ape so] |e sta] tos “one ener ouH cones enue = BS 970: Part 1: 1991 Section four (Penupuco) swewsesnbes Ayyqeuepsey pue uonssodusod jeo{WeYD :sjeeis Aojje pue uoiog Buepiey ese °L 91921 18 BS 970: Part 1: 1991 Section four Lv toreiove9s (1) ws] ce] ve] se e) se] oc] ec] ec] oc] ww &| | | oe S| S| S| Se) Sp] Sr| ou oce-o8e| oco-s10| ori-oo1/ o80-sz0| ero-zi0 sinsca zz| s2| iz) 2z ze| ve| 9€| zc} ce] ce] ou ve] s2] 96| Ge! be| bo| be] te] be] be] new sce-oot| sz0-or0| 001-a¢0) o90-se0| 9x0-010| execs ez| oc| 1c| ze as| e| e¢| sc] oc] ec] ml | 2) e| e Sr] Sr] o>] 9) o»| se] ew szz-s¢1| sz0-810| or1-oe1| o¢o-ov0| ozo-v19} caneze ve] ve} sz| sz se] sc| ce] ec] oc] oc] wu “| cel 8e| 8e S| Sp] o>] 9) op| se] ew: 002-081| ozo-or0| oz1-o80| 060-090] ozo-v10 canoze o oe] ze| ce] se) ce| oc] wu ce] cc] ve] 96 | | S| Se) op| op] eu oci-0e1| ozo-o10] oz1-o80| 060-090] ozo-vi0 | canst sz| vz| cz] ce] ec] oc wu | sz| 9z| 92) 9 ve | 8¢| fo] ye) So| op| ew 8c0-8e0| ov0-0¢0| s90-se0| 01-00] ozo-vi0 tatoo zz| s2| 92] ce] oc| cx) ww v2] v2| ¥2| a 36] 8¢| | 9p) S| os) ew 810-0] szo-st0| sp0-seo| s60-o90| szo-e10 2800 ww} ano} wr] ws] ws wu} ww] wus} was] as) ws * | * | «| * | ‘Pao aen un RR ANY eo] | om] se] or] dD = ™ on 2 o 2] wehetena] iseetnen conn een oun seesaw es (pepnjouc9) syuewsesnbes Ayqeuepiey pus UoR!sodw0? jeo|WeYD :sjo0s Ane pue uo10g Buluepiey ese °Z 246) 19 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Section four ‘913 jo pus awe seadde yuu ssiouae>pur sass yusied useing a] nw] a] om |e coe-081 | 00-080 so-so | 8¢0-020 ence | se of a oe 6 002-091 o€0-0z0 | seo-seo| oz0-v10 zsiveas | ve} | 8 | am) gt sce-ooe | eor-oco| oeonse0| 10-010 tines Gei-aso| wore aoimoco, obo-ar0 | stomnio,——siveed tone | at et-a00 1-090 | as0-o00| oc0-610 cinees woi-oco| ewovo| sco-vso| ceo-ao | cio-t10 zw! | | oe) ori—oco ee0-ora | opo-o0 | br0-210 e060 erimor0 | sr0-810 wezigt | lezISL. oo oes et oLt-080 oft oot oz0-vi0 | 1 cuWo8s oeo-oco| os0-a0| ev0-pv0 aovees won} oa] oe | ot | cho-ov0 | tor-ove | ozo-ni0 tinezs ~ — 9898 hong 10-0108 ogi-or1 | e10-e10 | siveie | we) | 8) on |) SE | edt i | eR ae |S eto-ov0s ooi-o21 | svo-zi0 sunnie promovos | error | sro-evo suit se) | | om #| &] 8) & | | #| &| 3) oe sio-o105 | cei-os0| avo-z10 sunoie or i-ore a 10 sivset | zw) se} ot | oss « i H) | 8] BB) nel e| &] ok] ot me | ost-o11 | svo-e0 sunoti “sjs018 sseueGueW LoqueED 1 — . " 1 T ovo-10 | eo siveeo | se] ote #) | H) | at] om cor-090 | svo-ni0 unos evo-oro | e10-800 cuvsro woe) | ow | net B) oH) oR) ome vo-0e0 | e10-c00 ounsro that fogmuyn | ss x * «| . . . - ‘sieens voea = o es my ee =e squeweunbes Auedoid jeojueyseus pue uopysodusos jea}w8Y4> ss]e0}s Buyuapiey ose o1qe1 20 BS 970: Part 1: 1991 Section four ‘1p payne anp pees Aanaewasuoo vg sey few uM SEI MOUSISEPAL (6) =) eye Pam corms] oon] orion | eso-uo | eroctve T a] | 6 | om et-oe| see-oro| oovoco| oov-seu| aromoro | cumese HB] oS) ob] set | Sereei |] geecere | oesmaes | geecege | Sete anaes | oL0-ovo sz0-s10 | 090-0r0 ‘060-010 ezo-B10 | ozvs08: exo-ro| azo-s10| oro-aro | os0-0c0| oro-si0 100 | Ee ponmteratans ms [oom om 5 =} 5 Sj =e | es wey | wey ‘voarodwo: ws (pepnjouce) swewesnbss Kuedoud jesyueysou pue uoRssodusoo eojLuOYD ssyoeys Bujuepiey ese 8 9/401. 24 BS 970: Part 1: 1991 Section four Table 9. Case hardening steels: heat treatment and maximum hardness requirements Steet eqarementforherdenabiy et] Maximum hares HB when paced ne ode) tow conaaons avery Caregory 111 | Catepory2() | Hardening | Preheat ‘Austenitzing | Bareand ite | Forgings and bors for machining “newer tempers |“ “eet amma [ashen Rematns and (Carbon, carbon manganese stele "e c a oxsanio 900-230 eons '900-930 Sous }900-890 210m18 }300-830 2am '900—820 Boron stele vom 5 930-950 925 THe = 930-950 | 925 ¥7aH20 7 930-950 | 926 175H23, 7 30-350 | 925, ‘Alloy ste 523415 = 830-980 ] 925 [207 [207 523m5 ja20-s40 |= 5 07 207 S277 = sa0-950 [925 = 217 S277 20-840 |~ | = 27 ‘590117 5 930-950 | 70 = 217 590417 s20-80 | es 7 a7 essmis | — 930-950 |926 207 207 jessurs — |az0-80o | 5 207 207 jem | 930-950 | 925 207 217 esrmry | a20-240 | 207 27 essa | 980-900 | 490 255 = |255 23 sssuia | g00-220 |= 7 255 7 2s 223 ssn? | 20-950 |a2s 207 207 sizo | 930-950 | 925 207 207 esas | 930-950 |926 223 229 fsesur7 | @20-840 | 5 207 207 ‘se5uz0 [20-40 | = 207 207 fecsues— |a20-e40 | 229 229 oan20 930-950 925 7o8M20 5 5 5 = = 217 908H17 925 207 207 ‘2054420 925 207 207 osH22 225, 217 Bu 06677 207 207 205820 207 207 0822 S 207 aN 908417 25 5 5 oan? = = a1sH17 925 255 = 255 zat s1sMt7 5 255 = 288 2a 8201117 820 271 7 269 208 2017 7 an = 269 248 ea2u17 830 277 = 260 255 B22M17 ah 5 268 288 lesamra 30 255 255 248 aszm9 286 = 255 bas sashis 830 207 \- 217 269 . arr S an 269 ess (11 Seenotet0 1463, (90) Shao be sess retaved a a temperature not exceeding 200°C 22 Section five. Specific requirements for stainless and heat resisting steels ‘Tables 10 and 11 specify requirements for ferrtc, martensitic ‘and austenitic stainless and heat resisting steels. Especially in the case of austenitic steels, changes have been made to take into account agreements that have been reached in international harmonization discussions and. BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Section five mainly concern the chemical composition ranges. ‘The changes include the introduction of 2.0 % to 2.5 % and, 2.5 % to 3.0 % molybdenum ranges in place of the single range 2.25 % to 3.0 % molybdenum, the removal of the previous minimum silicon and manganese limits and for ‘certain unstabilized steels, the chromium range has been ‘widened allowing chromium down to 17.0 %. 23 BS 970: Part 1: 1991 Section five zoe-ore| seo] -|S2uue25!) 11! oe looor-ose| oss=oss| os:| | leeiozot ose wae ~| ear] [anon 0600/0100] o1| ot pre-sv9} ezsier uex~eee| sss] — [2S 895)) cx] ses] see-see| weroox-009| ont] | | secmioz] sey = /S2UNES=)} gi! ze) ose-o0x) weiose-os8) ost] | | \eciogot—ose wz) =| aot! -lor-oz1] otoalonoo! 1! o1jezo-azo) eesoer kee eee sss] oz eb 9@5/ z6-Szc| (we)00L-009| 6z s | ssc-toz] sew) [2269 =|) i! az | ose-o0c| werose—ose| ot] | \ctiogot ose ae =| co! - oe ore Ot fozomsio) sxsoe ssz-tor] sor] - oz s2s| ose-002 © ¥ | | toemtst| Ore) = s ce | 002 —02s on) a loooo! szs|se0-s10] — eo1 |ov0)se1 5000900 10-600! irsoi uaz-cez}—se| - on 998] szs—sce ont s | | | serie] Se] = oe Ses| osem00e oa) g | | exe =| 001 | 020) o%1~021 |se0-s10|0000 01/ex0-0r0| cesoir ur-en| a3) - o 93) sze-sue ez| os | sse-tor| Ser] = oe S03) 028-002 m8 | | az =| et | oF0)se1-s1 |s60-s:0len00 o1|ozo-vi0) ezssir ssz-soz| se] - oe) ou szs| os9-o0r © 4 | | | weet) oe) $2) st] oie] cou=on5 old wor =| et |ov0 s€0-s10)0900| s+) 01|s10-so0| szsaue sse-i0e] see] - sz|s| 28] ose-ooz © ¥ I | vor-esi| ove} ~/82845251) oe] ove cor ons, on; a \ wot =| er) - 0200 or00 o1|s10-s00| reso" L l Lot ° L Tones meuon] sve] =] ee] ose] vwoer 2] -) an =] we] eroo]oroo] 01] 91] eoo] cvsoer mewort| —Sre| = =| Se] See) hao oi) =) Gat =| oe = oe00 [ovoa| Si) Se) seer yun} or] aw exgun| egunen | | =| js i a sieeis sey ‘squeweunbes Aysedoad jeoueypow pue jueUIeER yey ‘UOR}sodwi0D jeo}LWEYD :s}903s Buns}se. Jeay pue ssejuyeys apJsueyeW pue 9111104 ‘01 eGe, 24 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Section five 0 se 060-094] o11-o8 = on | - ost) ov seo-stoes| 01-08 oz! - ost) oF - oz! - soz| oF 7 oz! oe| oz} se ovo-o514 osz-00z oz! en soz} oF - ooe-osz oz. a soz| ob| - osz-ooz oz ot ost] ov} os - coos oz! eat o ost] oF, os - 082-007 | oz, cat oe soz] 0c) ais. (001-901 aN = oz eat o oo) se) ous. o@0-2811| - oz eat o 361) or| Oy - - oz cat s sei} op| oa = - oz eat oe ost! o| oa a - oz eat -| os:| or) ols - - se00| 02 ou) eeu trem, www * * x|_ | eaao ™ ow » s| «| wos] oo smury| way | nares | Boman (prin efor een une) uoyedues enue) mg squewiouinbes Auedoud yeojueysou pue queues, Bujueyos ‘uoRssodusod jeo!WU949 :sjoeys Gunsiso: yeoy pue ssojuyeys 2pyUeRSNY “LL GEL 25 BS 970 : Part Section six 991 ‘Section six. Specific requirements for sizes and tolerances 6.1 Sizes 6.1.1 Bilets for forging. Billets for forging shall be supplied in ‘accordance with the nominal sizes given in table 12. {6.1.2 Black bar. The sizes of bars shall be selected from Bs6722. NOTE. ies thor than has in 856722 maybe aval. 6.2 Mass/unit length tolerances Billets for forging shall be supplied in accordance with table 12, 63 Dimensional tolerances {63.1 Black bar. Tolerances shall be in accordance with tables 1310 15. 6.3.2 Drop and press forgings and upset fr horizontal forging machines. Drop and press forgings and pst forgings made on horizontal forging machines shal comply with BS 4114 unless otherwise agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. 6.4 Straightness 6.4.1 Billets and bars for machining. Billets and bars for ‘machining shall be straightened to within 2 mm in any 1 m length. 4.2 Billets and bars for forging. Billets and bars for forging shall be straight to within 1/250 in any unit length, 65 Length The standard tolerance on length for random length bars shall be 600 mm. NOTE. Closer tolerances may be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier ‘Table 12. Billets (other than stainless steel) for forging: standard mass er metre and tolerances Round cornered square billets (38) Round bits Nominat Nominat | Standard] Permissible size (39) size (40) | mass | variations on mast ero flats ameter mm kom | % mm kgim | % 50 193 76 356 51 20.1 80 305 55 233 85 445 87 25.0 90 4a9 60 277 95 63 306 100 65, 32.7 105 67 346 10 70 37.7 115 73 410 120 5 43.2 125 76 444 |) +250r, 130 £2500, 80 49.1 || when a minimum 135 when a minimum 83. 529 || mass is specified, 140 mass is specified, 85 555 || +5,-0; 45, +5,-0; 86 568 || when amaximum 150 when a maximum 90 622. || massis specified, 155 mass is specified, 92 65.2 || 10, 5, 160 40,5. 95 605 165 98 74.0 170 100 770 175 105 84.9 180 108 a98 1385 10 93.1 190 15, 101.7 195 120 110.2 200 127 1240 205 130 129.7 210 135 140.3 215 140 151.3 220 (38) When round cornered square billet are supplied to the mass/unit length requirements ofthis bie, ‘should be realized tht, because ofthe ditferences in rll pass design, between sides, which may exist From mill 0 mil, here may be sight differences in the ae billet of the same standard mass, (39) These are prefered sizes for round cornered square bls, ‘corner radius and angle {40} For other size of ound billets, standerd masses shall be calculated using the formule: 1 (nominal size, in mm x 0.00785 Standard mars (in kg/mm) 26 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Section si Table 13. Tolerances for hot rolled round and square bar and rough turned rounds Sie Permitted variation General applications ‘Speci! epplictions Primary rolled Reolled materist | Rolled material round matarial Diameter [Outot [Diameter [outer | Diamewr | Outof section |or width |section | orwidth | ction Ga” Jacrom [ta | seroas | (an) fats fate mm tmm tmm fmm [tmm fmm <1 |- — |o2 a3 |o2 03 > w< 26 |- - jo3 as |o2 03 > w< 38 |- - joa os |o2 joa > se< 1 |- - jos os |o3 05 > si< 64 |- - fos a9 joa 06 > ea< 76 |- - jor a1 [os os > 16< 90 |13 20 |o7 1 > 90<120 | 15 23 |o8 12 >120< 160 | 20 3.0 >160<200 | 25 38 > 200 3.0 45 (411 ration to table 13, the definition of ‘out of section’ i as folows: Found bar. The oiference between the maximum and the minimum diameter of the bor messured at the same cross sction ‘Square ba. The dilfeence between the two dimensions measured across the two pairs of opposing (paral) sides ata common cross section of the ba. NOTE, By apreement between purcheser and supplier, the tolerances may be al plu ‘or all minus, 9. the general applications tolerance or 16 mm round may be either ‘lus 0.4 mm or minus 04 mm. ‘Table 14. Tolerances for hot rolled hexagonal bar ‘Table 15. Tolerances for hot rolled flat bar Size Permitted variation ‘Size Permitted variation Ganeral applications | Special applications Gonerat Special ‘applications | applications Revolled material | Re-olled matoriat with Ourot [wists outer *mm *mm serom | section ‘action Width ats a a > 10< 35 |os oa = > 35< 75 |o8 06 mm tmm [mm |tmm | mm S <100 | 10 07 <1 jo os |o2 03 >1w0<125 | 13 09 >1e<26 = jos os |o2 03 S15<150 | 15 10 >26<38 joa os 02 jos Sas<51 jos og 03 Os Thickness Ssi10<20 Jos 03 >20<40 © | 06 O4 (41) oan tbl 14 the dition of out fst is >40<60 fos O5 stolons: >60 1.0 07 ‘Hexagons! bar. The difference between the last and the ‘retest dimensions measured across the thee pais of ‘ppesing (parallel flats ata common cross section of the bo. NOTE. By agreement between purchaser and supplier, may be either plus 1.0 mm or minus 1.0 mm. the tolerances may be al plus or all minus, ete gone _pplicatons tolerance for 16 mm section may be either lus .4 mm oe minus 0.4 mm. 27 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 ‘Appendix A ‘Appendices ‘Appendix A. Hardenability curves for through hardening boron steels and case hardening steels, This appendix presonts the hardenabilty data forthe H grades specified in sections three and four n graphical form. This enables a pictorial assessment ofthe hardenabilty characteristics of a particular ste! to be made and also focltates the comparison of one H grade with another. Itis important that these graphs are not used for specification ‘purposes. The values to be used are those specified in table 6 {through hardening boron steels) and table 7 (case hardening steels). They should be selected as recommended in BS 4437. ‘The graphs contained in this appendix are as follows: ‘A1 Hardenabilty curves for through hardening boron steels Ata 170H20 A12 — 170H36 13 170HAT Al& 185440 ‘A2 Hardenabilty curves for case hardening steels A2A1 Boron steels AZA1 T7OHIS AZ12 17346 A213 174H20 A214 17523 28 A22 Alloy steels A221 A222 A223 A224 A225 A226 A227 A228 A229 2210 A22n A2212 A2213 A224 2215 42216 A227 A218 A219 szaHis Sz7HI7 590H17 635H15 S77 655HI3 (665117 ‘665H20 708H20 ‘805H17 ‘805H20 ‘80gH17 815H17 s20H17 eT sa2Hi3 835H15 1991 BS 970: Part a2ueysio 9 au 6 ts est wu ~ pua paysvanb woy 9€ oz (aH) 21225 J nemy20y ssaupseH s9 OZHOLL Iee1s LEW (Aluo souepin6 10}) sjeeys uosoq Burwepsey yBnowyp 40} senuno AyiqeuepseH LY 30 A.12 Steel 170H36 (34H) 2122s J naaya0y sseupsey Distance from quenched end-mm A.13 Stee! 170H41 (54H) aie2s J namys0y ssaupsey BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Appendix A Distance from quenched end- mm 31 BS 970: Part ‘Appendix A 32 21991 A.1.4 Steel 185H40 (38H) 21295 J namyD0y ssaupye} Ft) 35 Distance from quenched end- mm 5 BS 970: Part 1: 1991 ‘Appendix A ww-pua paysuand wous auessia e SZ oz sb (DaH) 21295 2 NamPoY sseupsEH SLHOZL 19815 L 90018 UOl0G LY {Ajuo souepin6 40) sears Buyuepzey ase 40} sonuno AyNqeUOpIEH ZY < 33 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Appendix A A212 Steel 173H16 (Gun) 2129s J namyooy ssaupsey, 20 5 30 Distance from quenched end - mm A213 Steel 174420 (3uH) 21295 J namys0y sseupsey BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Appendix A 25 30 35 Distance from quenched end - mm 20 315 9 20 35 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Appendix A 30 25 Distance from quenched end-mm (38H) 21295 J namys0y ssoupsey, 20) A.2.1.4 Stee! 175H23 BS 970: Part 1: 1991 ‘Appendix A ab uy9 31035 osz ove ost coz ww-pua payauanb wouj @2u04810 00% StL 059 ses oo sta ose sez oz 002 ove oor loos 009 ou ‘008 GLHEZS 1981S L7Z'V years Aoyy 22 W (€ 40 02 AH)SSaUps0H 37 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 ‘Appendix A 2buDy> 81035 lwu-pua pay2uanb wou, 22004519 ose 002 oS} oz osor 006 Zl 0s9 ss 00s sv oz lo0e 2 3 (0€ 10 02 AH)ssoupso}{ 3 000 08 LLHLzs PAIS zzTV A223 Steel 590H17 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 ‘Appendix A THs 20 Distance from quenched end- mm 9 (Gun) 21225 3 namysoy ssoupey BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 ‘Appendix A A224 Steel 635H15 (38H) 81835 ) NeayB0y ssoupsey 20) 30 5 13 15 7 9 153 5 Distance from quenched end-mm A.2.25 Steel 637H17 s (Sux) Beas J namysoy sSeupsey, BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 ‘Appendix A Distance from quenched end -mm 20 4 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 ‘Appendix A 42 A226 Steel 655H13 65 (34H) B1e2s J namyB0y ssaupseH 20 30 35 20 25 Distance from quenched end-mm WT 1S 9 iss 5 ‘A2.2:7 Steel 665H17 65 (Gan) a1e25 J yamyoy sseupseH, BS 970: Part 1: 1991 ‘Appendix A 70 5 73 2 fy Distance from quenched end -mm 153 43 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Appendix A A228 Steel 665H20 44 (GaH) Beas J namypoy ssaupsey 29) 30 35 25 Distance from quenched end- mm A229 Steel 665H23 (D¥H) 21295 2 Neax20y_ ssaupseH BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 ‘Appendix A 00 35 20 25 Distance from quenched end- mm 7 oT 3 15 T 153 29} 45 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 ‘Appendix A 46 22.10 Stee! 708H20 (OuH) a1e2s J namysoy ssaupseH 20) 70 3 Distance from quenched end - mm 15 T 153 5 22.11 Steel 805H17 (38H) Fes J naMyD0y ssoupsEH BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Appendix A 30 75 3 15 0 Distance from quenched end- mm 7 > TF 1s 3 a7 :Part 1: 1991 Appendix A 22.12 Steel 805H20 5 30 20 25 Distance from quenched end-mm 3 15 TOW 3 153 (aH) aes J nampoy ssaupseH 29} 2.2.13 Steel 805H22 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Appendix A po Distance from quenched end-mm g 5 20 153 65 (D¥H) 2122s J namyB0y ssaupseH 49 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Appendix A 50 A22.14 Steel 808H17 65 (GuH) 2ie2s 3 namya0y sseupsey 20) 30 35 70 75 Distance from quenched end-mm 3 15 To WT 5 153 A22.15 Steel 815H17 BS 970: Part 1: 1991 Appendix A 30 25 30 35 70 20 Distance from quenched end - mm Ts 5 9 iss 5 7 S$ R R FS S$ HR RHR (O¥H) 212s J namys0y sseupsey 51 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 Appendix A 52 ‘A22.16 Steel 820H17 (3aH) 122s 7 neay30y ssaupsey 30 35 30 20 Distance from quenched end - mm 3 153 22.17 Stee! 822H17 (GuH) 2ie2s J namypoy sseupsey BS 970: Part 1: 1991 Appendix A Distance from quenched end - mm 53 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 ‘Appendix A 54 A2.2.18 Steel 832H13 (Sun) eas 3 nemtoy ssaupseH 20 2 30 35 7O 35 50 Distance from quenched end - mm Ws 4 $ 15 A.2.2.19 Stool 835H15 (aH) 3}eas J naMyaoy ssaupseH BS 970: Part 1: 1991 Appendix A 30 30 35 Distance from quenched end - mm 55 BS 970 : Part 1: 1991 ‘Appendix B Appendix B Deoxidation of steel (excluding stainless steels) B.1 Carbon steel B.1.1 General. Carbon steel is manufactured in a variety of ways and certain features affect the ingot structure and, ‘lative uniformity of composition. The method of

    You might also like