The Body and the Technology Matching 1859...................Origin of Species "I think therefore I am" ............

.. Descartes Entangled Bank............Last paragraph of Origin of Species Hands are for labor..........Engels Consider the line between humans and animals............Dr. Moreau The monster always escapes, and other monster culture................... Cohen 1818...............................Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Distinction between "work time" and "leisure time"...........................E. P. Thompson 1896...................Island of Dr. Moreau 1920...................R.U.R 1968...................Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep 1995...................Galatea 2.2 Survival of the fittest........Alfred Wallace Mechanical Reproduction.........Walter Benjamin Richard Powers........ Galatea 2.2 Natural selection............Darwinism First to use the term "robot"........Capek I.B.M.'s "question answering" machine..................Watson Early 1800's botanist/zoologist; had evolutionary thoughts before Darwin.....................Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Movement to a mechanical society........... Thomas Carlyle Bladerunner..............directed by Ridley Scott (1982) Survival of the fittest.............Herbert Spencer Aristotle's four causes.....Heidegger Cyborg Theory..........Haraway Singular bodies & species bodies..........Foucalt Labour creates human complexity......Engels Power of touch.........Derrida Nature is perfect........Darwin Ideas are socially produced....Constructionalism The term used to describe what are now Scientists ...... Natural Philosophers Sailing of the HMS Beagle.........1831 - 1836 The Idea of Deep Time.............Sir Charles Lyell Relates to the Pygmalion myth . . . Galatea 2.2 Concept ID "I think, therefore, I am" "I both am a body and have a body." Humanualism and the power of touch (Derrida) Time is money Fear of mastery An original artifact's aura is what defines its value Monstrosity. Is it purely physical? Machines being human-like (Blade Runner) Humans being machine-like (Bartleby) Nature vs. Culture When does a machine stop being a machine? "The simulacrum is never what hides the truth - it is truth that hides the fact that there is none. Why is the secret of life left out of the book, Frankenstein? The importance, or function, of "real" animals in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep. Observation vs. experience

Edward Scissorhands vs. Frankenstein's creature; monstrous vs. human After being initially resistant, why did Philip Dick come to appreciate Blade Runner? How does Victor Frankenstein's ideology come full circle throughout the novel? What is the reason behind why Victor Frankenstein made his creation so large? Empathy in machines Biological needs vs. cultural "needs" We are both an object and a subject. Memories vs. Experience Simulation vs. the real Nature vs. Nurture Virtual knowledge Vs. Knowledge with a physical component Natural Vs. Artificial Technology and mass destruction Capitalism Marx- capitalism goes against human nature Darwin - capitalism is natural

Passage ID "For it is this question of pain that parts us. So long as visible or audible pain turns you sick, so long as your own pains drive you, so long as pain underlies your propositions about sin, so long, I tell you, you are an animal, thinking a little less obscurely what an animal feels. This pain -'" The Island of Doctor Moreau pg 73 "But old Rossum meant that literally. You see, he wanted to somehow scientifically dethrone God. He was a frightful materialist and did everything on that account. For him the question was just to prove that God is unnecessary. So he resolved to create a human being just like us, down to the last hair." R.U.R. pg 7 "There'll be no more laborers, no more secretaries. No one will have to mine coal or slave over someone else's machines. No longer will man need to destroy his soul doing work that he hates." R.U.R. pg 21 "They stopped being machines. You see, they realize their superiority and they hate us. They hate everything human." R.U.R. pg 57 "I knelt on the grass, and kissed the earth, and with quivering lips exclaimed, 'By the sacred earth on which I kneel, by the shades that wander near me, by the deep and eternal grief that I feel, I swear; and by thee, O Night, and the spirits that preside over thee, to pursue the daemon, who caused this misery, until he or I shall perish in mortal conflict. For this purpose I will preserve my life: to execute this dear revenge will I again behold the sun, and tread the green herbage of earth, which otherwise should vanish from my eyes forever. And I call on you, spirits of the dead; and on you, wandering ministers of vengeance, to aed and conduct me in my work. Let the cursed and hellish monster drink deep of agony; let him feel the despair that now torments me.'" Frankenstein pp. 206 "I would prefer not to." Bartleby "It is with considerable difficulty that I remember the original era of my being: all the events of that period appear confused and indistinct. A strange multiplicity of sensations seized me, and I saw, felt, heard and smelt at the same time; and it was, indeed, a long time before I learned to distinguish between the operations of my various senses." Frankenstein p. 105 "On the screen the faint, old, robed figure of Mercer toiled upward, and all at once a rock sailed past him. Watching, Rick thought, My god; there's something worse about my situation than his. Mercer doesn't have to do anything alien to him. He suffers but at least he isn't required to violate his own identity." Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? pp. 178 "There is, though I do not know how there is or why there is, a sense of infinite peace and protection in the glittering hosts of heaven. There it must be, I think, in the vast and eternal laws of matter, and not in the daily cares and sins and troubles of men, that whatever is more than animal within us must find its solace and its hope." The Island of Doctor Moreau pp. 131 "This abundance held together on the slightest of sutures. Taylor's deepness was bleak. he had read all the books. He was fluent in mind's native idiom. He knew that the psychopathology of daily life was a redundancy. He might have been the supreme misanthrope, were in not for his humor and humility. And the source of those two saving graces, the thing stitching that heartbreaking capaciousness into a whole, was memory." pg 144-145

"We can live without seeing, hearing, tasting, and smelling... but we cannot survive one instant without being with contact, and in contact." p.140 On Touching- Derrida "Anyone who ever lived had lived at a moment of equal astonishment." pp. 8 Galatea 2.2 "Given any topic under the sun, our machine would have to fool the questioner, to pass for a human. A perfect, universal simulation of intelligence would, for all purposes, be intelligent." pp. 52 Galatea 2.2 "'You are the ones who can hear airs. Who can be frightened or encouraged. You can hold things and break them and fix them. I never felt at home here. This is an awful place to be dropped down halfway...Take care, Richard. See everything for me.'" pp. 326 Galatea 2.2 It is so long before the mind can persuade itself that she, whom we saw every day, and whose very existence appeared a part of our own, can have departed forever that the brightness of a beloved eye can have been extinguished, and the sound of a voice so familiar and dear to the ear can be hushed, never more to be heard. Frankenstein p. 45 And then I thought that...if they were like us they would understand us and they wouldn't hate us so--if they were only a little bit human! p. 58 R.U.R "Then I look about me at my fellow men. And I go in fear. I see faces keen and bright, others dull and dangerous, others unsteady, insincere; none that have the calm authority of a reasonble soul. I feel as though the animal was surging up through them; that presently the degradation of the Islanders will be played over again on a larger scale." - pp 130 The Island of Doctor Moreau "Go, Adam. Go, Eve-" R.U.R. pg. 84 "yet I had never seen him reading - no, not even a newspaper; that for long periods he would stand looking out, at his pale window behind the screen, upon the dead brick wall..." Bartleby "The labours of men of genius, however erroneously directed, scarcely ever fail in ultimately turning to the solid advantage of mankind." Frankenstein pg.50 "Seek happiness in tranquility and avoid ambition, even if it be only the apparently innocent one of distinguishing yourself in science and discoveries." Frankenstein pg. 220 "When I looked around I saw and heard of none like me. Was I, then, a monster, a blot upon the earth, from which all men fled and whom all men disowned?" Frankenstein pg. 123 "Oh! Be men, or be more than men. Be steady to your purposes and firm as a rock. This ice is not made of such stuff as your hearts may be; it is mutable and cannot withstand you if you say that it shall not. Do not return to your families with the stigma of disgrace marked on your brows. Return as heroes who have fought and conquered and who know not what it is to turn their backs on the foe." Frankenstein pg. 217 "The study of Nature makes a man at last as remorseless as Nature." The Island of Dr. Moreau pg. 75 "It was a great thing to be a human being. It was something tremendous. Suddenly I'm conscious of a million sensations buzzing in me like bees in a hive. Gentlemen, it was a great thing." R.U.R. pg. 68 "Any rendition we might make of consciousness would arise from it, and was thus about as reliable as the accused serving as sole witness for the prosecution." Galatea 2.2 pg. 218 "A product of the human brain has at last escaped from the control of human hands. This is the comedy of science." R.U.R. pg. xiv "I could not persuade myself that the men and women I met were not also another, still passably human, Beast People, animals half-wrought into the outward image of human souls; and that they would presently begin to revert, to show first this bestial mark and then that." - The Island of Doctor Moreau p.130 The electric things have their life too. Paltry as those lives are. Do Androids Dream You will be required to do wrong no matter where you go. It is the basic condition of life, to be required to violate your own identity. Do Androids Dream "When he took a look at human anatomy he saw immediately that it was too complex and that a good engineer could simplify it," R.U.R. - Capek "...I shrink from them, from their curious glances, their inquirise and assistance, and long to be away from them and alone," The Island of Doctor Moreau - H.G. Wells "...my form is a filthy type of your's, more horrid from its very resemblance," Frankenstein - Marry Shelley "Ah, Bartleby! Ah, humanity!" - Bartleby the Scrivener Words alone would not explain to Helen the difference between poem and tree. She could diagram, but could not climb - Galatea 2.2, Powers

Essay Prompts

The body is physical, biological; the self is something more. In what ways was Frankenstein's creature human-like? In what ways was it animal-like? Must knowledge have a physical component? Why is the way that humans are shown to be different from animals and also different from machines somewhat of a contradiction? How is the "Body Problem" directly related to Descartes' "I think therefore, I am" and how is this shown in the novels from class? Describe the manner in which mastery and servitude are related. What is the essence of humans? If humans share parts of computers and vice versa, are they the same? If humans share parts with animals and vice versa, are they the same? If human "nature" is a product of our culture and social acts, are humanoid robotics natural? Can science/technology go too far?

Literature/Films Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1818) Monstrosity and the Monstrous - Georges Canguilhem (1962) Monster Culture - Jeffrey Jerome Cohen Thesis I: The Monster's Body is a Cultural Body Thesis II: The Monster Always Escapes." Thesis III: The Monster is the Harbinger of Category Crisis Thesis IV: The Monster Dwells at the Gates of Difference Thesis V: The Monster Polices the Borders of the Possible Thesis VI: Fear of the Monster is Really a Kind of Desire Thesis VII: The Monster Stands at the Threshold...of Becoming Edward Scissorhands - Tim Burton (1990) On the Part Played by Labor in the Transition from Ape to Man - Frederich Engels On Touching - Jean-Luc Nancy - Jacques Derrida The Island of Dr. Moreau - H.G. Wells (1896) Men, Beasts, and Nature - John Boswell Time, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism - E.P. Thompson Signs of the Times - Thomas Carlyle (1829) Bartleby, The Scrivener - Herman Melville R.U.R. - Karel Capek (1921) The Work of Art in the Age of its Mechanical Reproducitbilty - Walter Benjamin (1935) Do Android Dream of Electric Sheep? - Philip K. Dick (1968) The Precession of Simulacra - Jean Baudrillard

A Cyborg Manifesto - Donna K. Haraway Galatea 2.2 - Richard Powers (1995) The Question Concerning Technology - Martin Heidegger