LAND FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT

The present pattern of land use in human settlements is merely the result of present and past growth trends. All planned cities share some common features as well as differ from each other in different respects due to their unique mixture of previously fixed development, present pressures and plans for the future. The concentration of population in few large urban centres increased the urban population of the country. The main cause is the centralization of functions of the city i.e. residence, recreation, industry, and commerce were carried out in centre. The separation of functions of the cities reduced the population density of centre but increased suburbanization. The population of suburban areas was increased highly as it is around the centre urban city. The planning for the efficient use of land includes the allocation of land for residential, transportation and green space. In developing countries allocation of land for residential purpose is generally much lower than industrial countries. It should be noted that the factor responsible for the lower allocation per person in the developing countries is the larger family size, based on five persons per family instead of three, as in the industrialized countries. Green space is needed near the house and the neighborhood to estimate open space in residential land use. Further, land is allocated for playgrounds, urban parks and sports grounds, which are essential in the estimation of land needs for urban development. Land must also be allocated to meet regional and national need such as need of the national park. The allocation of land for transportation seems relatively higher in developed countries than that of developing countries. The basic transportation problem in urban cities in developing countries is due to concentration of employment in the urban centre and the dispersion of housing in the urban region. The inadequate development of transportation system is a common characteristic of almost all urban centers of the world. The land required for industry is substantially less than for residential, green space and transportation. The land required for industry varies from type of industry. There is noticeable change in industrial location patterns, especially for those industries that are more market oriented. The land requirements for the service vary greatly, depending upon the location and means of transportation used by employees and customers. The space required for services concentrated on the central business districts is quite small since the service depends upon public transport in contrast to the services in outlying areas , where people are more dependent on private transportation have parking space allocation that inflate the total surface required.