Project

Subject

Document No.

REV

Section Sheet No.

ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL 4 x 125 MW TPP & BASE RAFT OF RW AT KOSTI - SUDAN PUMP HOUSE RESERVOIR

PE -DC-250-654-C001

Ref. Drg PE-DG-250-172-N104, Rev. (2)

FGL

P2

WT

P1

P3
P4 P5

Input values: (Dimensions are marked in the above figure): A= B= Unit weight of soil () = Unit weight of water (w) = Submerged unit weight of soil (sub) = Co-efficient of active earh pressure (Ka) = Surcharge at the top of the soil (q) = Load case - 1: Earth pressure from outside and no water inside: Lateral pressure due to surcharge (p1) = Ko*q = Lateral pressure (p2) = Lateral pressure (p3) = Lateral pressure (p4) = Lateral pressure (p5) = 0.33*20000 = 0.33*18500*3 = 0.33*18500*3 = 0.33*8500*1.5 = 10000*1.5 =

3.00 m 1.50 m
3 18500.00 N/m 3 10000.00 N/m 3 8500.00 N/m

0.33
2 20000.00 N/m

2 6600.00 N/m 2 18315.00 N/m 2 18315.00 N/m 2 4207.50 N/m 2 15000.00 N/m

Lateral thrust (P1) = Lateral thrust (P2) = Lateral thrust (P3) = Lateral thrust (P4) = Lateral thrust (P5) = Total thrust (P) = (P1+P2+P3+P4+P5) =
=

6600*(3+1.5)/1000 = 0.5*18315*3/1000 = 18315*1.5/1000 = 0.5*4207.5*1.5/1000 = 0.5*15000*1.5/1000 = 29.7+27.4725+27.47+3.16+11.25 =

29.70 27.47 27.47 3.16 11.25

KN KN KN KN KN

99 KN 29.7*(3+1.5)/2+27.4725*(1.5+3/3)+27.47*1.5/2+3.16*1.5/3 +11.25*1.5/3 = 163.31/99.05 = 163 KN-m 1.649 m

Total BM due to lateral thrust =

Distance marked as (y) =

Load case - 2: Full water pressure from inside; no back filling on outside.

H P6

Height of water inside (H) = Unit weight of water (w) = Lateral pressure (p6) = Lateral thrust (P6) = BM due to lateral thrust = 10000*5.8 = 0.5*58000*5.8/1000 = 168.2*5.8/3 =

5.80 m 3 10000.00 N/m 58000.00 N/m2 168 KN 325 KN-m

WALL DESIGN
Concrete Grade = M25 Steel Grade = Fe 415 st = 190 N/mm2 m = 10.98

cbc = 8.5 N/mm2

For uncracked section, According to IS 3370 - Part - II Permissible Bending Stress in concrete ( ct ) = Direct Tensile stress in concrete ( t ) = Direct Tensile stress in steel = Bending tensile stress in steel ( Liquid face ) = Bending tensile stress in steel ( D < 225 mm ) = Bending tensile stress in steel ( D > 225 mm ) = Tensile stress in shear reinforcement ( D < 225 mm ) = Tensile stress in shear reinforcement ( D > 225 mm ) = Calculation of wall depth : Min Depth Reqd Laod Case Case -1 Case -2 Bending Moment KN-m/m 163 325 D=[( 6 x M)/(b x ct)] mm 738 1041 Clear cover = 50 mm 1338 mm
0.5 2 1.8 N/mm 2 1.3 N/mm 2 150 N/mm 2 150 N/mm 2 150 N/mm 2 190 N/mm 2 150 N/mm 2 175 N/mm

Depth provided D mm 1400

Bar diameter = 25 mm Effective Clear cover d' = 63 mm Efective depth d = 1400 - 50 - 0.5 x 25 = Calculation of Reinforcement : Bending Moment KN-m/m 163 325 Reinforcement Ast=[ M/(st . j . d)] mm2 914 mm2

Laod Case Case -1 Case -2

Ast provided mm2

2450

p %
0.18

1821

Note : Same reinforcement at both faces, as tension may occur at both faces depending on the load case.

d'

(m-1)*Asc Asc d D

Ast (m-1)*Ast

Area of compression reinforcement (Asc) = Area of tension reinforcement (Ast) = For M 25 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel, Value of modular ratio (m) = (m-1)*Asc = (m-1)*Ast = Distance of neutral axis from the bottom fibre (C1) Moment of inertia (Ixx) = Section modulus (Zxt) = Equivalent area A =

2450 mm2 2450 mm2 10.98 24451 mm2 24451 mm2 700.0 mm 2.48541E+11 mm4 355058207.3 mm3 1404900 mm2

Check for stresses in steel (as per IS: 3370 (Part II) - 1965): K2 - 2mp*(1-K) =0 Percentage of steel provided p = Solving the above equation, K = Tensile stress in steel due to bending 325*10^6/ (st) = Mxx/(Ast*(1-K/3)*d) = (2450*(1-0.18/3)*1337.5) = Permissible tensile stress in steel due to bending (as per table-2, IS: 3370 (Part II)) = Provide 25 mm dia. Bar @ 200 mm c/c at each face. Check for combined Tension & Bending in concrete : Moment ( M )= 325 KN-m/m 0.92 Tension ( T )= Tensile stress t' = T / A = 84 KN 0.06 0.18 0.1800 105.57 N/mm2 150.00 N/mm2

Bending stress, ct' = M/Z = t'/t + ct'/ct =

0.98 < 1 ( OK )

Check for an intermediate section (at a depth of 2.25 m from FGL)

FGL

P2

WT P1

P3 P4 P5

Input values: (Dimensions are marked in the above figure): A= B= Unit weight of soil () = Unit weight of water (w) = Submerged unit weight of soil (sub) = Co-efficient of active earh pressure (Ka) = Surcharge at the top of the soil (q) = Load case - 1: Earth pressure from outside and no water inside: Lateral pressure due to surcharge (p1) = Ko*q = Lateral pressure (p2) = Lateral pressure (p3) = Lateral pressure (p4) = Lateral pressure (p5) = Lateral thrust (P1) = Lateral thrust (P2) = Lateral thrust (P3) = Lateral thrust (P4) = Lateral thrust (P5) = 0.33*20000 = 0.33*18500*2.25 = ------------------------6600*(2.25+0)/1000 = 0.5*13736.25*2.25/1000 = ----------------------------------

2.25 m 0.00 m
3 18500.00 N/m 3 10000.00 N/m 3 8500.00 N/m

0.33
2 20000.00 N/m

2 6600.00 N/m 2 13736.25 N/m

0.00 0.00 0.00 14.85 15.45 0.00 0.00 0.00

N/m2 N/m2 N/m2 KN KN KN KN KN

Total thrust (P) = (P1+P2+P3+P4+P5) =

=

14.85+15.45328125+0+0+0 = 30 KN 14.85*(2.25+0)/2+15.45328125*(0+2.25/3)+0*0/2+0*0/3+ 0*0/3 = 28 KN-m 28.3/30.3 = 0.934 m

Total BM due to lateral thrust = Distance marked as (y) =

Load case - 2: Full water pressure from inside; no back filling on outside.

P6

Height of water inside (H) = Unit weight of water (w) = Lateral pressure (p6) = Lateral thrust (P6) = BM due to lateral thrust = 10000*3.55 = 0.5*35500*3.55/1000 = 63.0125*3.55/3 =

3.55 m 3 10000.00 N/m 35500.00 N/m2 63 KN 75 KN-m

WALL DESIGN
Concrete Grade = M25 Steel Grade = Fe 415 st = 190 N/mm2 m = 10.98

cbc = 8.5 N/mm2

For uncracked section, According to IS 3370 - Part - II Permissible Bending Stress in concrete ( ct ) = Direct Tensile stress in concrete ( t ) = Direct Tensile stress in steel = Bending tensile stress in steel ( Liquid face ) = Bending tensile stress in steel ( D < 225 mm ) = Bending tensile stress in steel ( D > 225 mm ) = Tensile stress in shear reinforcement ( D < 225 mm ) = Tensile stress in shear reinforcement ( D > 225 mm ) = Calculation of wall depth : Min Depth Reqd Laod Case Case -1 Case -2 Bending Moment KN-m/m 28 75 D=[( 6 x M)/(b x ct)] mm 307 499 Clear cover = 50 mm 790 mm
0.5 2 1.8 N/mm 2 1.3 N/mm 2 150 N/mm 2 150 N/mm 2 150 N/mm 2 190 N/mm 2 150 N/mm 2 175 N/mm

Depth provided D mm 850

Bar diameter = 20 mm Effective Clear cover d' = 60 mm Efective depth d = 850 - 50 - 0.5 x 20 = Calculation of Reinforcement : Bending Moment KN-m/m 28 75 Reinforcement Ast=[ M/(st . j . d)] mm2 268 mm2

Laod Case Case -1 Case -2

Ast provided mm2

1256

p %
0.15

707

Note : Same reinforcement at both faces, as tension may occur at both faces depending on the load case.

d'

(m-1)*Asc Asc d D

Ast (m-1)*Ast

Area of compression reinforcement (Asc) = Area of tension reinforcement (Ast) = For M 25 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel, Value of modular ratio (m) = (m-1)*Asc = (m-1)*Ast = Distance of neutral axis from the bottom fibre (C1) Moment of inertia (Ixx) = Section modulus (Zxt) = Equivalent area A =

1256 mm2 1256 mm2 10.98 12535 mm2 12535 mm2 425.0 mm 54517002109 mm4 128275299.1 mm3 852512 mm2

Check for stresses in steel (as per IS: 3370 (Part II) - 1965): K2 - 2mp*(1-K) =0 Percentage of steel provided p = Solving the above equation, K = Tensile stress in steel due to bending (st) = Mxx/(Ast*(1-K/3)*d) = 75*10^6/ (1256*(1-0.166/3)*790) = 0.15 0.1660 79.55 N/mm2 150.00 N/mm2

Permissible tensile stress in steel due to bending (as per table-2, IS: 3370 (Part II)) = Provide 20 mm dia. Bar @ 200 mm c/c at each face. Check for combined Tension & Bending in concrete : Moment ( M )= 75 KN-m/m 0.58 Tension ( T )= Tensile stress t' = T / A =

32 KN 0.04

Bending stress, ct' = M/Z = t'/t + ct'/ct =

0.62 < 1 ( OK ) Check for section abovc FGL)

Load case - 1: Full water pressure from inside; no back filling on outside.

H
P6

Height of water inside (H) = Unit weight of water (w) = Lateral pressure (p6) = Lateral thrust (P6) = BM due to lateral thrust = 10000*1.3 = 0.5*13000*1.3/1000 = 8.45*1.3/3 =

1.30 m 3 10000.00 N/m 13000.00 N/m2 8 KN 4 KN-m

WALL DESIGN
Concrete Grade = M25 Steel Grade = Fe 415 st = 190 N/mm2 m = 10.98

cbc = 8.5 N/mm2

For uncracked section, According to IS 3370 - Part - II Permissible Bending Stress in concrete ( ct ) = Direct Tensile stress in concrete ( t ) = Direct Tensile stress in steel = Bending tensile stress in steel ( Liquid face ) = Bending tensile stress in steel ( D < 225 mm ) = Bending tensile stress in steel ( D > 225 mm ) = Tensile stress in shear reinforcement ( D < 225 mm ) = Tensile stress in shear reinforcement ( D > 225 mm ) =
2 1.8 N/mm 2 1.3 N/mm 2 150 N/mm 2 150 N/mm 2 150 N/mm 2 190 N/mm 2 150 N/mm 2 175 N/mm

Calculation of wall depth :

Min Depth Reqd Laod Case Case -1 Bending Moment KN-m/m 4 D=[( 6 x M)/(b x ct)]0.5 mm 110 Clear cover = 50 mm 240 mm

Depth provided D mm 300

Bar diameter = 20 mm Effective Clear cover d' = 60 mm Efective depth d = 300 - 50 - 0.5 x 20 = Calculation of Reinforcement : Bending Moment KN-m/m 4 Reinforcement Ast=[ M/(st . j . d)] mm2 114 mm2

Laod Case Case -1

Ast provided mm2

804

p %
0.27

Note : Same reinforcement at both faces, as tension may occur at both faces depending on the load case.
b

d'
(m-1)*Asc Asc d

Ast (m-1)*Ast

Area of compression reinforcement (Asc) = Area of tension reinforcement (Ast) = For M 25 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel, Value of modular ratio (m) = (m-1)*Asc = (m-1)*Ast = Distance of neutral axis from the bottom fibre (C1) Moment of inertia (Ixx) = Section modulus (Zxt) =

804 mm2 804 mm2 10.98 8024 mm2 8024 mm2 150.0 mm 2379987504 mm4 15866583.36 mm3

10

Equivalent area A =

301608 mm2

Check for stresses in steel (as per IS: 3370 (Part II) - 1965): K2 - 2mp*(1-K) =0 Percentage of steel provided p = Solving the above equation, K = Tensile stress in steel due to bending (st) = Mxx/(Ast*(1-K/3)*d) = Permissible tensile stress in steel due to bending (as per table-2, IS: 3370 (Part II)) = Provide 16 mm dia. Bar @ 250 mm c/c at each face. Check for combined Tension & Bending in concrete : Moment ( M )= Bending stress, ct' = M/Z = t'/t + ct'/ct = 4 KN-m/m 0.23 Tension ( T )= Tensile stress t' = T / A = 4 KN 0.01 0.27 0.9700 4*10^6/ (804*(1-0.97/3)*240) = 28.04 N/mm2 150.00 N/mm2

0.24 < 1 ( OK )

DESIGN OF BASE RAFT :

D

11

L K FGL
6 H WT 13

10 11
9

12 G 14
8 E 15 2 3 4

1
B

Y
C

Input values: (Dimensions are marked in the following figure) A = 1.500 m B = 1.400 m C = 1.500 m D = 0.300 m E = 0.400 m F = 0.400 m G = 1.500 m H = 3.000 m J = 0.733 m K = 0.367 m L = 1.900 m Unit weight of soil (g) = Unit weight of concrete = Unit weight of water (gw) = Submerged unit wt. of soil (gsub) = Submerged unit wt. of concrete =

18500 N/m3 25000 N/m3 10000 N/m3 8500 N/m3 15000 N/m3

Check for over turning: Overturning moment:

12

Total horizontal thrust on the vertical portion of the retaining wall = Distance marked as (y) = Moment due the horizontal thrust = 168*(1.93+0.4+0.4) =

168.00 KN 1.93 m 458.64 N-m

Stabilizing moment: Self weight of concrete portion (1) = Moment due to concrete portion (1) about point (x) = Self weight of concrete portion (2) = Moment due to concrete portion (2) about point (x) = Self weight of concrete portion (3) = Moment due to concrete portion (3) about point (x) = Self weight of concrete portion (4) = Moment due to concrete portion (4) about point (x) = Self weight of concrete portion (5) = Moment due to concrete portion (5) about point (x) = Self weight of concrete portion (6) = Moment due to concrete portion (6) about point (x) = Self weight of concrete portion (7) = Moment due to concrete portion (7) about point (x) = Self weight of concrete portion (8) = Moment due to concrete portion (8) about point (x) = Self weight of concrete portion (9) = Moment due to concrete portion (9) about point (x) = Self weight of soil portion (10) = Moment due to soil portion (10) about point (x) = Self weight of soil portion (11) = Moment due to soil portion (11) about point (x) = Self weight of soil portion (12) = Moment due to soil portion (12) about point (x) = Self weight of soil portion (13) = Moment due to soil portion (13) about point (x) = Self weight of soil portion (14) = Moment due to soil portion (14) about point (x) = Self weight of soil portion (15) = Moment due to soil portion (15) about point (x) = Total stabilizing moment = Factor of Safety = (763019.5/1000)/458.64 =

26400.00 58080.00 4500.00 15300.00 8400.00 18480.00 4500.00 4500.00 6750.00 11137.50 36750.00 60637.50 16492.50 35731.00 4128.75 10963.21 27487.50 56193.61 20368.50 55331.03 20340.75 46553.20 2339.63 6498.70 83250.00 303862.50 19125.00 69806.25 2550.00 9945.00 763019.50 1.66

N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N-m

> 1.5 (DBR - page 34) - Hence OK. Check for Bearing Pressure: Total horizontal thrust on the vertical portion of the retaining wall =

99050.63 N

13

Distance marked as (y) = Moment due the horizontal thrust = Self weight of concrete portion (1) = Moment due to concrete portion (1) about point (y) = Self weight of concrete portion (2) = Moment due to concrete portion (2) about point (y) = Self weight of concrete portion (3) = Moment due to concrete portion (3) about point (y) = Self weight of concrete portion (4) = Moment due to concrete portion (4) about point (y) = Self weight of concrete portion (5) = Moment due to concrete portion (5) about point (y) = Self weight of concrete portion (6) = Moment due to concrete portion (6) about point (y) = Self weight of concrete portion (7) = Moment due to concrete portion (7) about point (y) = Self weight of concrete portion (8) = Moment due to concrete portion (8) about point (y) = Self weight of concrete portion (9) = Moment due to concrete portion (9) about point (y) = Self weight of soil portion (10) = Moment due to soil portion (10) about point (y) = Self weight of soil portion (11) = Moment due to soil portion (11) about point (y) = Self weight of soil portion (12) = Moment due to soil portion (12) about point (y) = Self weight of soil portion (13) = Moment due to soil portion (13) about point (y) = Self weight of soil portion (14) = Moment due to soil portion (14) about point (y) = Self weight of soil portion (15) = Moment due to soil portion (15) about point (y) = Total moment about point y (M) = Total vertical load (P) = Therefore, Eccentricity (e) = Eccentricity (e) < B/6 Therefore, Maximum Base Pressure (q max) = P/A ( 1 + 6e /B ) =

1.65 270408.21 26400.00 0.00 4500.00 5400.00 8400.00 0.00 4500.00 -5400.00 6750.00 -3712.50 36750.00 -20212.50 16492.50 -552.50 4128.75 1879.96 44896.25 -4278.89 20368.50 10520.33 20340.75 1803.55 2339.63 1351.52 83250.00 120712.50 19125.00 27731.25 2550.00 4335.00 130830.48 300791.38 0.43

m N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N N-m N-m N m

108908.31 N/m2 108.91 KN/m2 < Net SBC of the soil (300 KN/m2) Hence OK

Design of Bottom Slab Maximum Base Pressure (qmax) = 108908.31 N/m2

14

Maximum Overhang of pad (L) = Maximum Cantilever moment = qmax*L /2

2

1.50 m 108908.31*1.5^2/2 = 122521.85 N-m

d' (m-1)*Asc Asc d D

Ast (m-1)*Ast

Total depth (D) = Assuming, clear cover = Bar diameter = Effective depth (d) = d' = Width (b) = External moment (M) = 122.52*10^6/(1000*740^2) = M/bd = Percentage of compression reinforcement (Pc) = Percentage of tension reinforcement (Pt) = Location of the neutral axis: Area of compression reinforcement (Asc) = Area of tension reinforcement (Ast) = (from table 70 of SP - 16)
2

800.00 mm 50.00 mm 20.00 mm 800-50-20/2 = 50+20/2 = 740.00 mm 60.00 mm 1000.00 mm 122.52 KN-m 0.22 N/mm2 0.06 % 0.20 %

0.06/100*1000*740= 0.2/100*1000*740=

444.00 mm2 1480.00 mm2 888.00 mm2 10.98 4431.12 mm2 14770.40 mm2

Minimum reinforcement (Ast min.) = 0.12/100*b*d = For M 25 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel, Value of modular ratio (m) = (m-1)*Asc = (m-1)*Ast =

(10.98-1)*444= (10.98-1)*1480=

15

Distance of neutral axis from the bottom fibre (C1) =

(1000*800*800/2+4431.12*(80060)+14770.4*(800-740)) /(1000*800+4431.12+14770.4) =

395.71 mm

Check for Stresses in Concrete (as per IS: 3370 (Part II) - 1965): Moment of inertia (Ixx) = Section modulus (Zxt) = 44871277296.57/395.71 = 4.49E+10 mm4 1.13E+08 mm3 1.08 N/mm2 1.80 N/mm2 Hence OK

Tensile stress in concrete due to bending 122.52*10^6/113394690.67 = (Mxx/Zxt) = Permissible tensile stress in concrete due to bending (as per table-1, IS: 3370 (Part II)) = Check for stresses in steel (as per IS: 3370 (Part II) - 1965): K2 - 2mp*(1-K) =0 Solving the above equation, K = Tensile stress in steel due to bending (st) = Mxx/(Ast*(1-K/3)*d) = Permissible tensile stress in steel due to bending (as per table-2, IS: 3370 (Part II)) = Using 25 mm dia. bar, spacing required (Sreqd) at bottom = 122.52*10^6/(1480*(10.187/3) *740) =

0.1870 119.31 N/mm2 150.00 N/mm2 Hence OK 3.14/4*20^2*1000/1480 = 212.16 mm c/c

Provide 20 mm dia. Bar @ 200 mm c/c at bottom. Using 20mm dia. bar, spacing required (Sreqd) at top = (Half of 0.12% is minimum requirement)

3.14/4*16^2*1000/444 =

452.61 mm c/c

Provide 16 mm dia. Bar @ 250mm c/c at top.

16

Check for top reinforcement: Cantilever moment due to wt. of soil (M), which will be active for resisting over turning = 1.5*1.5*18500*1.5/2+0.5* 1.5*0.4*18500*2/3*1.5+1. 5*3*18500*1.5/2 = 99206.25*1000/(230*(10.2886/3)* 740) =

99206.25 N-m

Therefore, Ast reqd = M/(st*(1-k/3)*d) =

644.92 mm2

< Astprovided at top - Hence safe. Design of base slab (between the retaining walls) : Depth of raft = Unit wt. of RCC = Unit wt. of water = Total water pressure devoloped at the bottom of (1.5+0.55)*10 = base slab = Percentage of pressure, which is released by pressure release valves = Actual upward water pressure acting at the bottom of the base slab = Balancing downward pressure due to self weight of concrete and sand fill = Factor of safety = Note: The upward hydrostatic pressure due to subsoil water is balanced by self wt. of concrete. Both the loadings are UDL in nature. Hence, there is no calculated Bending Moment and check for uncracked section need not be carried out for the RCC slabs. 20.5-50/100*20.5 = 0.55*25 = 0.55 m 25 KN/m3 10 KN/m3 20.5 KN/m2 50 % 10.25 KN/m2 13.75 KN/m2

13.75/10.25 =

1.34 Hence OK

17