Medical Terminology 2.

0: Blood, Lymphatic and Immune System: Lesson 3: Diagnostic Procedures and Therapeutic Interventions Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn medical terms related to diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions used to treat diseases of the blood, lymphatic, and immune systems. Common terminology associated with laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging will be introduced. Terminology used to describe bone marrow transplants and surgical interventions will be presented.

Learning Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to: Identify the word parts used to describe diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions related to the blood, lymphatic, and immune systems. Define terms used to describe diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions related to blood, lymphatic, and immune systems. Pronounce and spell the terms used to describe diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions related to blood, lymphatic, and immune systems. Recognize and use the word parts and terms used to describe diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions related to the blood, lymphatic, and immune systems.

ReviewSuffix, Prefix, and Combining Forms -opsy view of -fusion to pour Lymphaden/o lymph gland (node) -graphy process of recording Lymphangi/o lymph vessel Bi/o life -ectomy removalm excision, resection -ic pertaining to Homo same Spleen/o spleen Trans- - across, through Arteri/o artery -pheresis removal Leuk/o white Plasm/o plasma Suto- - self Log/o study -ous pertaining to Hemat/o, he/o blood -crit separate -globin, -globulin protein Thromb/o clot, thrombosis

Pro- - before, forward -in substance Plas/o development, formation, growth Erythr/o red -gen producing, forming -cyte cell Lymph/o lymph -oid resembling Anti- - against Immun/o immunity, protection Case Study
Ten-year-old Keith was brought to the emergency department by his parents because they were unable to stop the bleeding from a minor cut on Keith's hand. Dr. Brushart performs a physical examination and notes what appears to be an old bruise on Keith's leg. Otherwise, his physical examination reveals no signs of disease. His parents tell Dr. Brushart that Keith has had trouble in the past with bleeding but never as serious as this situation. His mom does mention that he needs special attention at the dentist because he bleeds a lot after every dental procedure. Dr. Brushart tells Keith's parents that he will suture the laceration on Keith's hand. In addition, he would like their permission to run some laboratory tests to determine why Keith has a delayed clotting time for his blood. Keith's parents are worried and agree to Dr. Bushart's request.

Laboratory Tests
Laboratory testing of blood and lymph fluids is essential to diagnosis of diseases affecting the system.

blood cultures: Blood samples are submitted to propagate microorganisms that may be present. Cultures may be indicated for bacteremia or septicemia, or to discover other pathogens (fungi, viruses, or parasites). complete blood count: Test to determine the number of red and white blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood. Used for screening and diagnostic purposes. red blood cell count (RBC): Number of erythrocytes in the blood. white blood cell count (WBC): Number of leukocytes in the blood. hemoglobin: The red protein-iron compound in the blood that is formed by developing erythrocytes in bone marrow and carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs. hematocrit:

1. A measure of the packed cell volume of red cells, expressed in mL per dL of whole blood or as a percentage of the total blood volume. diff count: Measure of the numbers of the different types of white blood cells. Biopsy
A bone marrow biopsy (bi/o=life, -opsy=view of) is the removal of soft tissue from inside bone. This test is done when abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are detected in the blood. It is also used to diagnose diseases of the bone marrow or blood. A lymphatic (lymph/o=lymph, -ic=pertaining to) structure biopsy involves removal of the lymph nodes or lymphoid (-oid=resembling) tissue to be examined for disease.

Diagnostic Imaging Procedures

Several imaging procedures are used to diagnose lymphatic disorders including: Lymphangiography (lymphangi/o=lymph vessel, -graphy=process of recording) is a radiographic recording of lymphatic vessels after injection with a photo-opaque substance. Lymphadenography, or lymphography (lymphaden/o=lymph gland (nodes)) is a radiographic recording of the lymph gland (nodes ) after injection of a photo-opaque substance. Splenic arteriography (splen/o=spleen, arteri/o=artery) is a radiographic recording of the spleen using a contrast medium.

Blood and Bone Marrow Therapeutic Interventions

After diagnosis of a blood or lymphatic disease, the patient will frequently receive therapeutic interventions based on the specific disorders. These interventions may include: Blood transfusion (trans-=through, -fusion=to pour): An intravenous transfer of blood from a donor to a recipient, using either whole blood or its components Apheresis (a-=no, not, without, -pheresis=removal), which is the temporary removal of blood from a donor for the removal of one or more components after which the rest of the blood is reinfused into the donor Leukapheresis (leuk/o=white), the removal of WBCs Plasmapheresis (plasm/o=plasma), the removal of plasma Plateletpheresis, the removal of thrombocytes

These interventions require that blood be typed and crossmatched to ensure that no adverse antigen-antibody (anti-=against, -gen=producing) reaction occurs. Click the More Information tab to learn about blood transfusions and bone marrow transplants

Blood, Lymphatic and Immune System: Lesson 3: Diagnostic Procedures and Therapeutic Interventions

Blood Transfusions and Bone Marrow Transplants

autotransfusion: Process in which the donor is transfused with his or her own blood, after anticoagulation and filtration, from an active bleeding site in cases or major surgery or trauma. autologous transfusion: Process in which the donor's own blood is removed and stored in anticipation of a future need. autologous bone marrow transplant: Harvesting of patient's own healthy bone marrow before treatment, for reintroduction later. homologous bone marrow transplant: Transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a donor to a patient to stimulate formed blood cells. Surgical Interventions
Interventions for lymphatic and immune system disorders include organ or tissue removal. Biopsy (bi/o=life, -opsy=view of) is the removal of either lymph nodes or lymphoid tissue to be examined for traces of disease. Adenoidectomy (-ectomy=removal) is the removal of the adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils). Lymphadenectomy (lymphaden/o=lymph gland (node)) is the removal of a lymph gland (node). Splenectomy (splen/o=spleen) is the removal of the spleen.

Case Study
Dr. Brushart receives the results of Keith's laboratory tests. He sees that Keith's partial thromboplastin time is elevated, which makes him consider a clotting factor deficiency. He also notes that Keith has a prolonged prothrombin time, the time required for blood to clot. Dr. Brushart tells Keith's parents the results of the blood test. He explains to them that he believes that Keith may have an inherited form of hemophilia. His parents are alarmed; however, Dr. Brushart tells them that if his diagnosis is correct, Keith can be treated by simply replacing the missing clotting factor at regular intervals. He refers Keith to a hematologist for further testing and a definitive diagnosis. Summary This lesson presented the medical terms used to describe the diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions for the blood, lymphatic, and immune systems. Terms used to describe the laboratory tests, specialized blood tests, allergy tests, and imaging procedures were introduced. Medical terminology used to describe blood and bone marrow transfusions, as well as surgical interventions, were explained and defined. Click the Take Test button to begin the test.