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I N T R O D U C T I O N
e are in the midst of exciting and challenging times. To increase energy security and avert the worst possible consequences of a warming globe, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) believes the United States must redirect our resources toward cleaner and energy-efficient technologies to reduce emissions by 80 percent by 2050. To get there we must put in place a system that will cap global warming pollution by unleashing innovation in the private sector across the country.
Americas freight and passenger railroads offer a compelling and effective way to help us meet our energy and climate goals. Building a modern and efficient rail infrastructure will reduce highway congestion, generate needed jobs, combat global warming, retain and increase freight and passenger rail capacity, and strengthen the foundation of a new, clean energy economy. Now is the time to make smart investments in low-carbon rail infrastructure. In large part due to the steadily rising number of miles being driven on Americas roads and highways, the transportation sector has been the second largest, fastest growing contributor to global warming pollution in the United States during the past two decades. But we can reduce congestion and pollution if we move more freight to rail, since one freight train can carry the load of 280 trucks. Since the U.S. Department of Transportation predicts that demand for freight transportation will increase over 90% by 2035, we must take steps today to ensure that freight rail infrastructure is in place to handle this increased freight load. Rail is also more energy efficient. In 2007, railroads moved a ton of freight an average of 436 miles per gallon of fuel, which is three times as far as that freight could be moved by truck, giving rail a much smaller carbon footprint. If we decided to shift just 10 percent of long-haul truck traffic to rail, the cumulative greenhouse gas savings would be 12 million tons per year. This would result in a national fuel savings of over 1 billion gallons of fuel a year. Investments in greater rail capacity will prove essential to lowering the carbon intensity of the U.S. transportation sector. Thats why I look forward to working with CSX and the rail industry to make these the best of times by rapidly enacting policies that cap carbon emissions and boost investment in our nations rail system. Sincerely,
Vol. 1 No.1
Bringing it Home
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Ordinary products travel an extraordinary distance to find their way to our homes. Find out how railroads are making this trip cleaner than ever.
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10 Whats a Freight Train?
Though railroads have long been a fixture in American commerce, todays railroads rely on cutting-edge technology to deliver superior efficiency and reliability.
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How Tomorrow Moves is published exclusively for CSX by: Onward Publishing, Inc. In partnership with National Geographic For more information about CSXs environmental initiatives please call 1-877-TellCSX (1-877-835-5279). 6 Bayview Avenue, Northport, NY 11768 Phone: 631.757.8300 2009 CSX All rights reserved
Publisher Jeffrey Barasch Editorial Director Wendy Murphy Art Director Bruce McGowin Writer Don Heymann
FPO
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Bringingit
ome
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Just how do all those products find their way to our homes?
hat do computers, refrigerators, TVs, tomatoes, clothing, shoes, toys, automobiles and the boards that frame your house have in common? Chances are, freight railroads played a major role in moving these varied products, and many others, to your front door.
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As the most environmentally friendly mode of ground-based transportation, railroads are an important part of the solution to a growing challenge facing our nation. The U.S. Department of Transportation estimates that freight transportation demand will rise over 90 percent by 2035 that means more pressures on greenhouse gas emissions and traffic. While there is no perfect solution, rail offers the opportunity to increase freight tonnage while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and highway congestion. Thats largely due to a commitment by CSX and the industry to continuous improvement and the inherent efficiency of rail. Since 1980, railroads have improved locomotive fuel efficiency by more than 80 percent through advances in technology and operations.
On their own, railroads excel at shipping everything from automobiles to grain but through the use of intermodal transport as well as TRANSFLO services, freight is easily moved between railroads and trucks allowing for the most efficient and flexible movement of goods. TRANSFLO, a CSX subsidiary specializing in safely transferring products such as ethanol, plastics and specialty chemicals from railcar to truck, allows for essential materials to be moved long distances by freight railroads, enhancing safety and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. Intermodal transportation is a complex system of freight movement in large containers by rail, ship, and truck. The only things that get moved among these modes of transportation are the containers themselves the cargo inside is secured at origin and not touched until
final delivery of the container. This not only reduces material handling, but it also improves security, cuts damage and loss, and transports goods faster at lower cost. In addition to all of these benefits, the portability provides energy savings and significant reductions in carbon emissions. Freight railroads efficiently handle the long-distance ground travel portion of the route, quickly transferring containers to and from ships and trucks at intermodal terminals. The result is an unbeatable combination of efficiency and flexibility. One train can transport a ton of goods more than 436 miles on a single gallon of fuel. And one train can carry the load of 280 trucks. That makes freight trains the most efficient component of the intermodal system, approximately three times more fuel efficient than
Its true If 1% of freight currently moved by truck each year were moved by rail
instead, we would save 110 million gallons of fuel and reduce greenhouse gases by 1.2 million tons.
long-haul trucks. In addition to fuel and emissions savings, moving freight by rail reduces interstate highway traffic and wear and tear on the roads, thereby reducing highway maintenance costs. CSX is a global industry leader in fuel efficiency and many other aspects of freight transportation services. The company on average operates 1,300 trains and transports approximately 19,000 loads of goods per day over 21,000 route miles in 23 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and two Canadian provinces.
Boston, MA
A renewed commitment
So just how is it that railroads, one of the oldest modes of transport for moving goods still in use, became the model of operational and fuel efficiency that they are today? It started with a renewed commitment to continuous improvement. Though trains have served as the workhorses of American industry since the 19th century, by the middle of the 20th century, due to a number of changing circumstances, the continued on page 8
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Its true A single CSX train can carry the load of more than 280 trucks
industry had given up much of its leadership, allowing equipment and infrastructure to become outdated. At the same time, the popularity of cars and trucks had started to change the landscape of the nation. Trucks could move freight inexpensively over wellmaintained, newly constructed public highways. As the trucking industry grew, railroads, which bore the expense of maintaining their own infrastructure, struggled to compete. Adding to these difficulties was a complex and outdated system of federal regulations. With the combination of outdated equipment, new competition from interstate highways and commercial air travel, and a challenging regulatory environment, many storied railroads were forced to file for bankruptcy. It wasnt until the passage of the Staggers Rail Act in 1980 that antitrust regulations were overhauled and brought more in line with the modern transportation system. This balanced regulation sparked a revolution in efficiency and a new commitment to improvement. The surviving railroad companies began to work overtime to upgrade equipment and practices to become the safest, cleanest and most efficient option that they are today. Once again, railroads have earned their place as an efficient option for moving goods of all kinds and today are creating new capacity to handle a predicted 90 percent increase in freight rail demand by 2035. dramatically improved fuel efficiency and quality service at significantly lower environmental impact. CSX, for example, is leading the way in utilizing new technology and systems, as well as creating strategic partnerships that are fueling the greening of the railroad industry. Take the locomotive. CSX has invested more than one billion dollars since 2000 to upgrade its fleet, retrofitting existing locomotives to improve efficiency and introducing new Tier I and II clean air locomotives, which meet the latest EPA emission requirements. The upgraded locomotives promise to reduce emissions and lower fuel consumption by nearly 10 million gallons annually. To put that in perspective, 10 million gallons of fuel is enough energy to power over 11,000 homes for a year.
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TRAIN?
Thanks to new technology, this is not your grandfathers locomotive.
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Whats a freight
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At first glance, a freight train today resembles one from ten years ago. But if you look a little deeper, youll find plenty of new technology and complex processes and procedures that are making trains quieter, more energy efficient and more environmentally friendly than ever before.
Used primarily within rail yards to switch cars, GenSet locomotives meet and exceed all current EPA railroad emission standards for locomotives and achieve the most stringent noise level requirements for off-road diesel equipment. In contrast to existing locomotives, GenSets can be started as quickly as a truck engine, avoiding the need to leave them idling for long periods of time. As a result, they reduce nitrous oxide and particulate matter emissions by 80 percent and can create carbon dioxide emissions savings of over 25 percent by monitoring engine idling and switching to a sleep mode after a period of inactivity. With innovations like GenSet and the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), as well as smart train handling, a gallon of fuel is able to move a ton of freight almost twice as far today as a gallon of fuel would have
20 years ago. For more information on an APU, see Bringing it Home on page 5.
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five years, these reductions will save an estimated 12.5 million gallons of fuel and eliminate nearly 100,000 tons of emissions, including nitrous oxides, particulate matter, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide.
be used directly to identify fuel saving opportunities, measure locomotive operating fuel efficiency, and quantify other fuel saving initiatives.
to keep tracks in good working order. These solar panels power the batteries that operate the bottom dump mechanism used to install stone ballast in tracks, providing energy savings and reducing waste. Solar powered signals save energy, providing a reliable alternate power source to this vital component of the system. Solar powered hot water heaters apply solar technology to heat the water used at several CSX facilities, an efficient way to use solar energy and reduce fuel consumption. Low-VOC paints are being used to repaint locomotives. Low-VOC (volatile organic compound) paints release fewer and less harmful emissions than older paint formulas, protecting the environment.
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A gallon of diesel fuel moves a ton of freight by train 194 miles farther than it did 25 years ago.
1980 1990 2000 2007
Web-based computer programs are used to monitor water flow and quality throughout the network Products are properly stored, used and transported, preventing seepage into groundwater supplies The latest treatment technologies are used to treat wastewater generated from the maintenance and service of locomotives and railcars With nearly 200 wastewater facilities, CSX is considered an industry leader, having received numerous awards and recognition by state agencies and industry organizations.
Steel scrap steel from old locomotives, rail cars, rails and other equipment is sent out for recycling. Batteries spent batteries from locomotive and signal operations throughout the system are collected and properly recycled. Oil millions of gallons of engine oil are recycled annually, including a portion used as an alternative fuel to heat CSX facilities. Crossties three million are replaced each year and recycled, used as an alternative fuel source, or reused as landscape timbers. Land when necessary, property owned by CSX is remediated, restored
and redeveloped. The company has also remodeled, donated or sold unused rail corridors to create public spaces and hiking trails. Two notable instances are the much-celebrated High Line corridor on the West Side of Manhattan, New York, and the extension to the Pinellas Trail in St. Petersburg, Florida, linking downtown St. Petersburg with the 34-mile urban trail. CSX is also committed to protecting the nations streams, rivers, lakes, oceans and groundwater supplies over and above its commitments to meeting Clean Water Act regulations through a host of initiatives: Independent labs monitor water discharged from facilities
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An Even Cleane
ner T omorrow
National Gateway project reflects a growing commitment to the future
While CSX has had a long and distinguished role in the development of American enterprise, the future holds even greater promise, as the company helps to strengthen freight railroads capacity and also plays a leading role in forging environmental improvements. These advances are being accomplished in many ways not only through the implementation of new technologies discussed on the preceding pages, but also through groundbreaking public-private partnerships.
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CSX has committed 350 million dollars to the initiative, and is working closely with state governments to secure additional funding to realize the public benefits. Already, several states have committed funds in support of the project funds which will help clear the way for double-stack rail container service along the National Gateway corridors and assist in securing matching federal funds needed to complete the project. Intermodal transportation combines the efficiency of rail with the flexibility of trucks, says Michael J. Ward, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of CSX. By hauling more freight on fewer trains, the National Gateway would reduce traffic on the nations crowded highways and improve rail fluidity. To create the National Gateway, CSX, through its affiliates, is planning to build or upgrade several high-capacity intermodal terminals where product shipments are exchanged between trucks and trains. The company completed
a new terminal in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania in late 2007 and plans to build another terminal in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Existing terminals in Charlotte, North Carolina, and Baltimore, Maryland, will also be expanded to meet growing needs once the initiative is implemented. Additionally, a new intermodal terminal in Northwest Ohio will be built by the Evansville Western Railway, a CSX affiliate. CSX is working closely with state and federal government agencies to create double-stack clearances beneath public overpasses along the railroad. With double-stack clearances, rail carriers can stack intermodal containers on top of each other, so trains can carry twice as many containers per train as they could otherwise. The National Gateway will enhance three existing rail corridors that run through Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia and the District of Columbia.
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Those corridors include: The I-70/I-76 Corridor between Washington, D.C. and northwest Ohio via Pittsburgh; The I-95 Corridor between North Carolina and Baltimore via Washington, D.C.; The Carolina Corridor between Wilmington and Charlotte, North Carolina. The U.S. Department of Transportation predicts that freight transportation demand will rise over 90 percent by 2035 from 2002 levels. The National Gateway infrastructure initiative is designed to address the everincreasing demands placed on the nations capacity-strained freight network. A study of the National Gateway project by Cambridge Systematics, a nationally recognized transportation research firm based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, found that every dollar of public money invested in the National Gateway infrastructure initiative will lead to 16 dollars in public benefits. The study noted that by improving the flow of freight and shifting freight transportation from the highway to the railway, the initiative will improve safety, relieve traffic, benefit the environment and reduce highway maintenance costs.
Its true According to the EPA, freight railroads account for less than 3%
of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from transportation sources and well under 1% of greenhouse gas emissions from all sources.
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Hybrid locomotives being researched use a rechargeable energy storage system that is placed between the power source (often a diesel engine) and the traction transmission system connected to the wheels. Surplus energy from the power source, or energy derived from regenerative braking, charges the storage system. During acceleration, stored energy is directed to the transmission system, boosting the energy available from the main power source. For more information on exciting improvements to trains, see Whats a Freight Train? on page 10.
economic prosperity and energy security of the U.S. CSX values an open dialogue with all stakeholders on a wide array of options to further policies that meet these objectives, among them market-based incentives, a cap and trade system and carbon taxes or fees. Finally, CSX believes that rapid and widespread research, development, deployment and commercialization of innovations in clean coal and other energy technologies are vital to the success of climate change and energy policies.
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