EXPERIMENT: TO DETERMINE THE PERSENTAGE PURITY OF POTASSIUM BROMIDE

THEORY: This experiment is the precipitation titration involving the precipitation reaction between silver nitrate and sodium chloride. AgNO3 + NaCl 2AgNO3 + K2 CrO4 Ag Cl + NaNO3 Ag2CrO4 + 2KNO3

A slight excess of AgNO3 solution reacts with indicator K2CrO4 and forms a reddish brown color of AgCrO4. When Potassium Bromide is titrated against AgNO 3 solution the Br - ion is precipitated as silver bromide. KBr + AgNO3 AgBr + K+ + NO3-

Firstly primary adsorbed layer is formed and it will hold the secondary adsorbed oppositely charged ion presenting the solution .As soon as the equivalence point is reached,Ag+ ions are present in the excess which are primarily adsorbed and nitrate ions are secondarily adsorbed . During titration the eosin is used as indicator due to presence of which the color of ppt. will change to the bright pinkish color at the equivalence point. The -ve ions of eosin which are much more strongly adsorbed, than the nitrate ions are immediately adsorbed and will reveal its presence of ppt. by formation of pinkish complex of silver and a modified eosin ions, are on the surface with the first trace of Ag + ions.

PROCEDURE:

1. Preparation of 0.05 M NaCl solution: 0.7455 gm of sodium chloride was taken by" weight by difference" method. It was then transferred quantitatively to a 250 ml volumetric flask and was dissolved in deionosed water, shaking continuously while adding to make the solution homogeneous. Molarity of the solution 2. Preparation of approx 0.05 M Silver nitrate solution: 2.122 gm of given Silver nitrate solution was made 250ml by adding deionosed water. 3. Standardization of the Silver nitrate solution with Sodium Chloride: 10 ml of Sodium Chloride solution was pipetted out in a conical flask. 1ml of 5 % Potassium Chromate solution was added .Then it was titrated by slowly adding silver nitrate solution from burette. The addition was continued with shaking till the color becomes faint reddish brown. The titration was carried out and three concurrent readings were noted. 4. Determination of percentage purity of KBr: 0.835gm of potassium bromide solution was taken in 100ml of volumetric flask and it was diluted by using deionosed water. 10ml of KBr solution was pipetted out in conical flask. Then 38 ml of deionosed water, 1.5ml of 6M CH3COOH and 1ml of eosin (indicator) was added into conical flask. It was then titrated with standard silver nitrate solution from burette. The addition was continued with shaking till the color of ppt was pink.

OBESERVATION: Table1: Standardization of Silver nitrate solution: No. of obs. Vol.of NaCl (ml) Burette readings for AgNO3(ml) Initial Final Difference Concurrent reading (ml)

Table 2: Determination of weight of KBr in the given solution: No. of obs. Vol.of KBr (ml) Burette readings for AgNO3(ml) Initial Final Difference Concurrent reading (ml)

Result: Calculation: