Aircraft Structures Repair I

AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES REPAIR AAB 31003
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR - MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVI ATION TECHNO LOGY
AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES REPAIR
AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES REPAIR AAB 31003 Chapter I
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Ir. Abu Zaid Bakar

Overview
1. General Structures 2. Construction Method 3. Structure Assembly Technique & Protection 4. Airframe Symmetry 5. Fuselage, Door, Engine Mount, Nacelle & Landing Gear Attachment
UniKL MIAT
6. Wings & Stabilizer 7. Window & Windscreen 8. Inspection of Aircraft Structures

AIRCRAFT
LIGHTER THAN AIR
HEAVIER THAN AIR
AIRSHIPS
BALLONS
POWER DRIVEN
NON-POWER DRIVEN
AEROPLANE
HELICOPTER
GLIDER (SAIL PLANES)
LANDPLANE
SEAPLANE
AMPHIBIAN
UniKL MIAT

Beam
General Structures
A member subject to bending, where carry load at right angle to their length. A beam may be simply supported at the end. The support may be a little way from the ends or it may be supported at one end only, where it is called cantilever. Examples, I-beam, T-beam, Z-beam Application: Spar, Floorboard Structures
Strut
Member taking a compression load. Examples: Landing gear strut, Wing strut.
Tie
Member taking a tensile load Examples: Landing gear beam
Strain
x / x
Stress
Force per unit area. F/A
UniKL MIAT

General Structures
Torsion
Member or circular cross section subject to twisting couples or torques. Examples: torque tube,
Bending
A cantilever beam having a downward force at the end. The beam is deflected downward, upper section of the beam is having tension and lower section of the beam is under compression
Compression
Any structure when under compression is when the forces in that structure are pointed towards the centre of the structure
Tension
Any structure when under compression is when the forces in that structure are pointed outwards from the centre of the structure
Fatigue
The tiredness of the structure after had undergone cyclic loading
UniKL MIAT

General Structures
Stress Riser
Hoop Stress Different in pressure between inside and outside of the pressurised area of the aircraft. (Circumferential stress) Shear
UniKL MIAT

Primary Structures
All major components of the aircraft. The failure of which in flight or ground manoeuvres would likely to cause catastrophic structural collapse or loss of control of the aircraft.
Secondary Structures
Includes all portions of the aircraft which would normally be regarded as primary structure but which unavoidably have such reserve strength over design requirements that appreciably weakening may be permitted without risk of failure. It also include structure which if damage would not impair the safety of the aircraft.
Tertiary Structures
Include all portions of the structure in which stresses are low, but which for various reasons cannot be omitted from the aircraft.
UniKL MIAT

Wing Box
Ribs Longerons
Aft Spar
Forward Spar
Bulkhead
UniKL MIAT

Damage Tolerance
Damage tolerance is related to fatigue, crack propagation and fail-safe design. The structural engineers primary responsibility to ensure the design to have adequate strength and rigidity at minimum weight. 3 components to determine the fatigue life of a given structure are: i) material selection ii) stress level iii) number of cycle to be tolerated at various stress level
UniKL MIAT
9

Damage Tolerance
To ensure aircraft will perform satisfactory, the structure is designed for the main four failure modes: Static ultimate strength (incld. Yield strength requirement) Fatigue life of the structure (crack initiation) Fatigue life of the damaged structure (inspection interval) Static residual strength of the damage structure
Essential consideration to the development of the damage tolerance design Material Selection Fastener Load Distribution Ultimate Design Cut-off Stress UniKL MIAT
10

Fail Safe
A structure in which failure of a particular part is compensated for by another part, that is able to carry the loads, for a limit period of time. Is achieved through material selection, proper stress levels, and multiple load path structural arrangements which maintain high strength in the presence of a crack or damage
UniKL MIAT
11

Example of Fail Safe Criteria
UniKL MIAT
12

Damage Tolerance
Stress Cycle
The stress cycle is the stress-time function which is repeated periodically and identically. Load Spectrum A collection of data of the load exposure of a structure. Examples are gust, maneuvers, landing impact, ground roll, climb, cruise, decent, etc.
UniKL MIAT
13

Stress (F)
Stress Cycle
Fa Stress Range Fm Cycle (N) Fmin Fmax
Fmax Maximum Stress Fmin Minimum Stress Fa Alternating Stress = (Fmax - Fmin)/2 Fm Mean Stress = (Fmax + Fmin)/2 R = stress ratio = Fmin/Fmax
UniKL MIAT
14

Load Spectrum
Gross Weight Altitude Range Speed
UniKL MIAT
15

Requirements
BCAR has specify the safety factor for the structural parts in aircraft to be 1.5 ( if a part has a working load of 100 pounds, it must be designed to carry 100 x 1.5 = 150 pounds of load. FAA ?
UniKL MIAT
16

THANK YOU
UniKL MIAT
17

Aircraft Structures Repair I

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Aircraft Structures Repair I

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES REPAIR AAB 31003

UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR - MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVI ATION TECHNO LOGY