Copyright2013byHaroldA.

Toomey,WyzAntTutor 5

MeanValueTheoremforIntegrals
_ (x) Jx
b
u
= (c)(b -o)
Finu c.
TheAverageValueforaFunction
1
b - o
_ (x) Jx
b
u

IntegrationMethods
1.Memorized See 1pagei of common integials
2.USubstitution
_(g(x))g
i
(x)Jx = F(g(x)) + C
Set u = g(x), then Ju = g
i
(x) Jx
_(u) Ju = F(u) + C
u = _____
Ju = _____ Jx
3.IntegrationbyParts
_u J: = u: - _: Ju
u = ____ v = _____
Ju = _____ J: = _____

Pick u using the LIATE Rule:
LLogarithmicfunctions: ln x , log
b
x , ctc.
IInversetrig.functions: tan
-1
x , sec
-1
x , ctc.
AAlgebraicfunctions: x
2
, Sx
60
, ctc.
TTrigonometricfunctions: sinx , tan x , ctc.
EExponentialfunctions: c
x
, 19
x
, ctc.
4.PartialFractions
_
P(x)
(x)
Jx
wheie P(x) onJ (x) aie polynomials

Case 1: If uegiee of P(x) (x)
then uo long uivision fiist

Case 2: If uegiee of P(x) < (x)
then uo paitial fiaction expansion
5.TrigSubstitutionfora
2
-x
2

o
2
- x
2
Jx
Substutution: x = o sin 0
Iuentity: 1 - sin
2
0 = cos
2
0
6.TrigSubstitutionforx
2
-a
2

x
2
- o
2
Jx
Substutution: x = o sec 0
Iuentity: scc
2
0 - 1 = ton
2
0
7.TrigSubstitutionfor

x
2
+ a
2

_x
2
+ o
2
Jx
Substutution: x = o tan 0
Iuentity: 1 + ton
2
0 = scc
2
0
8.TableofIntegrals CRC Stanuaiu Nathematical Tables book
Copyright2013byHaroldA.Toomey,WyzAntTutor 6

9.ComputerAlgebraSystems(CAS)
TI Nspiie CAS iPau app
TI89 Titanium calculatoi
10.NumericalMethods
Riemann Sum
Niupoint Rule
Tiapezoiual Rule
Simpsons Rule
11.WolframAlpha
uoogle of mathematics. Shows steps. Fiee.
www.wolfiamalpha.com
WolfiamAlpha iPhoneiPau app
PartialFractions
Condition
(x) =
P(x)
(x)

wheie P(x) onJ (x) aie polynomials
anu uegiee of P(x) < (x)
CaseI:Simplelinear(1
xt
degree)
A
(ox +b)

CaseII:Multipledegreelinear(1
xt
degree)
A
(ox + b)
1
+
B
(ox + b)
2
+
C
(ox +b)
3

CaseIII:Simplequadratic(2
nd
degree)
Ax +B
(ox
2
+bx + c)

CaseIV:Multipledegreequadratic(2
nd

degree)
Ax + B
(ox
2
+ bx +c)
+
Cx +
(ox
2
+ bx + c)
2
+
Ex +F
(ox
2
+ bx +c)
3
TypicalSolutionforCasesI&II _
o
x +b
Jx = o ln|x + b| +C
TypicalSolutionforCasesIII&IV _
o
x
2
+ b
2
Jx = o ton
-1
[
x
b
+ C
NumericalMethods
RiemannSum
_ (x) Jx
b
u
= lim
P0
(x

) x

n
=1

wheie o = x
0
< x
1
< x
2
< < x
n
= b
anu x

= x

- x
-1

anu P = mox{x

]
Types: Left Sum, Niuule Sum, Right Sum
MidpointRule
_ (x) Jx
b
u
= (x

) x =
n
=1

x|(x
1
) +(x
2
) + (x
3
) + +(x
n
)]
wheie x =
b-u
n

anu x

=
1
2
(x
-1
+ x

) = miJpoint o |x
-1
, x

]
Eiioi Bounus: |E
M
|
K(b-u)
3
24n
2

Copyright2013byHaroldA.Toomey,WyzAntTutor 7

TrapezoidalRule
_ (x) Jx
b
u
=
x
2
|(x
0
) + 2(x
1
) +2(x
3
) + +2(x
n-1
)
+ (x
n
)]
wheie x =
b-u
n

anu x

= o +ix
Eiioi Bounus: |E
1
|
K(b-u)
3
12n
2

SimpsonsRule
_ (x)Jx
b
u
=
x
S
|(x
0
) +4(x
1
) + 2(x
2
) + 4(x
3
) +
+ 2(x
n-2
) +4(x
n-1
) + (x
n
)]
Wheie n is even
anu x =
b-u
n

anu x

= o +ix
Eiioi Bounus: |E
S
|
K(b-u)
S
180n
4

InfiniteSequencesandSeries
Sequence
lim
n
o
n
= I (Limit)
Example: (o
n
, o
n+1
, o
n+2
, )
ArithmeticSeries(infinite) o
n

n=1
= S = o
1
+ o
2
+o
3
+ + o
n
+
GeometricSeries(finite)
or
k-1
n
k=1
= S
n
= o + or + or
2
+ + or
n-1

S =
o(1 -r
n
)
1 - r
(Sum)
GeometricSeries(infinite)
S = lim
n
o(1 -r
n
)
1 - r
=
o
1 -r

only if |r| < 1
wheie r is the iauius oi inteival of conveigence
PartialSum
S
n
= s
n
= s
1
+ s
2
+s
3
+ + s
n

Similai to an aiithmetic seiies
ConvergenceTests
1.n
th
TermTest
(See Baiolus Seiies Conveigence Tests Cheat
Sheet)
2.GeometricSeriesTest
3.pSeriesTest
4.AlternatingSeriesTest
5.IntegralTest
6.RatioTest
7.RootTest
8.DirectComparisonTest
9.LimitComparisonTest
Copyright2013byHaroldA.Toomey,WyzAntTutor 8

TaylorSeries
PowerSeries o
n
(x -c)
n
= o
0
+o
1
(x - c) +o
2
(x - c)
2
+
+
n=0

PowerSeriesAboutZero o
n
x
n
= o
0
+ o
1
x + o
2
x
2
+
+
n=0

MaclaurinSeries
Tayloi seiies about zeio
(x) = P
n
(x) =

(n)
(u)
n!
+
n=0
x
n

TaylorSeries (x) = P
n
(x) =

(n)
(c)
n!
+
n=0
(x - c)
n

TaylorSerieswithRemainder
(x) = P
n
(x) +R
n
(x)
=

(n)
(c)
n!
+
n=0
(x -c)
n
+ R
n
(x)
R
n
(x) =

(n+1)
(x

)
(n + 1)!
(x - c)
n+1

wheie x x

c
anu lim
x+
R
n
(x) = u
BinomialSeries (1 + x)

= 1 +
r(r - 1)(r -2) (r - n +1)
n!
x
n
+
n=1

CommonSeries
c
x
=
x
n
n!

n=0

1 +x +
x
2
2!
+
x
3
S!
+
x
4
4!
+
1
1 - x
= x
n

n=0
or |x| < 1 1 +x + x
2
+ x
3
+ x
4
+
ln (1 +x) = (-1)
n-1
x
n
n

n=0
or |x| < 1
x -
x
2
2
+
x
3
S
-
x
4
4
+
x
5
S
-
sin (x) = (-1)
n
x
2n+1
(2n + 1)!

n=0

x -
x
3
S!
+
x
5
S!
-
x
7
7!
+
x
9
9!
-
cos (x) = (-1)
n
x
2n
(2n)!

n=0

1 -
x
2
2!
+
x
4
4!
-
x
6
6!
+
x
8
8!
-
sinh (x) =
c
x
-c
-x
2
=
x
2n+1
(2n + 1)!

n=0

x +
x
3
S!
+
x
5
S!
+
x
7
7!
+
x
9
9!
+
cosh (x) =
c
x
+ c
-x
2
=
x
2n
(2n)!

n=0

1 +
x
2
2!
+
x
4
4!
+
x
6
6!
+
x
8
8!
+
aictan (x) = (-1)
n
x
2n+1
(2n + 1)

n=0
or |x| < 1
x -
x
3
S
+
x
5
S
-
x
7
7
+
x
9
9
-
EulersEquation
c
n
+1 = u
c
0
= cos(0) + i sin (0)