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Categorization of attributes
There are hundreds of seismic attributes Taner et al. (1994) divide attributes into two general categories: geometrical and physical
o The objective of geometrical attributes is to enhance the visibility of the geometrical characteristics of seismic data; they include dip, azimuth, and continuity. o Physical attributes have to do with the physical parameters of the subsurface and so relate to lithology. These include amplitude, phase, and frequency.
Workflow
Starts with the interpreter Look for FLT (funny looking things) -typically a local amplitude bright spot, dim spot, or something that looks geological Once FLT is identified it becomes the focus by applying one or several seismic attributes
The point is to look for geological or geomorphological patterns in plan and section view. E.g. fluvial, deep water channels, slumps slides, carbonate reefs, shelf ridges, ect. Develop one or more geologic hypotheses
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Tuning effects
Rayleigh Criterion
/4
Amplitude analysis allows us to operate outside the constraint of Rayleighs Criterion, allowing resolution in great detail of structures that would normally be considered on the margin of seismic resolution.2
Sills
Complex deformation
Similarity Patterns:
2 Point 4 4 Point Point 8 Point Point 8
2 Point
4 Point
8 Point
Steered Similarity:
Local Dip
Regional Dip
A - Time varying section through trubidite deposits where decollement surfsurface and thrust faults. B A verticle section through the turbidite deposits showing thrust fault and duplex fault terminations.
Seismic amplitudes used to define the brown horizon. No explicit fault picks were used, only discontinuity attributes to define fault blocks.
Curvature
Schuelke 2011
Schuelke 2011
Treagold 2011
Treagold 2011
Treagold 2011
Brouwer et al
Curvature Attribute
Brouwer et al
Brouwer et al
Brouwer et al
Brouwer et al
The Neural Network were trained based on well control data, AVO and absorption related attributes
Conclusion
References
Brouwer, F. C. G., Tingahl, K., and Connolly, D., A Guide to the Practical Use of Neural Networks, dDB Earth Sciences Brouwer and Huck, An Integrated Workflow to Optimize Discontinuity Attributes from Imaging of Faults, 31 st Annual GCSSEPM Foundation Bob F. Perkins Research Conference, December 4-7, 2011, Houston, Texas Cartwright, J. and Huuse, M., 3D seismic technology: the geological Hubble, Basin Research (2005). Chopra, S. and K.J. Marfurt, 2007, Seismic Attributes for Fault/Fracture Characterization, 2007 CSPG CSEG Convention. Chopra, S. and K.J. Marfurt, 2010. Integration of coherence and curvature images: The Leading Edge, v. 29, p. 1092-1107 Hou, J., Takahashi, T., Katoh, A., Jaroonsitha, S., Chumsena, K. P., and Nakayama, K., 2008, Application of seismic attributes and neural network for sand probability prediction A case study in the North Malay Basin, Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 54, p.115 121 Posamentier, Integrated Seismic Stratigraphy and Geomorphology; Workflows and Techniques, 2010 GCSSEPM Foundation Conference Proceedings Roberts, A., 2001, Curvature attributes and their application to 3D interpreted horizons: First Break, 19, 85 99. Schuelke, J., 2011, Overview of Seismic Attribute Analysis in Shale Plays, Attributes: New Views on Seismic Imaging -- Their Use in Exploration and Production: 31st Annual GCSSEPM Foundation Bob F. Perkins Research Conference, February 2012, v. 1, p. 806-827 Treagold, G., et al., 2011, Eagle Ford Exploration and Development The Application of Regional Geology and Geophysical Technologies, Attributes: New Views on Seismic Imaging -- Their Use in Exploration and Production: 31st Annual GCSSEPM Foundation Bob F. Perkins Research Conference, February 2012, v. 1, p. 806-827 Zeynal, A. R., Aminzadeh, F., Cliffod, A., 2012, Combining Absorption and AVO Seismic Attributes Using Neural Networks to High-Grade Gas Prospects, SPE Western Regional Meeting, Bakersfield, California, USA