Steam Production in Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Performance Test Codes for Engineers Worldwide

ASME PTC 4 ASME PTC 4.3 ASME PTC 11

ASME PTC 4.2 ASME PTC 12.1

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These Performance Test Codes are critical in determining the performance of equipment associated with the production of steam in a power plant, providing valuable assistance for contractual agreements. A major component of a fossil fuel power plant is the steam generator. PTC 4, Fired Steam Generators is used to determine performance characteristics of a steam generator. These characteristics include efficiency, output, capacity, exit flue gas and entering air temperature, excess air, calcium-to-sulfur molar ratio, fuel, air, and flue gas flow rates, unburned carbon and unburned carbon loss. Determining these performance characteristics are important, because actual performance can be compared to guaranteed performance, comparing different conditions or methods of operation, determining the specific performance of individual parts or components, comparing performance when firing an alternate fuel, and determining the effects of equipment modifications. The current edition was published 2008 and a revision is in the works. The auxiliary equipment in a steam generator fossil fuel plant includes, air heaters, fans, coal pulverizers and feedwater heaters. These components are important in ensuring the operation of the steam generators. PTC 4.3, Air Heaters applies to all air heaters used in industrial applications, such as steam generators and industrial furnaces. It specifically includes combustion gas-to-air heat exchanger, including air heaters with multi-section air streams, and air preheater coils utilizing non-condensing (single phase) steam, water, or other hot fluids.

ASME PTC 4-2008, Fired Steam Generators ISBN: 9780791831380 No. pages: 292 Price: $240.00 USD Digital (PDF) / Order No.: C0250Q Print-Book / Order No.: C02508

ASME PTC 4.3-1968, Air Heaters No. pages: 31 Price: $50.00 USD Digital (PDF) / Order No.: D0003Q

ASME PTC 11-2008, Fans ISBN: 9780791831526 No. pages: 176 Price: $125.00 USD Digital (PDF) / Order No.: C0520Q Print-Book / Order No.: C05208

ASME PTC 4.2-1969, Coal Pulverizers No. pages: 26 Price: $80.00 USD Digital (PDF) / Order No.: C0000Q

ASME PTC 12.1-2000, Closed Feedwater Heaters ISBN: 0791826422 No. pages: 92 Price: $150.00 USD Digital (PDF) / Order No.: C0130P Print-Book / Order No.: C01300

PTC 4.3, Air Heaters (contd) This Test Code on air heaters and preheaters provides procedures for conducting performance tests to determine the air heater exitgas temperature, air-to-gas leakage, fluid pressure losses, and fluid temperatures. It also provides procedures to determine the heat capacity ratio [X-Ratio] and any or all of the performance results specified above that may be necessary for checking actual performance against specified performance, comparing changes in performance over time with specified performance, comparing performance under various operating conditions, and determining the effect of changes in equipment. PTC 11, Fans is primarily used to test fans after they have been installed in the systems for which they were intended. The types of fans include centrifugal, axial, and mixed flow types. This Test Code provides the rules for testing fans to determine performance under actual operating conditions, provides additional rules for converting measured performance to that which would prevail under specified operating conditions, and provides methods for comparing measured or converted performance to specified performance. It is used to determine fan mass flow rate, or alternatively, fan volume flow rate, fan-specific energy, or alternatively, fan pressure, and fan input power. This Test Code can also be used to determine gas properties at the fan inlet, fan speed, fan output power, compressibility coefficient, fan efficiency, and inlet flow conditions. PTC 4.2, Coal Pulverizors establishes procedures for conducting performance tests of coal pulverizers to determine capacity, fineness of product, and raw coal feed, including grindability, moisture, and mixing. This Test Code applies to the pulverizing system as a whole, including all the component parts necessary to take the raw coal, hot air and tempering air at the system inlet, and deliver pulverized coal in proper mixture with air and/or flue gas at the desired temperature at the outlet of the system. It applies to the two most commonly used systems: Direct Fired System and Storage System. PTC 12.1, Closed Feedwater Heaters provides procedures, direction, and guidance for determining the performance of a closed feedwater heater with regard to terminal temperature difference; drain cooler approach; temperature; tube side (feedwater) pressure loss through the heater; shell-side pressure loss through the desuperheating zone, and through the drain cooling zone. This Test Code applies to all horizontal and vertical heaters except those with partial pass drain cooling zones. A feedwater heater is designed to accomplish heat transfer between fluids. The heater design is based on a specific operating condition that includes flow, temperature, and pressure. This specific condition constitutes the design point that is found on the manufacturer's feedwater heater specification sheet. It is not feasible to expect that the test will be conducted at the design point. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the heater performance by adjusting the design parameters for the test conditions. Methods of calculating the predicted heater performance are presented in this Test Code. These predicted values shall then be compared to corresponding measured. Intended for equipment and systems test engineers, instrument engineers, industrial and power plant engineers, manufacturers of boilers, coal pulverizers, fans, and feedwater heaters, instrument manufacturers, A/E firms, and third-party testing agencies.

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