Community

-"The word "community" is derived from the Old French communit which is

derived from the Latin communitas (cum, "with/together" + munus, "gift"), a broad term for fellowship or organized society."
-So community literally means to give among each other." -it is a place where people lives, work, and interact. -social organization that is territorially localized and through with it members satisfy their daily needs and deals with their common problem. -a community is a group of people who interact with one another -- Family, education, business, work, sport, religion, culture all involve communities that we take for granted as a normal part of our lives. - Communities are the building blocks that allow us to make sense of the world in which we live, participate and share experiences. They provide a sense of identity and purpose, a sense of being a part of and belonging. -it composed of certain elements. Group of people or also called POPULATION An area or territory Sense of interrelatedness or social interaction 2 Types of Community RURAL COMMUNITY URBAN COMMUNITY 1. RURAL COMMUNITY - we usually associate it with the barrio of yore -this type is usually small, and people occupations are commonly farmers, fisherman, and food gathering. - people are commonly called PEASANTS which defined as people who produced their own food for their survival. -communal activities are common and cooperation is shown a. helpful in neighbor and sharing each other work in time of needs. b. lending of money and materials good is still practiced c. competition are also common in terms of production of crops political; religious in control of land

-great breathing space and advantage good health. CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL AREAS 1. provide turban areas of food and other raw materials. 2. barrios commonly we think consist of rivers, farms, mountains 3. not exactly peaceful in some places as it is used to be. 4. the houses before are made of nipa and bamboo 5. roads are usually dirt and feeder roads cover with gravel and sand

Family
-from Latin word familia means group of people affiliated by consanguinity affinity or coresidence. -principal institution for the socialization of children

Types of Family
1.Asmatrilocal -mother and children 2.Conjugal (Nuclear Family) -Husband, wife and children 3.Consaguineal(Extended Family) -parents and children together with the other relatives like auntie, uncles grandparents. RURAL FAMILY more nuclear family than extended family the family is bilateral with close ties usually maintained with both sides of family. As usual man do job works,the guardian, the breadwinner and protector while woman do households works,the treasurer, the manager of domestic affairs. The relation are familistic and there is a strong dependence on family. Some traditional practices regarding courtship still persist such as serenading,chaperoning, and bigay-kaya. Traditional Practices 1. Serenading-a traditional practice to court a girl that is gradually disappearing. 2. Chaperoning- still observed, as CHASTITY is a trait highly valued among unmarried women. 3. Dowry (bigay-kaya)- may consist of money, a piece of land, or a gift by the man to the girls parents.

RURAL GOVERNMENT Brief History The barangay or balangay ,as it was originally called had its roots in pre-Spanish times. And it was changed into barrio when Spaniards has been centralized our country. The arrangement has been continued by Americans. The barrio was under the charge of a member of the Municipal Council of the municipality of which it was a part. Political Autonomy was extended to the barrio with the passage of the Barrio Council Act 1956 and the Revised Barrio Charter in 1963. This provided a formation of a barrio council with barrio captain and six councilmen functioning as a legislative and executive body. RURAL EDUCATION People live in a rural areas commonly finished elementary and high school level. Elementary Grades they usually learned the four macro learning which are listening, ,speaking and writing. High school graduates are able to apply some jobs on work they can perform. Some still want to take up college degree so they are going to migrate in urban areas because colleges and universities are common to them before. MAIN FEATURES OF RURAL COMMUNITY a. Village is an Institution -considerably influence the life of the people living in an area. It almost satisfy the needs of the rural. b. Community -they have sense of unity and belongingness to each other c. Religion -faith in religion and universal power is found in the life of the villages. d. Agriculture -the main occupation is agriculture which involves dependence in nature. Nature gives the livelihood to them. Formers worship forces of nature. LIFE OF RURAL PEOPLE Lifestyle in rural areas are different than those in urban areas because of limited services are available. Governmental Services like law enforcement, schools, fire department and libraries may be distant, limited in scope or unavailable.

 Utilities like water, sewer, street lightning, and garbage collection may not be present. Public Transport is sometimes absent or very limited, people use their own vehicles walk or ride an animal. RURAL DEVELOPMENT -is a strategy designed to improve the economic and social life of rural poor. -a process, which aims at improving the well being and self realization of people living outside the urbanized areas through collective process. -is all about bringing change among rural community from the traditional way of living to progressive way of living. OBJECTIVES OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT 1. To develop farm, home, public services and village community. 2. To bring improvement in producing of crops and animals living condition etc. improvement of the rural people. 3. To improve health and education condition etc. improvement of the rural peole. 4. To improve villagers with their own efforts. 5. To improve village communication. DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL CAN BRING

INFRASTRUCTURE

TECHNOLOGY

HEALTH

EDUCA TION

ECONO MY

PROBLEMS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT 1. People related Traditional way of thinking Poor understanding Low level of education to understand developmental efforts and new technology. Deprived psychology and scientific orientation. Lack of confidence Poor awareness

Low level of education Existence of unfelt needs Personal ego Lack of expected awareness, knowledge, skill and attitude Unavailability of inputs Poor marketing facility. Insufficient extension staff and services Multidimensional task to extension personnel Small size of land holding Division of land. Unwillingness to work and stay in rural areas.

2. Agricultural Related Problems

3. Infrastructure Related Problems Poor infrastructure facilities like: Water Electricity Transport Educational institutions Communication Health Employment Storage facility Unfavorable economic condition to adopt high cost technology. High cost of inputs Under privilege rural industries Leadership among the hands of inactive and incompetent people. Self interest of leaders Biased political will Political interference Lack of motivation and interest Unwillingness to work in villages Improper utilization of budget

4. Economic Problems

5. Leadership related problems

6. Administrative problems

2. URBANCOMMUNITY Street children abound in societies where population by age composition is young. In the Philippines, their presence is strongly felt in the busy streets of major cities. This may have resulted from the Filipino familys burden of having so many children with very limited resources. The rapid increase in the number of street children is disturbing Children are on the streets for some reasons. Very few among the children would say they decided for themselves to work on the streets. Their presence on the street stems from the interplay among several variables on the national level such as the countrys economic policies, local and international politics and the normative structure. On the community level these variables include the physical location of the neighborhood and the demographic characteristics of the place. On the family level these include pattern of mobility, family relations and stability and the children themselves. Urbanization in Historical Perspective Urbanization: is the process of concentrating people within a relatively small geographic area. Related to urbanization is urbanism which is a way of life found in cities with its complex of traits, including a high degree of impersonalism , cultural heterogeneity, predominance of secular values, and extreme division of labor. The story of cities is the story of civilization The ancient and medieval cities served as defense and refugee centers as well as trading centers. These cities might probably have been the product of war and violence (Martindale 1984:14). Urban development was marked in the West, especially in England. Several actors brought this about, named: 1. Improvements in transportation, roads and canals 2. Agricultural innovations and commercialization; and 3. The emergence of the factory system with the industrial production derived from steam power.

 Some countries, like England, the United Stated, the Netherlands Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, and Japan are moving toward a saturation level of urbanization. The rural-urban differences have diminished and the society has adopted a common, mass way of life called urbanized social organization.

URBANIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES URBANIZATION - it is the process of concentrating people within a relatively small geographic area and related to social change and growth. Demographic Perspective- it refers to an increase in the number and size of the population centers. Factors for Urbanization 1. The attractiveness of urban life strengthened the stream of migration from the rural areas. 2. The existence of social networks in the migrant destination 3. Natural increase Urban Classification In the Philippines, urban areas fall under the following categories: 1. In their entirety, all municipal jurisdictions which, whether designated chartered cities, provincial capital or not, have a population density of at least 1,000 persons per square kilometer: all barangays. 2. Poblaciones or central districts of municipalities and cities which have a population density of at least 500 persons square kilometer. 3. Poblaciones or central districts not included in (1) and (2) regardless of the population size which have the following. street pattern or network of streets in either parallel or right angel orientation. at least six establishments (commercial, manufacturing, recreational and/or personal services) at least three of the following: a town hall, church or chapel with religious service at least once a month. a public plaza, park or cemetery. a market place, or building, where trading activities are carried on at least once a week.

a public building, like a school, hospital, puericulture and health center or library.

4. Barangays having at least 1,000 inhabitants which meet the conditions set forth in (3) above and where the occupation of the inhabitants is predominantly nonfarming or fishing. Urban Ecological Process Concentration Occurs with the growth of towns and cities. The increase of population in a given area. People tend to cluster at certain areas to satisfy some of their needs or interest. Dominancere One area in the city tends to have controlling social and economic position in the relation to the other areas. Dominant Area The central business district, which is the hub of economic activities in any city. Gradient Refers to the condition of receding degrees of dominance from a selected dominant center. A long lines of transportation and communication, various institutions and establishment are drawn together. Centralization People performing the same function reside together in a given area. Decentralization As land value goes up and competition becomes keen in the central district, some of these business establishments are pushed toward the outlying areas. Invasion Occurs when new types of people, institutions or activities enter an area previously occupied by a different type. Segregation This arises from the fact that people differ from one another according to ethnic grouping, religion, social class or occupation. The Metropolitan

 An urban phenomenon emerging in places in the world is the metropolitan area. As a city spreads out, coalesce with other town and cities, altogether they become a region compose of a central city with outlying areas linked to it socially and economically URBAN SOCIAL PROBLEM A social issue is also called a social problem or social ill is an issue that relates to society s perception of people lives .Different societies have different perception and what may be normal behavior in one society may be a significant social issue in another society. Cities have a certain magnetic powers, attracting people to their places for social and economic improvement and as centers of art, fashion, and learning. Cities are places where gets of pangs of loneliness and feelings of alienation because of the impersonal and contractual relation found there. SQUATTERS AND SLUM Squatters are person who occupy vacant lots owned by the government or private person even without legal right to do so. Squatters areas have proliferated along river banks, railway tracks, and periphery of residential areas. Squatters build SHANTIES with makeshift materials. A few build houses of stronger materials. Some live in push cart, which they use for earning a living during the day and as sleeping squarters during the night. They park under the trees, on sidewalk and other vacant spaces. Squatters areas generally have the following: Congestion Squalor Filth and, Lack of basic facilities and services like Light, water sewage and garbage disposal system THE URBAN FAMILY

-An effect of urbanization and industrialization is social changes which, in one way or another, are reflected in the family. The literature on urbanization and industrialization in the United State and the Philippines show that these have affected structure and functions of the family. A change noted is in the family structure, from the extended to the nuclear type. -The economic, politic, religious, and educational functions are being taken by other entities. The socialization function is diminished as children are sent to day care centers and nursery schools. The economic function has been taken over by the work place an office, factory, or business firm. The function still considered important in urban families is that of providing emotional maintenance and child care. -Change in norms of courtship and marriage practices have been noted in urban areas. A trend among young people is to choose one mate on the basic of romantic love, although parental approval is sometimes considered. Urban planning and renewal Urban Planning: means of directing the citys physical and social growth and changes to provide a more healthy, pleasant and prosperous environment. Urban Renewal: is a program of land redevelopment in areas of moderate to high density urban land use. -Renewal has had both successes and failures. The concept of urban renewal can be traced back to the earliest days of urban development, and often stems from an expansive style of governance. Record Urban Planning or Urban Renewable Projects: Which were intended to bring about an order and harmonious city growth but most of these plans have remained good only in paper. Projects relating to Infrastructure Programs. Examples: Water supply Garbage collection Pollution Sanitation Beautification and greening project Renewal and disposal or garbage Housing projects

The aspect of Urban Renewable.

Slum improvement programs Provisions for livelihood and revenue generating projects Design for easing traffic Infrastructure Projects

The Housing and Land use Regulating Office: Is drafting an urban development plan and reviewing existing town and land use plans and housing programs and projects of the government and the private sector in order to formulate a National Urban Development and Housing Framework. Urban Communities arose from the concentration of people within relatively small geographic area in a process called urbanization. The urban community may be a city, or something resembling a city , which is relatively large dense, and permanent settlement of socially heterogeneous individuals. The occupations are usually non-farming and non-fishing. In our Local Government Code (1992), urban refers to highly urbanized cities, cities, and government center in municipalities called poblaciones. Discerned in the growth of the cities are : Ecological process of concentration Dispersion Gradient Centralization Invasion Succession Ecological segregation

Notable is also is the growth of the metropolitan region which is composed of a central city and outlying municipalities or the suburbs united socially, economically, or even politically.

Sosyolohiya, Kultura at Pagpapamilya

COMMUNITY
RURAL COMMUNITY URBAN COMMUNITY
Group III
Alonzo, Ana Rose S. Campos, Vanessa C. Danga, Renalyn S. Fesarillo, Samuel M. Girado, Jerome M. Ocampo, Lauro Jr., P.