HYDRAULIC LABORATORY CC303 HYDRAULICS 1 CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

EXPERIMENT :1

TITLE

:FLUID CHARACTERISTICS

OBJECTIVES

:1. To determine fluid density using measurement cylinder :2. To determine density od solids by using liquid displacement method :3. To determine specific gravity by using Hydrometer

THEORY : The mass per unit volume is defined as density. The unit used is kg/m 3. The measurement is simple in the case of solids and liquids. Density of substance, p = mass/volume = m/v (g/cm3 @ kg/m3)

The ratio of the density of the density of water usually 1000 Kg/m3 at a standard condition is defined as Specific Gravity or Relative Density dimension or unit is involved. Specific gravity, s.g = p substance/ p water

of fluids. This is a ratio and hence no

EXPERIMENT 1A APPARATUS: 1. Beaker 2. Electronic Balance PROCEDURE 1. Weight a clean, dry 100-mL beaker 2. Remove it from balance and add 50 mL of water. (carefully observe the bottom of the meniscus). 3. Reweight the beaker now containing water. 4. Calculate the mass of the water and the density of the water using the density equation.

RESULT ITEM Mass of cylinder (Kg) Mass of cylinder + fluid (Kg) Mass of fluid (Kg) Fluid volume (m3) Fluid temperature Fluid density (Kg/m3) WATER 0.047 0.093 0.046 0.05 0.046 0.094 0.048 0.05 0.047 0.094 0.047 0.05 0.046 0.089 0.048 0.05 OIL 0.047 0.090 0.043 0.05 0.047 0.090 0.043 0.05

0.92

0.96

0.94

0.96

0.86

0.86

EXPERIMENT 1B APPARATUS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Spring Balance Eureka Beaker Beaker Blocks (Metal & Plastic) Retort Stand String

PROCEDURE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Weight the bloc by using the electronic balance. Fill the eureka beaker with water. (fill till it overflow) Set the apparatus as figure 1. Then, lower the arm of retort stand ties with the block gently until the blank sink. Water will be displaced from eureka beaker into the other beaker. Record the volume of the displaced water. Calculate the density of the water using the density equation. Repeat the experiment for the other block.

RESULT Item Metal block Mass of the block (Kg) Volume of displaced water (m3) Block density (Kg/m3) Water 2

Average

Table1.1 Item Plastic block Mass of the block (Kg) Volume of displaced water (m3) Block density (Kg/m3) Water 2

Average

Table1.2

EXPERIMENT 1C APPARATUS: 1. Mesuring cylinder 2. Hydrometer PROCEDURE 1. 2. 3. 4. Fill the 1000 ml measuring cylinder with water. Place the hydrometer gently into the cylinder. Record the reading at hydrometer. (carefully observe the bottom of the meniscus). Repeat the experiment using oil.

Item Water Oil

1 0.992 0.908

Specific gravity 2 0.992 0.908 Table 1.3

Average 0.992 0.908