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Solution Submission Form
My Solution:
"PLA films with thickness of 8-510 microns have been obtained from commercial
film casting equipment and can be difficult to process into film due to instability at
elevated processing temperatures controlling the polymer composition as well as adding
stabilising or catalysing-destablising agents." - taken from the webpage on google book
on the market report on biodegradable polymers
In what I've read these past few days, all material written on the use and nature of
polymer compounds in use for plastics or to play the role of these biodegradable
materials, polymer molecular weight plays a role in it's processability polymer
morphology is important and so is the attributes related to it. Semi-crystalline PLA is
suitable for processing into films with desirable barrier properties. Most common PLA
uses in these plastics use less than 15% meso-lactide and the remaining weight l-lactide
in lieu of plasticising agents such as dioctyl adipate and nucleating agents such as talc
orientation during film casting or blowing or after it has been cast or blown. Types of
other methods for creation of films and usable material forms of polymers include heat
setting and "orientation during film casting" and these methods have been patented by
NatureWorks, however injection molding, which is being tested for use in nanocomposite
polymers in plastics used in optical products such as glasses and glass-substitutes is a
method that's fairly straight-forward as machining.
PHBV would be a better candidate for injection molding and PLA doesn't have a
fast enough crystallization rate to justify using injection moulding techniques.
Fiber spinning or biaxial orientation on the other hand when creating films used to
create products is more suited to the rate of crystallization that PLA and PLA associted
or based products presently in use and manufacture.
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Solution Submission Form
materials, usuallysilica or inorganics and isn't your standard material that you think of
as "clays".
which are not being used in injection moulding techniques gives a great advantage to any
producer that wishes to start using these technologies in a new way that others havent
considered due to additives such as celluloses (starches) and inorganic compounds not
producing a biodegradable product with the characteristics which are being sought.
Exact statistics are shown in the pictures in the .pdf file that these materials meet
therequirements you are seeking and your company will also be able to create more
products that are just as effective using slightly different materials using the technologies
described in this challenge solution.
All these compounds are relying upon montmorillonite and other nanoclays are
being used and MMT is prevalent because of the raw products to create it being readily
available thus leading to a reasonable price for MMT additives as used in common
polymer nanocomposites and polymer nanocomposite experimentation.
I know that PLA isn't a choice but the materials are getting better and hopefully
sometime soon you can use them. Instead, I'm stating that the solution you're looking for
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Solution Submission Form
is aliphatic polyesters used in nanocomposites, PBS and PPDO nanocomposites
technology are choices that meet your needs. PBS nanocomposites are available now for
the price you need from Showa Highpolymer of Japan. PPDO nanocomposites will be the
next technology that you should consider using when a commercial supplier begins
production. PLA, if it ever becomes ready for use in the packaging industry for more than
cold food and temporary products that more readily melt before the eyes than
function. PLA is available in grades that are much better from Cargill-Teijin Nature
Works but nanocomposites aren't carried. Though Koreean company EcoMassKorea
carries a PLA nanocompsite, it's not the same type of work and from what I learned is the
nanoparticles in that nanocomposite are mainly a filler material meant to cause PLA to
break up into smaller pieces of easie acceptance into environments when
degrading.Those technologies that are being most considered for application improve
these materials in biodegradability but still don't prove to prevent breakdown in normal
environments and on minor exposure to water , with time they seriously damaged and
become poroous. All the attributes I listed above, regardless of application are true, but
with any but the PBS produced by Showa Highpolymer, you won't achieve the results you
desire.
http://www.cheric.org/PDF/JIEC/IE13/IE13-4-0485.pdf
http://74.125.113.132/search?q=cache:64Q6HnkP9TkJ:www.cheric.org/PDF/JIEC/IE13/IE13-4-
0485.pdf+nanotechnology+biodegradable+polymer&cd=20&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
http://www.faqs.org/patents/app/20080214702
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Solution Submission Form
http://books.google.com/books?id=Jtt2MFkYiP0C&pg=PT19&lpg=PT19&dq=PLA+compost+aliphatic+
polyester+days&source=bl&ots=NBNYV4Hz61&sig=4oA03btl9SjIcuHLiJkWh3joKbc&hl=en&ei=-
srCScXyLsTjmQea2MHwCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPT22,M1
http://www.tg-supply.com/article/view.html?id=14670
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=author:%22Pandey%22+intitle:%22An+overview+on+the+
degradability+of+polymer+nanocomposites%22+&um=1&ie=UTF-8&oi=scholarr
Cellulose acetate bio-plastic and clays use together to increase biodegradability in nanocomposites
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0032386106009104
Plastic nanocomposites with nanoclay in 2-10% of the mixture yielding up to a tenfold increase in
decomposition – Starch based nanocomposites
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/pi.1478
PHB problem solving to increase future use of PHB polyester over PLA polyester in plastics with
nanocomposite creation using nanoclays, solving brittleness in PHB (this may be used in many forms,
including the creation of injection mouldable PLA)
http://www.foodproductiondaily.com/Packaging/Biodegradable-PHB-with-nanoparticles-resolves-brittle-
problem
http://www.jgpress.com/inbusiness/archives/_free/001436.html
http://www.nanotechwire.com/news.asp?nid=5304
http://blogs.zdnet.com/emergingtech/?p=396
Nano-biocomposites
http://www.omnexus.com/resources/rdhighlights.aspx?id=22237
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Solution Submission Form
PCL starch blend polyesters reinforced by nanoclays
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/pat.816
http://74.125.47.132/search?q=cache:d8f3SxaUdTIJ:www.e-
polymers.org/journal/PAT2005ePolymers/page/Oral%2520Presentations/Section%2520D/Murakami_Atsus
hi.pro.373180524.pdf+biodegradable+plastic+nanoclay&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3367/is_10_46/ai_n29296038
http://www.stratek-plastics.com/index.php/nanoclays
http://stratekplasticlimited.com/index.php/nanoclays/57-nanoclays/85-nanoclay-ch-1-pa-i30p
http://books.google.com/books?id=t-
UsPQyHHGUC&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&dq=biodegradable+plastic+nanoclay&source=bl&ots=imjrncH8W
K&sig=8NIACjvGOS8bIFiEV22hha721Uo&hl=en&ei=UdLDSfX-
IcGGtges0ODKCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result
http://www.ceramicindustry.com/Articles/Column/BNP_GUID_9-5-2006_A_10000000000000158022
http://resources.bnet.com/topic/nanoclay.html
https://www.inventables.com/technologies/biodegradable-disposables
http://www.springerlink.com/index/28830528532L8U38.pdf
http://www.reade.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=597&Itemid=10
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Solution Submission Form
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/jws/pi/2004/00000053/00000010/art00002?crawler=true
https://engineering.purdue.edu/ChE/AboutUs/Events/SeminarSeriesBiodegradablePolymerNanocomposites
Nanoclays in foam and plastics use: "Polymeric Foams: Science and Technology"
Lee, Park and Ramesh
http://books.google.com/books?id=7DMryMloSN4C&pg=PP21&lpg=PP21&dq=biodegradable+plastic+na
noclay&source=bl&ots=Dxsn0GGxyb&sig=1RDDPvpCudBzK4d_6NoZAD0FzIQ&hl=en&ei=uNPDSfeT
L8Lktge19qzJCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/am800020k
http://74.125.47.132/search?q=cache:hQuDu4Wgr88J:www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_lei00
2.pdf+biodegradable+plastic+nanoclay&cd=35&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
http://www.livescience.com/environment/071220-bio-plastic.html
http://www.freshpatents.com/Biodegradable-polymeric-nanocomposite-compositions-particularly-for-
packaging-dt20070215ptan20070037912.php
Page, Information pertaining to biodegradable plastics, pdf format in html thanks to google
http://74.125.47.132/search?q=cache:hQuDu4Wgr88J:www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_lei00
2.pdf+biodegradable+plastic+nanoclay&cd=35&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
News article about glass fibers and replacing such technologies with nanocomposites
http://www.dailycardinal.com/article/4466
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