Professional Documents
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away from the centers of production, the transport of the material more expensive cost of construction; in other situations is limited availability of materials and equipment (ovens) to manufacture elements of quality; Likewise the advantageous use of local resources, you may consider with criteria of environmental impact. A cell, material not harmful to the environment, light that serves as a construction material and also has thermal, acoustic insulation and resistance to fire and termites. You can compensate for the higher cost of material by lower costs of labor, finish, maintenance and energy. The absence of added thickness and the effect of bearing produced by materials provide a good consistency to the concrete cell. The vibration is not required when empty, since the concrete cellular system is evenly distributed and fills all the spaces with the same density in the element. It is a good ecological choice in terms of production, construction, recycling and quality issues. By altering the proportions it can be produced by manipulating the values of isolation and compressive, that makes concrete more versatile cell. Because it is lightweight and easy to work, saves time and reduces waste and energy used. In all these situations is that he considers the use of blocks of concrete cell as an alternative to cheaper housing safe and satisfactory quality. Then we will do a brief description of the topics addressed in this research: Chapter I, light concrete, easily describes what are the concrete called light or low density, how you can get these with the methods described. We can also see the chemical reactions that lead to the formation of gas which are incorporated into the concrete. Composition of the concrete cell Binder + chemical or foaming agent + mixed water + additive + added fine Manufacture of concrete cellular The method of aluminum or zinc powder is the most common, after that paste is obtained.
Chapter II, characteristics of the materials, the materials that are used to prepare the concrete cell is described in this part. Starting with Portland cement, aggregates and gas forming agent, we refer to the aluminum dust. Characteristics of each material, standards and recommendations. Chapter III, normal concrete and concrete cell. In this chapter will be a description of the properties of the fresh concrete, citing the workability, consistency, etc. To determine the performance of the workability of the concrete in fresh State, have developed multiple devices, the most common of them being the Abrams Cone, can also use
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NTP 339.085 shaking table, which is very simple; determines the diameter of the "cake" formed by concrete. The amount of mixing water should be which produces a flow of 110 5% then of 15 hits in 15 seconds in the flow table. The hardened concrete with the following properties such as impermeability, durability, heat resistance, resistance to compression, etc. In the part of the concrete cell dosage. Materials involved and recommendations. Description of the trials to the concrete, as that of workability is a brief description of the implementation and results. Pictures of the different batches for the preparation of concrete cell, variations in volumes of materials and the impact on the properties in the concrete cell are presented. Finally, we will observe the final batch (batch A14) for the particular chosen cell which meets the requirements of the Peruvian technical standard. Description of the tests (1) Materials used for the manufacture of concrete cellular are cement, sand, lime, aluminum and water. (2) Was drawn up concrete cell in cubic moulds of 5cm of side getting the concrete cell in fresh and hardened properties, measuring its workability in the flow table to find the amount of water in each batch. Also compressive strength was measured at 7 days and guiding us tables estimated its strength at 28 days. (3) Once we got the batch of concrete cell that meets the requirements of endurance and workability, produce 90 concrete cell blocks approximately for verifying the quality, through essays that designates the Peruvian technical standard with regard to resistance and workability. Chapter IV, the concrete cell blocks. Technical standard quoted Peruvian 399.600, standard for non-structural use concrete blocks. The Peruvian Technical standard 399.602 which gives strength to the blocks of concrete requirements. Peruvian technical standard 339.602. Masonry units.
Mpa compression strength. With respect to the average gross area Average of 3 units Individual unit 7 6
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Procedures for manufacturing are requirements. The manufacture of concrete cellular, elaboration of concrete cell, since the dosage, mixed, molded, cured, dried, and storage. Chapters V, study of mortar for masonry units. The effect of mortar as glue will be to unite the masonry units. The functions of the mortar. Properties of mortar in fresh and hardened state. Cites the Peruvian technical standard 399.607, on standard specification for aggregates for masonry mortar. Compression testing, describes the trial to undergo compression test of mortar 5cm cubes. Displays the used mortar result box. Chapter VI, cellular concrete masonry units. Peruvian technical standard 399.604 indicates the tests that must be performed to concrete masonry units. Test of axial compression on blocks of concrete Peruvian technical standard 399.602, strength requirements. Results of the trial. Absorption test of masonry, maximum absorption units. 399.602 NTP. Results of the trial. Suction test. Unit weight test. And finally the thermal conductivity test applied to masonry units. Results of the tests. Chapter VII, batteries and walls. This chapter consists basically of the tests made to piles of concrete cellular resistance in compression as quoted by NTP 399.605, trials of direct court in masonry units. Results of trials testing of diagonal compression in walls of masonry, NTP 399.621. Chapter VIII, analysis of costs and benefits. Pictures of costs of concrete cell blocks. Cost per m 2 of wall clay brick and concrete cell. PICTURE: COST OF MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE CELLULAR BLOCK MATERIALS CEMENT CAL FINE SAND ALUMINUM WATER LABOR OPERATOR PAWN 0.025 0.025 HH/block HH/block 10.13 8.25 0.25 0.21 QUANTITY 0.13 0.038 0.00233 0.04 0.00283 BLS/block BLS/block M3/block kg/block M3/block PU 15.72 6 28 0.5 5 TOTAL 2.04 0.23 0.07 0.02 0.01
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Chapter IX, technical analysis. It defines some technical aspects of the specific cell. Pictures of contribution of materials, workmanship of the concrete cell and other materials. We will mention the selected dosage of concrete cell manufactured in the laboratory. This selection was carried out through a process of tests already referred to in chapter III, which began by evaluate several characteristics of the concrete cell found in laboratory and noting their characteristics that result, according to changes made due to batching different materials, such as cement, sand, lime, water local materials and Aluminum powder got the carpentry of aluminum industry waste. Highlighting the most important features in the manufacture of concrete cellular the following. PICTURE: DEVELOPMENT OF CELLULAR CONCRETE BLOCKS 40X20X7cm block (0.0056 m3 = Vcement + Vcal + Vfine sand) Cement: 2 Sand: 0.5 Cal: 1 Water: Aluminum: 5.54 1.14 1.78 3.58 0.0533 kg kg kg l kg
Force compression
kg 14400
MATERIAL Common/solid brick masonry Masonry bricks silicos calcareous Hollow bricks masonry Masonry concrete blocks Masonry with concrete cell
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Unit masonry Current brick 6 x 12 x 25 Brick King Kong 10 x 15 x 25 10 X 20 x 40 concrete blocks 7 X 20 x 40 concrete cell blocks
Yields Pawn 0.42 0.37 0.34 0.27 Mason 0.84 0.74 0.67 0.53
Designation Number of elements per m2 of wall Weight per m2 of wall Mixing of mortar m2 of wall
Hollow concrete blocks 40 x 20 x 15 cm 12.5 150 to 250 kg according to the aggregate 0.010 m3
Conclusions
The advantages of having materials with low density (1550 kg/m3); for example, reduce dead loads, speed of construction, lower costs of transport and scree slopes. In the event of claims, the removal of debris would be much faster, thanks to the reduction of the weight of the material, up to 25% lighter than normal blocks of concrete. The performance of labor is 15m2 per day, due to the lower number of movements needed to raise a square meter. Achieved increase performance per m2 of constructed wall, by 30% compared to clay bricks, and 20% as regards concrete blocks conventional. Fine sand must be used for the manufacture of concrete cellular, is done to decrease the weight of the block, and gives greater stability in the cell structure, giving rise to the formation of more uniform air cells.
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