EE 733

Assignment 1 - Crystal Structure

Due date: 9 August 2013, 5:00 pm Total marks: 46 1. Consider a simple cubic lattice with unit cell length indices of a plane that makes intercepts of lengths along the

a. Find 1.5a, 1.5a

the Miller and

0.75a

x, y

and

axes respectively. (1 mark)

2. A set of identical spheres of radius ing fraction of the arrangement is

are arranged in such a manner that

their centres form a simple cubic lattice of unit cell length

a.

If the pack-

25%,

nd the distance between two

neighbouring spheres in terms of the unit cell length

a.
(2 marks)

3. For hexagonal crystals, Miller indices for planes are of the form Fundamentals by Robert F. Pierret. Prove that

(hkil).

Refer to the last paragraph of section 1.2.5 of Advanced Semiconductor

h + k + i = 0.
(3 marks)

4. A Si wafer tends to cleave along of the wafer and

{111}

planes if sucient stress is applied

to the surface of the wafer. If pressure is applied to a point on the surface

{111}

plane cleavage occurs through the pressure point,

into how many pieces at maximum will the wafer break? (2 marks) 5. A cylindrical Si ingot is produced whose axis is oriented in the rection. forming a

[001]

di-

A at is subsequently machined along the side of the cylinder

wafers whose surfaces are

(110) plane as shown in the gure. A research program requires (112) planes. Indicate how the ingot must be

sawed to achieve the desired wafers.

(2 marks) 6. (a) Show that reciprocal lattice of BCC is FCC. (b) Show that the reciprocal lattice of a reciprocal lattice gives a direct lattice. (3 + 3 = 6 marks) 7. Consider the

(hkl)

plane in direct lattice of a crystal structure.

(a) Prove that the reciprocal lattice vector perpendicular to this plane.

G = hb1 + k b2 + lb3

is

(b) Prove that the distance between two adjacent parallel planes of the lattice is

d (hkl) =

2 |G| .

(c) Show for a simple cubic lattice that

d2 =

a2 h2 +k2 +l2 .
(4 + 4 + 3 = 11 marks)

8.

c (a) Show that the ideal a ratio for a hexagonal closed pack structure 8 (hcp) is 3 . Assume that the atoms touch each other.
(b) Sodium transforms from BCC to HCP at about 23K. Assuming that density remains xed throughout the transition, nd the lattice constant

ah

of the hexagonal phase in terms of the lattice constant

ab

of

the cubic phase. Use the

c a ratio from the previous question.

(4 + 3 = 7 marks)

9. Hard spheres of radius

are arranged in contact in simple cubic, bodyFind the radius

centred cubic, and face-centred cubic structures. structures. Take lattice constant as

of

the largest sphere which can t into the largest interstice in the several

a.

[Hint: In case of the BCC and FCC

structures, there are two types of interstices: octahedral and tetrahedral. You are expected to to nd the radii of both spheres - the one that can t in the octahedral interstice and the one that can t in the tetrahedral interstice - as part of your steps to identify the largest sphere.] (2 + 5 + 5 = 12 marks)