Soft Handover Performance study in the Direct Sequence WCDMA Radio network Simulator

Author: Yang Fang / Communication Laboratory Supervisor: Instructor: Professor Sven-Gustav Hggman PH.D Michael Hall

Table of Content
Handover Introduction NETSIM Introduction
NETSIM Structure and modules Introduction Channel Simulator Network Simulator

Soft Handover algorithms Introduction

Window-average algorithm Real-time algorithm

Simulation result and Performance study Drop call trace tool Future work

Handover Introduction

Handover Introduction

Handover Introduction ---

Interfrequency Handover

Handover Introduction ---

Intrafrequency Handover

Handover Introduction ---

Intersystem Handover

Handover Introduction ---

Soft Handover

Handover Introduction ---

Softer Handover

NETSIM Introduction

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NETSIM Introduction
NETSIM - simulation tool for study of planning methods and control
algorithm for WCDMA cellular Radio Network

Platform: Unix Language: C NETSIM can simulate: Voice and data service, packet switched traffic,
circuit switched traffic, different user behavior, Radio network control functions (HO, Admission, Power Control)

Simulation result:

System capacity as a function of traffic, performance of network control algorithm, etc.

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NETSIM Structure and Modules --- Structure

Traffic Model Network Model

WCDMA Simulation
Network Simulator

1. Uplink algorithm; 2. Downlink algorithm; 3. Access Control 4. Admission control; 5. Soft handover 6. Power control

Channel Simulator

Network Performance Analysis

NETSIM
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Channel Simulator of NETSIM

Current version using Raytracing model Impulse response is
h(t ) = a k (t t k ) exp( j k )
K 1 k =0

Advantage: Model considered as accurate Disadvantages: Computing intensive (large Memory and long simulation time required)
Map of simulation environment

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Network Simulator of NETSIM

Traffic Model Network Model

WCDMA Simulation
Network Simulator

1. Uplink algorithm; 2. Downlink algorithm; 3. Access Control 4. Admission control; 5. Soft handover 6. Power control

Network Performance Analysis

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NETSIM Structure and Modules --- Modules

Initialization Module Generation Module Traffic Module Mobility Module Propagation Module Interference Module Average Module Access Module Admission Module Active set Module Quality Module Power Module Base Station Radio Channel

Mobile Station

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Soft Handover algorithms Introduction

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Handover Introduction ---

Soft Handover

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Soft Handover algorithm Introduction

--- Window-average algorithm
T T
Measurement Quantity CPICH 1

As_Th + As_Th_Hyst

AS_Th AS_Th_Hyst

As_Rep_Hyst

CPICH 2

CPICH 3

Time Event 1A Add Cell 2 Event 1C Replace Cell 1 with Cell 3 Event 1B Remove Cell 3

Cell 1 Connected

Figure of window-average algorithm from 3GPP 25.922_3/02

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Soft Handover algorithm Introduction

--- Window-average algorithm flow chart
B e g in

M e a s _ S ig n > B e st _ S s A s_ T h a s_ T h _ H y st fo r a p e r io d o f T Y es

No (E ve n t 1B )

R e m o v e W o r s t_ B s in th e A c tiv e S e t

M e a s_ S ig n > B e st _ S s A s _ T h + a s_ T h _H y st fo r a p e r io d o f T No

Y es (E v e n t 1 A )
A c tiv e S e t F u ll Y es No

B e st _ C a n d _ S s > W o r st _ O ld _ S s + A s_ R e p _ H y s t f o r a p e r io d o f T No Y es (E ve n t 1 C )
A d d B e s t B S in A c tiv e S et a n d R em ove W orst B s fr o m th A c tiv e S e t

A d d B e s t_ B s in t h e A c tiv e Set

Flow chart of window-average algorithm from 3GPP 25.922_3/02

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Parameters for Window-average algorithm

Parameters:
AS_Th AS_Th_hyst AS_Rep_hyst HO_Add_time HO_Drop_time Threshold of Marco-diversity gain in Window-average algorithm Hysteresis of AS_Th Replacing Hysteresis in Window-average algorithm Evaluating window size to add candidate to active set list Evaluating window size to drop one from active set list

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Soft Handover algorithm Introduction

--- Real-time algorithm

Always connect to the cells with better or best signal quality Swap the cells in the active set frequently
Response quickly to the change of the communication channel No window to evaluate the receiving signal Soft handover gain is fixed (equal to the Marco-diversity gain)

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Parameters for Real-time algorithm

Parameters:
AS_3_ratio AS_2_ratio Marco-diversity gain when using 3 active set in the Soft handover procedure in Real-time algorithm Marco-diversity gain when using 2 active set in the Soft handover procedure in Real-time algorithm

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Simulation result and Performance study

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Performance study for different algorithms

--- Window-average algorithm (1-1)
AS active Threshold 3.98(equal to 6 dB)

AS active Threshold Hysteresis

1.58(equal to 2 dB)

AS active Replacement Threshold Hysteresis

3.98(equal to 6 dB)

AS active Handover add window size

0.5(second)

AS active Handover drop window size

0.5(second)

Group 1 Parameters set

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Performance study for different algorithms

--- Window-average algorithm (1-2)

Successful call vs. drop call (W indow size = 0.5 s, A S_Th = 6 dB, A S_Rep_Th = 6dB)
100.00% 90.00% 80.00%
Percentage (%)

Percentage of acting different radio links in the SHO procedure (W indowsize = 0.5 s, A S_TH = 6 dB, A s_Rep_Th = 6 dB)
100.00% 98.23% 99.17%

79.50%

79.19%

90.00% 80.00%
Percentage(%)

70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% AS=3 AS=2 Maximum active set size 20.50% 20.81%

70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 1.75% 0.03% AS=3 0.83% AS=2

Acting 3 radio link case in this simulation loop

Calls ended normally

Nr. of quality fail calls

Acting 2 radio link case in this simulation loop

Acting 1 radio link case in this simulation loop

Maximum active set size

Simulation result of parameter set group1

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Performance study for different algorithms

--- Window-average algorithm (2-1)
AS active Threshold 2.512(equal to 4 dB)

AS active Threshold Hysteresis

1.58(equal to 2 dB)

AS active Replacement Threshold Hysteresis

2.512(equal to 4 dB)

AS active Handover add window size

0.5(second)

AS active Handover drop window size

0.5(second)

Group 2 Parameters set

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Performance study for different algorithms

--- Window-average algorithm (2-2)

Successful call vs. Drop call (W indow size = 0.5 s, A S_Th = 4 dB, A S_Rep_Th = 4 dB )
100.00% 90.00% 80.00% Percentage (%) 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% AS=3 AS=2 Maximum Active set size 20.78% 18.35%
Calls ended normally
Nr. quality failures ul

Percentage of acting different radio links case in SHO procedure (Window size = 0.5 s, AS_Th = 4 dB,A S_Rep_Th = 4 dB)
100.00% 99.31% 98.97%

79.22%

81.65%

90.00% 80.00%

Percentage (%)

70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 0.69% 0.01% AS=3 1.03% AS=2

Acting 3 radio link case in this simulation loop

Acting 2 radio link case in this simulation loop

Acting 1 radio link case in this simulation loop

Maximum Active Set size

Simulation result of parameter set group2

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Performance study for different algorithms

--- Window-average algorithm (3-1)
AS active Threshold 2.512(equal to 4 dB)

AS active Threshold Hysteresis

1.58(equal to 2 dB)

AS active Replacement Threshold Hysteresis

2.512(equal to 4 dB)

AS active Handover add window size

0.1(second)

AS active Handover drop window size

0.1(second)

Group 3 Parameters set

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Performance study for different algorithms

--- Window-average algorithm (3-2)
Successful calls vs. Drop calls (W indowsize = 0.1 s A S_Th = 4dB, A S_Rep_Th= 4 dB)
90.00% 80.00% 70.00% Percentage (%)
Percentage (%)

Percentage of acting different radio links case (W indow size = 0.1 s A S_Th = 4dB, A S_Rep_Th= 4 dB)
120.00% 100.00% 80.00% 60.00% 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% 1.96% 0.07% AS=3 3.18% AS=2 97.97% 96.82%
Acting 3 radio link case in this simulation loop
Acting 2 radio link case in this simulation loop
Acting 1 radio link case in this simulation loop

80.95% 72.83%

60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% AS=3 AS=2 M axim umactive s et s ize 27.17% 19.05%
C alls ended norm ally
N r. quality failures ul

Maximum active set size

Simulation result of parameter set group3

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Performance study for different algorithms

--- Window-average algorithm summary(1)
Com parison table of successful calls and drop calls (Maxim umA ctive set size is 3)
90.00% 80.00% 70.00% Percentage
Percentage

Percentage of acting different radio links case w ith different param eters sets (Maxim umactive set size is 3)
120.00%

79.50%

79.22% 72.83%

100.00% 80.00% 60.00% 40.00% 20.00% 0.00%

98.23%

99.31%

97.97%
Acting 3 radio link case in this sim ulation loop
Acting 2 radio link case in this sim ulation loop
Acting 1 radio link case in this sim ulation loop

60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% WS = 0.5; As_T h= 6db WS = 0.5; As_T h= 4db WS = 0.1; As_T h= 4db 27.17% 20.50% 20.78%
Calls ended normally
Nr. of quality failures

1.75% 0.03% WS = 0.5; As_T h= 6db

0.69% 0.01% WS = 0.5; As_T h= 4db

1.96% 0.07% WS = 0.1; As_T h= 4db

Different Parameterss ets

Different parameterss ets

Simulation result of different parameter sets of Window-average algorithm (AS=3)

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Performance study for different algorithms

--- Window-average algorithm summary(2)
Com parison Table of successful call and drop call (Maxim umactive set size is 2)
90.00% 80.00% 70.00%
Percenntage (%)
Percentage (%)

Percentage of actingdifferent radio links case w ithdifferent param eters sets (Maxim umactive set size is 2)
120.00% 100.00% 80.00% 60.00% 40.00% 20.00% 0.83% 0.00% 1.03% W S = 0.5; As_T h= 4db 3.18% W S = 0.1; As_T h= 4db 99.17% 98.97% 96.82%

79.19%

81.65%

80.95%

60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% WS = 0.5; As_T h= 6db WS = 0.5; As_T h= 4db WS = 0.1; As_T h= 4db 20.81% 18.35% 19.05%

C alls ended norm ally

Acting 2 radio link case in this sim ulation loop

Acting 1 radio link case in this sim ulation loop

N r. of quality failures

W S = 0.5; As_T h= 6db

D ifferent parameterss ets

D iffernt param eterss ets

Simulation result of different parameter sets of Window-average algorithm (AS=2)

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Performance study for different algorithms

--- Window-average algorithm summary(3)

Conclusion: The performance is a little better when the active set size is 2 In most time of the call procedure, the communication between the MS and BS only using one radio link Its difficult for find the optimal parameters set for the Window-average algorithm, we have to try a lot of parameters sets to get one better solution for the Window-average algorithm

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Performance study for different algorithms

--- Real-time algorithm simulation result
Successful call rate vs. drop call rate (Real-tim e algorithm )
100.00% 90.00% 80.00%
percentage(%)
Percentage(%)

Percentage of acting radio links in the sim ulation loop (Real-tim e algorithm )
100.00% 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 8.62% 4.09% AS=3 11.76% 87.29% 88.24%

99.11%

100.00%

70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% AS=3 Maximum Active s et s ize 0.89% 0.00% AS=2

Acting 3 radio link case in this simulation loop

Calls ended normally

Nr. of quality fail calls

Acting 2 radio link case in this simulation loop

Acting 1 radio link case in this simulation loop

10.00% 0.00%

AS=2

Maximum active set size

Simulation result of Real-time algorithm

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Performance study for different algorithms

--- comparison between two algorithms

Conclusion: The Real-time algorithm is better than Window-average algorithm The Real-time algorithm always adopt the better channel for the conversation. But the window-average algorithm need some average window to adopt the optimal link

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Drop call trace tool

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Drop call Trace tool

--- Network drop call situation in Time 510
Time:510
4
Rx value (dB) Value Drop call Nr.

Relatioinship between Base Station SIR and Drop call

2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 The 0 Base station -10.0525 000 00

1 00

2 000 00

1 000 000

The drop call in SHO with 3AS

-3.01484

The drop call in SHO with 2AS

The drop call in SHO with 1AS

The Base station's average SIR

-8.06245 -11.0327 The 1 Base station The 2 Base station The 3 Base station Base station The 4 Base station The 5 Base station -7.44165 -8.51664 -10.1732 The 6 Base station

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Drop call Trace tool

--- Network drop call situation in Time 520
Time:520

Relationship between Base Station and Drop call

001 2 2

Rx value (dB) Value Drop call Nr.

0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35

00 0

00

0 00

00

000

00 0

-6.78302

-6.90614 -11.7081

-5.74579 -9.8939 -14.02674

The drop call in SHO with 3AS The drop call in SHO with 2AS The drop call in SHO with 1AS The Base station's average SIR

-29.3006 The 0 Base station The 1 Base station The 2 Base station The 3 Base station Base station The 4 Base station The 5 Base station The 6 Base station

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Future Work

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Future work

More simulations with different parameters set are needed The Packet data service performance with different SHO algorithms is need to be investigated More drop call trace analysis tool need to be integrated in NETSIM

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Thank you!

Questions?

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