SPECIFICATIONS (Specs)

Exact statement of the particular needs to be satisfied, or essential characteristics that a customer requires (in a good, material, method, process, service, system, or work) and which a vendor must deliver. Specifications are written usually in a manner that enables both parties (and/or an independent certifier) to measure the degree of conformance. They are, however, not the same as control limits (which allow fluctuations within a range), and conformance to them does not necessarily mean quality (which is a predictable degree of dependability and uniformity). Specifications are divided generally into two main categories: (1) Performance specifications: conform to known customer requirements such as keeping a room's temperature within a specified range. (2) Technical specifications: express the level of performance of the individual units, and are subdivided into: (a) individual unit specifications which state boundaries (parameters) of the unit's performance consisting of a nominal (desired or mandated) value and tolerance (allowable departure from the nominal value, (b) acceptable quality level which states limits that are to be satisfied by most of the units, but a certain percentage of the units is allowed to exceed those limits, and; (c) distribution specifications which define an acceptable statistical distribution (in terms of mean deviation and standard Deviation) for each unit, and are used by a producer to monitor its production processes.

I.

Importance

Proper specifications are needed: to describing in detail the scope of work, materials to be used, methods of installation, and quality of workmanship for a parcel of work to be placed under contract; usually utilized in conjunction with working (contract) drawings in building construction to identify clearly how the contract requirements are to be satisfied to explain to any prospective clients that we know how to deliver what is expected (when we say, We get it, the functional specification is where it is defined) to give advice to project managers on how to run a project to get the project done with as little cost growth as possible to be more respected by the contractor and the guys in the field to have a foundation for mutual trust and respect, between client and contractor (If your specifications are good, and you and the contractor both know what they say) to protect your time, (and therefore your firms profit) because they tell the contractor how to do things in such a way that your review will be most efficient to know what to expect, and to know when somethings not quite right, or you know enough about it to be able to ask an intelligent, informed question, to figure out whats going on to safeguard to both the design team and the owners to assure a complete and functional project. to hold more legality than the actual drawings to allow timelines to be estimated upon with more accuracy to make development faster and meets expectations of an end product for feasibility studies and marketing analysis (It can be very costly to build a site that doesnt actually add any value to your business, and even more costly to then turn around and change fundamental aspects of your site once it has completed development.)

to envisage to a high degree what the final product would be like to determine to some degree of accuracy whether the project will succeed or not, and/or whether there will be a market or not. Specifications should describe the type and quality of every product required for the project. The specifications should describe the requirements for fabrication, erection, application, installation and finishing. Specifications should describe the quality of workmanship necessary for the project. This includes all phases of creation and installation starting with manufacturing, fabrication, and application, through installation, finishing and adjustment. Specifications should include any necessary codes and standards applicable to the project. The specifications should also include descriptions and procedures for alternate materials, products or services if necessary

* Transport - Goods * Cut - Metal Define the basic duties using quantities and units. Ex. * Flow 1000 M3 / hr. * Inlet Temp. 40.0 C * Inlet Pressure 2.0 bars * Outlet Pressure 20 bars. Check process conditions Ex. * Water composition * Alkalinity/Acidity * Solid content * Gas/water ratio. Operation conditions Ex. * Fixed / Variable duties * Variances * Site conditions * Reliability. Determine design features Ex. * Pump type * Driver type. * Protection systems * installation. Select Material Ex. * Serviceability * Availability * Manufacturing * Maintenance * Durability * Cost effectiveness Testing * Criticality * Mech. String test. * Performance test * Durability test. Code requirement - Basically listing the applicable codes and standards HSE requirement Ex. * Noise level * Personal protection

II.

Specification writing
Four important Cs for specification writing Be Clear: Avoid ambiguity, use proper grammar and chose precise words to convey the message. Be Correct: Present information accurately and precisely using proper terminology. Be Complete: Do not out important or necessary information. Brevity at the expense of completeness should be avoided. Be Concise: Eliminate unnecessary words but at the expense of clarity, correctness, completeness or grammar.

Define the basic functions using Verbs and Nouns Examples: * Pump - Water * Cool - Air

* Leaks / Vents * Safeguarding Customer needs Ex. * Service-life * Availability * Utilities * Painting * Dimensions * Weight Market requirements. - Consider your competitors, Customer expectation and market trends.

d) Review Q/C documents e) Audit Q/C procedure f) Certification

III.

Forms
Stand-alone specifications - Fully elaborated document contains all technical requirement. They requires extensive efforts to prepare and maintain with lot of repetition. Amendment to applicable standards - Brief document referring to the existing standards and specify changes as applicable Functional specifications - It is a statement of requirement

Manufacturing - The proposed design should be checked for ease of manufacturing i.e. the industry can realize the product at the most cost effective matter using proven technologies with minimum risk. Operability / Maintainability - The design should provide operation friendly product that will deliver its objective over the intended service life without any major break down or excessive frequent maintenance efforts. Quality Assurance Assess the supplier by requesting information on: a) Quality system b) Technical know-how c) Production capacity -Financial status Quality control -Specify the Q/C requirement in the requisition a) Periodic audits b) Inspection c) Witnessing tests

IV.

Outlines of specifications
Specifications do not include: Cost Quantity Drawn information It Includes: - Technical requirement. - Process - Design - Material Testing - Code requirement. - Health Safety and Environment. - Customer needs. - Market requirement. - Manufacturerability/Construct-ability. - Operability / Maintainability. - QA / QC requirement.

V.

Types/ classes of engineering specification

Petroleum Development Oman.

POD

a) International Standards - ISO Definition- Document, established by consensus and approved by recognized body, that provides. For common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristic for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in given context. Examples: British Standards. American Petroleum Institute. American Society for Mechanical Eng. Dutch Industrial Norm. International Standard Organization ISO BS API ASME DIN

d) Project / product specific - Document developed to define the technical requirements that apply for specific project or product. Examples: Abu Dhabi North East Oil development Rolls-Roys Cars. GE refrigerators. Masafi bottled water.

GROUP II Abansi, Melissa Bucsit, Jemailah Gabon, Katelyn Mallo, Mary Josephine Sicdoy, Judy Ann Talavera, Arianne

b) Industrial Standards - Document developed by a recognized international industrial organization operating in specific industry to formalizes polices and provide rules and guidance for the initiation, generation and maintenance of design and Engineering practices, learned over a period of time and resulted from diversified application. Examples: Shell British Petroleum Mobil Standards Exxon Standards

DEP BPS MS ES

c) Company Specification - Document developed by an operating company to provide technical guidance and recommendations based on the experience gained in the company, for specific operation, over a considerable period of time and in a specific geographical location. Examples: Gulf standard for cars Saudi Operation Specification.

SOS