Ingls 1

1st. Unit: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Subject Pronouns Verb to be (am, is, are) affirmative, negative, and interrogative. Wh questions Possessive adjectives Descriptive and qualifying adjectives Verb to have (have and has) affirmative, negative, and interrogative. Definite and indefinite articles Singular and plural nouns 2nd. Unit: 9. Prepositions of time (in, on, at) 10. Prepositions of place (next to, between, behind, in front of, opposite, across from, on in the corner of) 11. Demonstrative adjectives 12. There is / There are 13. Simple present 3rd. Unit: 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Present continuous Likes / dislikes Modal auxiliary (can) affirmative, negative, and interrogative. Adverbs of frequency Comparative adjectives Superlative adjectives

Subject pronouns
A subject pronoun is word that takes the place of a noun in the subject of a sentence. Whats a noun? A noun is a word that names a person, place, or thing. Whats the subject of the sentence? The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something. Examples:
Subject Marcia verb is complement. my sister.

She

is

my sister.

Subject Frank and John

verb are

complement. my brothers.

They

are

my brothers.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS Singular 1st. Person I 2nd. Person You 3 He She It

rd.

Plural We You Person They

Let's meet Peter Instructions: Read the following text, underline the personal pronouns, and make a list of the ones you found saying the nouns are being placed with them, such in the example: Hi! Im Peter. I am 7 years old and live with my parents in San Francisco. I am in the second grade. In the United States we call that elementary school. I love watching cartoons and playing video games. My favorite shows are Dora the Explorer and Sesame Street. I like them because they are fun to watch and teach you new things. I have a brother and a sister. My brother is 17 and he is attending his last year of High School. He loves sports and going to parties. He never takes me to any parties but sometimes he takes my sister and me to the beach. My sisters name is Jane. She is 11. She loves reading and playing soccer. She reads one or two books every week and watches every soccer game on TV. She gets into trouble at school all the time because she doesnt do her homework. She pretends to pay attention in class but reads her books under the desk. My parents sometimes make my brother help her with her homework. Very often he just does her homework for her so that he can go out with his girlfriend. I have a girlfriend too. Her name is Shenaaz. She moved to San Francisco with her parents from Lebanon. She is very pretty. She speaks French and Arabic and is learning English. She doesnt have her own books yet so we sit together in class and I shar e my books with her. On the weekend, she comes over and watches movies with me and my family. Her parents like her to spend time at our house because she can learn English with us. At home, they only speak French or Arabic. When I grow up I want to be a policeman and help catch criminals. My teacher says I will have to study hard so I will be smarter than the criminals. The cops on TV seem really smart, so I make sure I get all As in everything so I can be smart like them. My Dad is really smart too. He is a mechanic. He can fix any car in the world. He told me he had to study really hard too. If I dont become a cop, I want to become a mechanic and fix peoples cars. I guess I will have to stop playing video games so much and study so that I can be smart and help people when I grow up. I = Peter

Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Change the subjects of the sentences below by the correct subject pronoun. 1. Elizabeth graduated from medical school last year. _________ graduated from medical school last year.

2. The washer and dryer cost $450 each one. _________ cost $450 each one.

3. The pen was a birthday gift from Fred and Linda. _________ was a birthday gift from Fred and Linda.

4. Mr. and Mrs. Miller live in a new house. _________ live in a new house.

5. Richard is a cashier at a grocery store. _________ is a cashier at a grocery store.

6. Vicky and Ernesto washed the windows. _________ washed the windows.

7. The restaurant serves delicious Italian food. _________ serves delicious Italian food.

8. Corn, lettuce, and tomatoes grow well in California. _________ grow well in California. 9. The store didnt open today. _________ didnt open today.

10. The classes begin at 7:00 every morning. _________ begin at 7:00 every morning. 5

Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Choose the most appropriate subject from the ones below to replace the subject pronouns of the next sentences.

The mechanic

The bell

The secretary

The plane

The library

The restaurant

The musician

My wife

My desk

John and Sam

1. He repairs cars. ____________________ repairs cars. 2. It serves delicious food. ____________________ serves delicious food. 3. She types many letters at the office. ____________________ types many letters at the office. 4. He played in an orchestra last year. ____________________ played in an orchestra last year. 5. It is very old. ____________________ is very old. 6. It rang at 3:30 yesterday. ____________________ rang at 3:30 yesterday. 7. She is pregnant. ____________________ is pregnant. 8. They work in the same office. ____________________ work in the same office. 9. It opens at 9:00. ____________________ opens at 9:00. 10. It arrives an hour late. ____________________ arrives an hour late. 6

Verb to be in the present tense

The verb to be in English is called a linking verb; therefore, it may join the subject with adjectives, nouns, or expressions of place. Structures and examples: Subject + verb to be + adjective.

I am happy.
Subject + verb to be + noun.

She is a nurse
Subject + verb to be + expression of place.

He is in his house.
In English each personal pronoun has a form of the verb be, which you can appreciate in the board below. SUBJECT PRONOUN SIMPLE PRESENT OF THE VERB TO BE I am You are He is She is It is We are You are They are

STRUCTURES AFFIRMATIVE FORM

Subject She Subject She verb to be is complement. in the hospital. complement. in the hospital.

NEGATIVE FORM
verb to be not is not INTERROGATIVE FORM

YES/NO QUESTION
Verb to be Is Wh-question word Where subject she verb to be is complement in the hospital subject she ? ?

SHORT ANSWER
Yes, she is./ No, she isnt. ? ?

INFORMATION QUESTION ANSWER

In the hospital

With a partner read the conversations below and practice the pronunciation: A: Hello, My name is Ken. What is your name? B: Jack. How are you? A: I'm fine, and you? B: Great. Where are you from? A: I'm from Seattle. B: Where is that girl from? A: She's from Japan B: How old is she? A: She's twenty-six Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the conversation. Mary: Hello. My name ________ Mary. What __________ your name? Peter: Peter. How _______________ you? Mary: I _________________ fine and you? Peter: OK, Where _____________ you from? Mary: _____________________ from Ireland. 8

Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Underline the correct form of the verb to be. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. I (am/are) tired. Mary (is/am) very happy today. (Are/Is) you hot? (Is/Are) he a doctor? We (is/are) hungry.

Exercise No.3 INSTRUCTIONS: Write sentences such as in the example using the information provided, the corresponding subject pronoun, and form of the verb to be. She is Marcela. She is from Spain. She is Spanish. 1. Kim and Ken Saito Japan Japanese __________________________________________________________ 2. Carmen Salinas Mexico Mexican __________________________________________________________ 3. Sun Hee Parks Korea Korean __________________________________________________________ 4. Ivonne Dupont France French ____________________________________________________________ 5. Pietro Lombardi Rome Italian ___________________________________________________________ 6. Franz and Marz Schneider Berlin German ___________________________________________________________

7. Susan Boucher Toronto Canadian ____________________________________________________________ 8. Mali Wo Hong Kong Chinese ____________________________________________________________ 9. Ronaldo Luis Nazario Brazil Brazilian ___________________________________________________________ 10. Mary Evans England British ___________________________________________________________ 11. Kali Verma India Indian __________________________________________________________ 12. Britney Spears The USA American ____________________________________________________________ 13. Diego Armando Maradona Argentina Argentinian/Argentine __________________________________________________________ 14. Ricky Martin Puerto Rico Puerto Rican __________________________________________________________ 15. Use your own information: Who are you? Where are you from? Whats your nationality? ________________________________________________________________ 10

Wh-question words
These words are used to ask for different information. Depending on the information we want to obtain, a different Wh-question word is going to be used, as you can see in the next board: WH-QUESTION WORD Who What When Where Why How Which Whom Whose How much How many How long How far How often How old How do you What...do USAGE (to inquire about person or people) (to inquire about things) (to inquire about times) (to inquire about locations) (to inquire about reasons) (to inquire about manner) (to inquire about a specific member of a group) (formal objective case for persons) (to inquire about ownership) (to inquire about amount) (to inquire about number) (to inquire about duration of time) (to inquire about distance) (to inquire about frequency) (to inquite about age) (to inquire about method) (to inquire about occupations) (to inquire about activities) What...for How come (to inquire about reason) (informal: to ask for a reason) EXAMPLE Who is that? What is this? When will you go? Where will you be? Why are you crying? How did you do that? Which one was it? Whom do you seek? Whose are these? How much does it cost? How many are there? How long have you been here? How far is it to the station? How often do you come here? How old are you? How do you say it in English? What do you do? What did you do last night? What did you do that for? How come (I can't go)?

Further examples: Person: Who? / Who is she? She is Vianey. Action/ Object/ Occupation/ others: What? / What is she? She is a secretary. Place: Where? / Where is she? In the hospital. Reason: Why? / Why is she in the hospital? Because she is sick. Time: When? / When is the surgery? Tomorrow morning. Extension/ Manner/ Age/ Number/ others: How? / How is she? She is better now. 11

Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Match the following questions with its corresponding answer.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

What is your name? Where is your friend? Who is Sun Hee? What are your classmates like? Where are you and Luisa from? How are your classmates?

( ( ( ( ( (

) ) ) ) ) )

They are sad. She is my classmate. My name is Beth Hes in class. They are very friendly. We are from Brazil

Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete these questions. Then practice with a partner. 1. A:_________ is that? B: Oh, thats Miss West. 2. A:__________ is she from? B: Shes from Miami. 3. A:__________is her first name? B: Its Celia. 4. A:________ are the two students over there? B: Their names are Jeremy and Karen. 5. A:________are they from? B: Theyre from Vancouver, Canada. 6. A:_________ are they like? B: Theyre shy, but very friendly. Exercise No. 3 INSTRUCTIONS: Choose the correct Wh-question word to complete the following questions among these: What - When - Where - Why - Who - How alternative. 1) ................ are my keys? 2) ................ is the problem? 3) ................ is your favorite singer? 4) ................ is your birthday? 5) ................ old are you? 6) ................ is your telephone number? 7) ................ are you from? 8) ................ is your best friend? 9) ................ is your e-mail? 10) ................ are you? I'm fine, thanks.

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Possessive adjectives
A possessive adjective is used to indicate who owns the subject or object of the sentence. They are always followed by a noun or noun clause.

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PERSONAL PRONOUNS I You He She It We You They

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES my your his her its our your their

Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Read the following text and underline the possessive adjectives. Dear JACK Hello my name is Mike. Im a student at 19 May Pmary School. Im ten years old. We have got a big house. My house has got two rooms and a balcony. I have got a big family. My father is an English teacher. He is English. His name is Bill, My mother is a housewife. Her name is Amy. She sweeps home and cooks every day. I have got two brothers and one sister. Their names are Joe, Tom, and Mary. They are all students. I have got a dog. Its favorite food is meat. I love my dog too much. How about you? Hope to hear from you. LOVE MIKE. Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the following sentences by placing the correct possessive adjective according to the subject pronouns in the parentheses. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Where are (you) _______ friends now? Here is a postcard from (I) ________ friend Peggy. She lives in Australia now with (she) ________ family. (She) _______ husband works in Newcastle. (He) ________ company builds ships. (They) _______children go to school in Newcastle. (I) _________husband and I want to go to Australia, too. We want to see Peggy and (she) ________ family next winter. (We) _______ plants need more water. (They) _______ house is beautiful.

Exercise No. 3 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the sentences with possessive adjectives. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. He's from Spain. ___________name's Alberto. They're married. __________children's names are Lauren and Daniel. We're brothers. ____________parents are French. She's eight. _______________brother's nine. I'm British. _____________name's Peter. You're students. ________books are in the classroom. 14

Exercise No. 4 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the sentences with possessive adjectives. 1. My name is David Garza. Im from Mexico. ________ family is in Mexico City. My brother is a university student. _________ name is Carlos. 2. ________ name is Sun Hee Park. Im 20 years old. ________ sister is a student here, too. ________ parents are in Korea right now. 3. Im Elizabeth, but everyone calls me Beth. _______last name is Silva. Im a student at City College. _________ parents are on vacation this week. They are in Los Angeles.

Qualifying and descriptive adjectives

They are words used to describe places, things, and people appearance or feelings. Examples: Mexico is a crowded city. The blond girl is my girlfriend. The old car is my fathers car. happy thin healthy cheap hot polite weak small easy ugly jealous angry afraid good calm uncomfortable boring dirty short lonely handsome (male) neat rich sad fat sick expensive cold rude strong big difficult beautiful (female) upset ashamed bored bad noisy comfortable exciting clean tall confused ugly messy poor 15 lazy hard awful old near slow careful patient safe different heavy dark tired stressful spacious dry cloudy modern formal polluted full simple depressed hardworking soft amazing new far fast careless impatient dangerous same light light energetic relaxing crowded humid sunny traditional informal clean empty complex worried

The basic types of adjectives An opinion adjective explains what you think about something (other people may not agree with you). Examples: silly, beautiful, horrible, difficult

Opinion

Size

A size adjective, of course, tells you how big or small something is. Examples: large, tiny, enormous, little

Age

An age adjective tells you how young or old something or someone is. Examples: ancient, new, young, old A shape adjective describes the shape of something. Examples: square, round, flat, rectangular A color adjective, of course, describes the color of something. Examples: blue, pink, reddish, grey An origin adjective describes where something comes from. Examples: French, lunar, American, eastern, Greek A material adjective describes what something is made from. Examples: wooden, metal, cotton, paper A purpose adjective describes what something is used for. These adjectives often end with "-ing". Examples: sleeping (as in "sleeping bag"), roasting (as in "roasting tin")

Shape

Color

Origin

Material

Purpose

Some examples of adjective order Opinion Size Age Shape Color Origin Material Purpose A silly A Huge small young round red 16 English metal man bowl sleeping bag

Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Underline the adjectives within the following sentences. 1. The teacher gives difficult tests. 2. We saw an excellent movie on Saturday. 3. The polite boys carried the packages. 4. The man wore dirty clothes. 5. The noisy students disturbed the class. 6. The music gave me a terrible headache. 7. Jan bought blue wallpaper for his bedroom. 8. The old car needs oil. 9. The bakery makes delicious bread. 10. Kim works for a large company. Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Unscramble the words below to form adjectives.
1. tabeuiflu 2. ygul 3. taipnet 4. tefidefnr 5. sadr 6. susestrlf 7. nhasmoed 8. yaehv 9. fabomcerotl 10. itxiengc

Exercise No. 3 INSTRUCTIONS: Write one sentence with each one of the adjectives of the Exercise No. 2. 1. ________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________________________________ 5. ________________________________________________________________ 6. ________________________________________________________________ 7. ________________________________________________________________ 8. ________________________________________________________________ 9. ________________________________________________________________ 10. _______________________________________________________________ 17

Conversations

Where are you from?

David: Hello, Im David Garza. Im a new club member. Beth: Hi. My name is Elizabeth Silva, but please call me Beth. David: OK. Where are you from, Beth? Beth: Brazil. How about you? David: Im from Mexico. Beth Oh, I love Mexico! Its really beautiful. David: Thanks. So is Brazil! Beth: Oh, good. Sun Hee is here. David: Whos sun Hee? Beth: Shes my classmate. Were in the same math class. David: Wheres she from? Beth: Korea. Lets go and say hello. Sorry, whats your last name again? Garcia? David: Actually, its Garza. Beth: How do you spell that? David: G-A-R-Z-A.

Whats Seoul like?

Beth: Sun Hee, this is David Garza. Hes a new club member from Mexico. Sun Hee: Nice to meet you, David. Im sun Hee Park. David: Hi. So, youre from Korea? Sun Hee: Thats right. Im from Seoul. David: Thats cool. Whats Seoul like? Sun Hee: Its really nice. Its big and very exciting. Sun Hee: So. David, where are you from? David: Im from Mexico. Sun Hee: Really? What city? David: Mexico City. Sun Hee: Wow! Whats it like there? David: Oh, its a very interesting city. Sun Hee: Is it big? David: Oh yes. Its big. But I like it a lot.

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Verb to have in the present tense

The verb to have is an irregular verb that is used to express possession. It has two different forms that are going to be used according to the person we are talking about. These forms may be observed in the following board. Have

I have. You have. He has. She has. It has. We have. They have.

Example:I have a car, I have a house, or I have a book, which means that the person possesses a car, a house, or a book. Structures Affirmative form Subject Verb to have Complement I have a terrible headache. Negative form Subject Auxiliary verb not Verb to have Complement do/does He does not have a headache. She does not have a car. We do not have anything to do. Interrogative forms Yes/No Questions Short answers Auxiliary verb Subject Verb to Complement ? Do/Does have Do you have a sharpener ? Yes, I do. No, I dont. Does she have pets ? Yes, she does. No, she doesnt. Information Questions
Whquestion word What Why Auxiliary verb do/does does do Subject Verb to have have have Complement ? Answer ? A terrible stomachache. ? Because I was outside all day and it was very hot.

she you

a headache

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Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Look at the following picture and list the things that Lucy has in her house through sentences, such as the following sentence. (Use your dictionary if it is necessary). Example: Lucy has a bed in her bedroom.

1.___________________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________________________ 4. ___________________________________________________________________ 5. ___________________________________________________________________ 6. ___________________________________________________________________ 7. ___________________________________________________________________ 8. ___________________________________________________________________ 9. ___________________________________________________________________ 10. __________________________________________________________________ 11. __________________________________________________________________ 12. __________________________________________________________________ 13. __________________________________________________________________ 14. __________________________________________________________________ 15. __________________________________________________________________ 16. __________________________________________________________________ 17.__________________________________________________________________ 18. __________________________________________________________________ 19. __________________________________________________________________ 20. __________________________________________________________________ 20

Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Choose the correct form of the verb to have. 1. I_________blond hair and blue eyes. (have/has) 2. Ana__________a nice dress. (have/has) 3. Mr. Sanchez________two brothers. (have/has) 4. They_______two cats and three rabbits. (have/has) 5. The man_________next door a big house. (have/has) 6. The new supermarket_______everything. (have/has) 7. He_________a talented brother. (have/has) 8. He_________a new girlfriend. (have/has) 9. I________a French poodle. (have/has) 10. They________a new car. (have/has) Exercise No. 3 INSTRUCTIONS: Change the following sentences to the negative and interrogative forms. 1. He has long fingers. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. My school has many classrooms. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. My car has a good air conditioner. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4. She has beautiful hair. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. We have a new English teacher. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Exercise No. 4 INSTRUCTIONS: Make information question in order to have as answer the underlined information. 1. ___________________________________________________________________ I have a camera. 2. ___________________________________________________________________ They have many toys in the garage. 3. ___________________________________________________________________ He has a TV in his room. 4. ___________________________________________________________________ She has a terrible stomachache because she ate a lot. 5. __________________________________________________________________ David has a new bicycle. 21

Definite and indefinite articles

A/an shows that we are talking about one person or thing. A is an indefinite article used when we do not specify the object, and before a noun that starts with a consonant. She has a dog. I work in a factory. An is an indefinite article used when we do not specify the object, and before a noun that starts with vowels (a,e,i,o,u). Can I have an apple? She is an English teacher. The is a definite article used when we specify the object or person, and both the person speaking and the listener know what or who we are talking about. The car over there is fast. The teacher is very good, isn't he? The first time you speak of something use "a or an", the next time you repeat that object use "the". I live in a house. The house is quite old and has four bedrooms. I ate in a Chinese restaurant. The restaurant was very good. DO NOT use an article with countries, states, counties or provinces, lakes and mountains except when the country is a collection of states such as: "The United States". He lives in Washington near Mount Rainier. They live in northern British Columbia. Use an article with bodies of water, oceans and seas My country borders on the Pacific Ocean. DO NOT use an article when you are speaking about things in general. I like Russian tea. She likes reading books. DO NOT use an article when you are speaking about meals, places, and transport. He has breakfast at home. He comes to work by taxi. 22

Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Write a or an with the following nouns. 1. _____university 2. _____egg 3. _____dog 4. _____house 5. _____hour 6. _____idea 7. _____unicorn 8. _____cat 9. _____book 10. _____film Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Write the, a or an within the following sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Where are_________keys of my car? Where did you put _________butter? I have_________new classmate. Canada is_______big country. She is_________good engineer. Bring me_______purse that is on the sofa. Shut_________ door and turn off_________lights. He is_________interesting man. I have to buy_________new uniform. I have_________elegant dress for the party.

Exercise No. 3 INSTRUCTIONS: Fill in all the gaps, with a/an or the. The Fisher and the Little Fish It happened that ___________ Fisher, after fishing all day, caught only ________ little Fish. "Pray, let me go, master," said _____________ Fish. "I am much too small for your eating just now. If you put me back into the river I shall soon grow, then you can make a fine meal off me." "No, no, my little Fish," said _________ Fisher, "I have you now. I may not catch you in the future." "A little thing in the hand is worth more than a great thing in prospect." The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing ___________ Wolf found great difficulty in getting at the sheep owing to the vigilance of the shepherd and his dogs. But one day it found ____________ skin of a sheep that had been flayed and thrown aside, so it put it on over its fur and strolled down among the sheep. The Lamb that belonged to the sheep, whose skin the Wolf was wearing, began to follow _________ Wolf in the Sheep's clothing; so, leading the Lamb a little apart, he soon made a meal off her, and for some time he succeeded in deceiving the sheep, and enjoying hearty meals. "Appearances are deceptive." 23

Singular and plural nouns

Rules to form the plural forms 1. To most of the nouns we add s to make the plural form. Examples: car

cars

book

books

2. If the noun ends in ch, s, sh, or x , we add es. Examples: dish

dishes

watch

watches

bus

buses

box

boxes

3. If the noun ends with o we add es. Examples: tomato

tomatoes

potato

potatoes

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4. If the noun ends in consonant + y, we change y to i and add es. Examples: baby babies

lady

ladies

5. If the noun ends in vowel + y, we just add s. Examples: boy

boys

toy

toys

6. If the noun ends with e, we just add s. Examples: rule

rules

cage

cages

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IRREGULAR PLURAL OF NOUNS

However, most nouns have plurals formed according to regular rules, some nouns have unusual, or irregular plurals. Here, we are going to introduce the most common ones, so that you can learn them. Noun type Forming the plural Example

Ends with -fe

Change -f to -v then add -s

knife wife

knives wives

Ends with -f

Change f to v then add -es

half wolf

halves wolves

Ends with -us

Change -us to -i

cactus cacti nucleus nuclei focus foci

Ends with -is

Change -is to -es

analysis analyses crisis crises thesis theses

Ends with -on

Change -on to -a

phenomenon phenomena criterion criteria

Changing vowels

Change the vowel

man men woman women foot feet tooth teeth goose geese

Changing

Change the word

person people mouse mice louse lice die dice

Different endings

Add a different ending

child children ox oxen

Unchanging

Singular and plural are the same

sheep deer fish (sometimes) salmon moose

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Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Find the matching boxes. One word has no match.
1. child 6. teacher 11. Foot 16. man 21. oxen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 2.men 7.kiss 12. ox 17. foxes 22. lashes 3.shoe 8. mice 13. scissors 18. kisses 23. witches 4.fox 9. lash 14. teachers 19. girl 24. feet 5. girls 10. witch 15. children 20. shoes 25. mouse

It doesnt have singular form:

Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Underline the singular or plural noun according to the sentence. 1. The cat is sitting on my (bed/beds). 2. There are five (pencil/pencils) on my desk. 3. I have two (sister/sisters). 4. They are riding their (bike/bikes). 5. We have a (dog/dogs). 6. How many (book/books) do you have in your bag? 7. My mother has a new(computer/computers). 8. There are three windows in the (room/rooms). 9. Susan has four (poster/posters). 10. There is one (pen/pens) on the floor.

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Preposition of time at, on, in

They are used to indicate when something occurred. at: with a clock time: at 6:00 am with a particular time: at midday, noon, night, midnight, dawn with a particular time in a week, month, year: at the start/end of the week/month/year/weekend with a calendar festival season: at Christmas, New Year, Easter, etc. with a meal: at breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner, supper, etc. with a day of the week: on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, etc. with a particular part of the day: on Friday morning, Saturday afternoon, etc. with a particular date: on 25th. July 2001, 4th. January with a calendar festival day: on Christmas day, Palm Sunday, etc. with a part of a day: in the morning, the afternoon, the evening. with a month: in January, February, March, etc. with a season of the year: in Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter, Fall. with a specific year: in 1988, 1989, 1990, etc. with a specific century: in the nineteenth century. with a historical period of time: in the Dark Ages, Pre-historic Times.

on:

in:

Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Fill the blanks with at, in or on. 1. Its ridiculous. The bank closes _______________ 2:30 pm. 2. I normally phone my girlfriend ________________ 10 oclock every evening . 3. ___________ 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue. 4. I love watching the James Bond film_______________ Christmas Day. 5. Jim had a terrible journey to wales ________________ Christmas Day. 6. Were planning to go skiing __________________ Easter. 7. She passed her driving test __________________ March. 8. Some people study best _________________ high but I prefer the morning. 9. I hate doing the shopping ________________ Saturdays. 10. Valencia is too hot for me _______________ summer. 11. __________Sunday mornings I have coffee and toast for breakfast and read the newspaper. 12. Shes always very grumpy first thing_______________ the morning. 13. I hate going out _________________ the week. 14. We usually go out for dinner _______________ the weekend. 15. _____________ Wednesday evenings I go to English class.

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Prepositions of place
Prepositions of place show where something is located in relation with another thing. on sobre: The Bookstore is on Rosa e Silva Avenue.

behind atrs: The Hospital is behind the Pet Shop.

next to - al lado: The Supermarket is next to the Bookstore.

between entre (dos): The Toy Store is between the Music Store and the Restaurant.

in front of - en frente de: The Bookstore is in front of the Music Store. across from - del otro lado: The Bookstore is across from the Music Store. opposite - del otro lado: The Bookstore is opposite to the Music Store.

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around the corner a la vuelta de la esquina: The Pet Shop is around the corner from the Supermarket.

on the corner of en la esquina: The School is on the corner of Rosa e Silva Avenue and Amlia Street.

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Exercise. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Look at the map and complete the sentences with next to, across from, between, behind, and around the corner.

1. The police station is _____________________ the bank and the store. 2. The drug store is ___________________________ the police station.

3. The school is ___________________________ the restaurant.

4. The train station is ______________________ the school.

5. The drug store is __________________________ the movie theater and the post office. 6. The restaurant is ______________________________from the movie theather. 7. The school is ____________________________________ the post office.

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Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS : Find the mistake in each sentence and correct it. Note: More than one answers is possible.

1. The library is between the post office and the school. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. The school is next to the supermarket. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. The store is around the corner from the movie theater. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. The church is behind the movie theater. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. The hospital is between First and Second Street.
____________________________________________________________________________

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Demonstrative adjectives
In English the demonstrative adjectives are used to indicate specific items in relation to ourselves. this Singular noun near cercas these Plural noun those Plural noun that Singular noun far lejos

This house is big.

Those books are mine.

That dog is a really ugly.

These books are mine.

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Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Write the correct demonstrative adjective

THIS or THESE 1. _____________ book 3. _____________ house 5. _____________ parties 7. _____________ families 9. _____________ woman 11. ____________ jean 13. ____________ answers 2. _______________ horses 4. _______________ buildings 6. _______________ jeans 8. _______________ cake 10. ______________ men 12. ______________ child 14. ______________ teeth

Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the sentences with THAT or THOSE. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. __________ desk is mine. __________ answer is a good one. __________ questions are too difficult. __________ thing isn't nice to say it. __________ dogs bark all day. __________ dress is short. __________ birds sing in that tree every morning. __________ letter is for Jill. __________ windows are open.

10. __________ cars go fast.

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Exercise No 3 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the sentences with THIS or THAT.

1. _________ car is too small.

2. __________ kite is beatiful.

3.__________ apple is juicy.

4. _________ ball is new.

5.__________ book is mine.

6._________ computer is broken.

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7._________ tree is pretty tall.

8._________ tent is very small.

9. _________ TV is pretty old.

10._________ lamp is beautiful.

11. __________ sofa is very comfortable.

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Exercise No 4 INSTRUCTIONS: Select the sentences that correctly change the subject and verbs from singular to plural. 1. Is this cake ready? a) Are these cakes ready? B) Is these cakes ready? C) Are ready this cakes?

2. That blouse does not need to be altered. a) These blouses does not need to be altered. b) Those blouses do not need to be altered. c) Those blouses does not need to be altered.

3. Is that radiator working? a) Are those radiators working? b) Is this radiator working? c) Are these radiators working? 4. This picture is ours. a) Those pictures are ours. b) These pictures are ours. c) That picture is ours.

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There is/ There are

We use There is / There are to say that something exists (or does not exist). The real subject usually comes after There is / There are. There is: It is used with singular nouns or uncountable nouns. Examples: There is a new Chinese Restaurant in Mexicali named Pekin. There is milk in the refrigerator. There are: It is used with plural nouns. Examples: There are many Chinese Restaurants in Mexicali. There are three gallons of milk in the refrigerator.

Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Write there is or there are in the following sentences.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

______________a magazine on the floor. ______________four chairs in the room. ______________seven days in a week. ______________a drink in the fridge. ______________a magazine on the floor. ______________four chairs in the room. ______________seven days in a week. ______________a drink in the fridge.

Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Make questions using Is/Are there? and answer them. 1. tigers / Canada ____________________________________?_________________ 2. Penguins / Brazil ___________________________________? ________________ 3. a fridge / kitchen ____________________________________?________________ 4. a chair / bathroom __________________________________?________________ 5. lions / Uganda _____________________________________ ?________________ 6. a bus stop / your street ________________________________?_______________ 7. Elephants / Thailand __________________________________?_______________

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Exercise No. 3 INSTRUCTIONS: Look at the picture below and write affirmative and negative sentences using There is or There are.

There is or there are 1. __________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________________________________ There isnt or There arent 1. _________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________________________________

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Simple present
The present simple has several uses. The present simple tense is used to talk about: General truths and permanent facts. We use the present simple to talk about things that are always true. Regular and habitual events. We use the present simple to describe regular and habitual events. (I often look up at the moon and wonder what it feels like to stand on it). We often use adverbs of frequency when we talk about regular and habitual events. Adverbs of frequency: always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, rarely, and ever. Historical events. For important historical events, we often use the present simple to talk about a definite time in the past. (21st. July 1969 2.56am GMT: Neil Armstrong steps on the moon). Immediate communication about events. When Neil Armstrong steps on the moon he uses the present simple to describe it. Plot summaries and reviews. We also use the present simple tense to tell stories or to talk about the story in a book, a film or a play. The present simple tense adds dramatic effect to the narrative. (Do you remember the film, Apollo 13th Tom hanks plays the role of the mission commander, Jim Lovell). Works of art or activities of an artist. We use the present simple to talk about important works of art or the activities of an artist. The present simple emphasizes that they and their work are still relevant today. Fixed events in the future. We use the present simple to talk about events that are fixed in the future.

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To conjugate the verbs in the simple present you have to follow certain rules only with the third person singular (he, she, it). Rule No. 1: To most of the verbs add "s" to third person singular. Examples: Run play jump

I run. You run. He runs. She runs. It runs. We run. They run.

I play. You play. He plays. She plays. It plays. We play. They play.

I jump. You jump. He jumps. She jumps. It jumps. We jump. They jump.

Rule No. 2: Verbs ending in ch, s, sh, x, or z add "es". Examples: watch Kiss rush fix buzz

I watch. You watch. He watches. She watches. It watches. We watch. They watch.

I kiss. You kiss. He kisses. She kisses. It kisses. We kiss. They kiss.

I rush. You rush. He rushes. She rushes. It rushes. We rush. They rush.

I fix. You fix. He fixes. She fixes. It fixes. We fix. They fix.

I buzz. You buzz. He buzzes. She buzzes. It buzzes. We buzz. They buzz.

Rule No. 3: Verbs ending in y preceded by a consonant, change y to i and add es. Examples: Fry I fry. You fry. He fries. She fries. It fries. We fry. They fry. dry I dry. You dry. He dries. She dries. It dries. We dry. They dry. cry

I cry. You cry. He cries. She cries. It cries. We cry. They cry.

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The verbs "have" and be are irregular; therefore, they do not follow any of these rules to be conjugated. Have

Be

I have. You have. He has. She has. It has. We have. They have.

I am. You are. He is. She is. It is. We are. They are.

Structures Affirmative form: SUBJECT I He She It We You They

VERB play plays plays plays play Play play

COMPLEMENT videogames. the piano. volleyball. with its ball. soccer. American football. hide and seek.

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Negative form: SUBJECT

AUXILIARY VERB

NOT

MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM play play play play play play play

COMPLEMENT

I He She It We You They

do does does does do do do

not not not not not not not

videogames. the piano. volleyball. with its ball. soccer American football. hide and seek.

Interrogative form: AUXILIARY VERB Do Does Does Does Do Do Do I he she it they you we SUBJECT MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM play play play play play play play COMPLEMENT ?

videogames the piano volleyball with its ball soccer American football hide and seek

? ? ? ? ? ? ?

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Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the following sentences using the simple present in their different forms (affirmative, negative, or interrogative). 1. John ____________with Mary. (talk) 2. I __________television every night. (watch) 3. The children usually__________ to bed at nine o'clock. (go) 4. ___________everyday? (Richard read) 5. They __________to the theater very often. (not go) 6. I __________anymore. (not study) 7. I _____________ English very well, but I am studying to do it. (not speak). 8. I ___________in Valencia, though Im working in Madrid during the week. (live) 9. I ___________in a hotel, but I wish I could work in another place. (work) 10. She ________from Chile, though she _________ in New York right now. (come) / (live) Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Fill in the blanks with the correct simple present form of the verbs given.

1. I ____________ (read) a very interesting book now. 2. Joanne ____________ (work) eight hours a day. 3. Tonight we ____________ (watch) a play at the theater. 4. Mayra ____________ (know) him very well. 5. My wife ____________ (like) coffee for breakfast. 6. Your train ____________ (leave) at 17.25 from platform 3.

7. My whole family _______________(go) to church once a week.

8. My wife and I _________________(go) to the beach in the summer. 9. Rain seldom ________________(fall) in the Sahara. 10. Leap year __________________(come) every four years. 11. My grandfather ________________(grow) tomatoes in his garden. 12. The children ______________________(leave) for school right now. 44

13. The weather _____________(get) very cold in Moscow in the winter. 14. Many birds of Europe _____________(fly) south to Africa every winter. 15. The children __________________(leave) at 8:30 every morning of the week. Exercise No. 3 INSTRUCTIONS: Make affirmative sentences in the simple present using the information given. 1. (They / often watch TV) __________________________________________________________________ 2. (You / hate mushrooms) __________________________________________________________________ 3. (He / visit her grandmother every Christmas) __________________________________________________________________ 4. (We / use the Internet every evening) __________________________________________________________________ 5. (Michael / go swimming twice a week) __________________________________________________________________ 6. (Karen / hate waiting for the bus) __________________________________________________________________ 7. (Robert and Jimmy / want to go out tonight) __________________________________________________________________ 8. (You / usually stay at home on Fridays) __________________________________________________________________ 9. (I / love driving fast cars) __________________________________________________________________ 10. (We / often have parties) __________________________________________________________________ 45

11. (He / take a piano lesson every Monday) __________________________________________________________________ 12. (They / like watching French films) __________________________________________________________________ 13. (I / go to bed very early) __________________________________________________________________ 14. (You / always eat breakfast) __________________________________________________________________ 15. (We / often arrive late) __________________________________________________________________ 16. (She / live in Beijing) __________________________________________________________________ 17. (Dorothy / work in a school) __________________________________________________________________ 18. (He / read a lot of novels) __________________________________________________________________ 19. (the king / like his dogs) __________________________________________________________________ 20. (You / cook almost every night) __________________________________________________________________

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Exercise No. 4 INSTRUCTIONS: Reading comprehension activity. Read the text and answer the questions. A Special Christmas Present Danny wants to buy a Christmas present for a very extraordinary person, his mother. Danny's father gives him $5.00 a week pocket money and Danny puts $2.00 a week into his bank account. After three months Danny takes $20.00 out of his bank account and goes to the shopping center. He looks and looks for a perfect gift. Suddenly he sees a beautiful brooch in the shape of his favorite pet. He says to himself, "My mother loves jewelry, and the brooch costs only $17.00." He buys the brooch and takes it home. He wraps the present in Christmas paper and places it under the tree. He is very excited and he is looking forward to Christmas morning to see the joy on his mother's face. But when his mother opens the present she screams with fright because she sees a spider.

1. What does Danny want to buy his Mother? A. ? a special birthday present B. C. ? ? a Christmas present a spider ring

2. Who does Danny get his money from? A. ? his pet B. C. ? ? his mother his father

3. How much money does Danny take to the mall? A. ? $20.00 B. C. ? ? $5.00 $17.00

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4. What does Danny buy his mother? A. ? a ring B. C. ? ? a brooch a spider

5. What does Danny do with the present when he takes it home? A. ? he gives it to his mother B. C. ? ? he wraps it in Christmas paper he is very excited

6. Why does Danny's mother scream? A. ? because the present is beautiful B. C. ? ? because she doesn't like Christmas presents because she thinks she sees a real spider

7. Why does Danny buy a spider brooch? A. ? spiders are his favorite pet B. C. ? ? he loves Christmas to scare his mother

8. Where does Danny put the present on Christmas Eve? A. ? under his pillow B. C. ? ? under a spider under the Christmas tree

Exercise No. 5 INSTRUCTIONS: Circle the correct negative form to complete the following sentences. 1. He 2. She 3. I 4. Ron don't don't don't don't / / / / doesn't live in Mexico.

doesn't work in a bank. doesn't play golf once a week. doesn't listen to the radio. 48

5. We 6. You 7. My cat 8. His car 9. Rosy 10. I

don't don't don't don't don't don't

/ / / / / /

doesn't speak French. doesn't drink coffee in the morning. doesn't sleep at night. doesn't work. doesn't eat meat. doesn't understand you.

Exercise No. 6 INSTRUCTIONS: Make negative sentences using the simple present. 1. (I / not / like coffee) 2. (I / not / live in Paris) __________________________________________________________________ 3. (she / not / come from Spain) __________________________________________________________________ 4. (John / not / work in a bank) __________________________________________________________________ 5. (they / not / get up at eight oclock) __________________________________________________________________ 6. (we / not / go to the cinema every Friday) __________________________________________________________________ 7. (you / not / read the newspaper every day) __________________________________________________________________ 8. (he / not / go to school in France) __________________________________________________________________ 9. (we / not / watch TV in the evening) __________________________________________________________________ 49 I dont like coffee

10. (I / not / have a shower in the morning) __________________________________________________________________ 11. (she / not / drink tea every afternoon) __________________________________________________________________ 12. (they / not / visit their parents at the weekend) __________________________________________________________________ 13. (you / not / study English very often) __________________________________________________________________ 14. (it / not / rain here) __________________________________________________________________ 15. (we / not / go out on Tuesday nights) __________________________________________________________________ 16. (he / not / like cabbage) __________________________________________________________________ 17. (the sun / not / go round the earth) __________________________________________________________________ 18. (she / not / play the piano) __________________________________________________________________ 19. (I / not / smoke) __________________________________________________________________ 20. (Julie and Lucy / not / play football) __________________________________________________________________

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Exercise No. 7 INSTRUCTIONS: Fill in the blanks with Do or Does to complete the questions. 1. ______________ Peter go to school every school? 2. ______________ Lisa like lasagna? 3. ______________ she know much English? 4. ______________ he swim every morning? 5. ______________ farmers grow rice?

6. ______________ your sister write a letter? 7. ______________ he work in the office? 8. ______________ Marcos sing well? 9. ______________ schoolbag? they buy a new

10. _____________ the boys drink coca cola?

11. _____________ Roly work hard? 12. _____________ it fly in the sky? 13. _____________ the baby cry every night? 14. _____________ you sleep here? 15. _____________his father give him some money?

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Exercise No. 8 INSTRUCTIONS: Put the words in the correct order to make questions. 1. in / when / up / ? / morning / get / the / do / you
___________________________________________________________________________ 2. university / ? / sister / study / what / your / does / at ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. sport / play / does / any / she / ? ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. music / what / like / you / do / ? ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. magazines / read / any / you / do / ? ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. friend / live / town / your / your / does / best / in / ? ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. cinema / the / you / go to / do / ? ____________________________________________________________________________

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Present progressive or continuous uses:

1) Actions happening at the moment of speaking Peter is reading a book now. 2) Fixed plans in the near future She is going to Basel on Saturday. 3) Temporary actions His father is working in Rome this month. 4) Actions happening around the moment of speaking (longer actions) My friend is preparing for his exams. 5) Trends More and more people are using their computers to listen to music. 6) Repeated actions which are irritating to the speaker (with always, constantly, forever) Andrew is always coming late. How to form the present progressive: Structures Affirmative sentences: Subject + verb to be (am, are, is) + verb in the ing form + complement. as auxiliary verb I am playing volleyball. He/she/it is playing volleyball. We/you/they are playing volleyball. NOTE: Use am with I - is with he, she, it - and with all other pronouns are. We often use short forms in affirmative sentences in the Present Progressive. Im/Youre/Hes/Shes/Its/Were/Youre/Theyre Negative sentences: Subject + verb to be (am, are, is) + not + verb in the ing form + complement. as auxiliary verb I am not playing volleyball. He/she/it is not playing volleyball. We/you/they are not playing volleyball. NOTE: We often use short forms in negative sentences in the Present Progressive. Im not/You arent/He isnt/She isnt/It isnt/We arent/You arent/ They arent 53

Yes/No questions: Verb to be (am, are, is) + subject + verb in the ing form + complement + ? as auxiliary verb Am I playing volleyball? Is he/she/it playing volleyball? Are we/you/they playing volleyball? Interrogative questions: Wh- question word + verb to be + subject + verb in the ing form + complement + ? (am, are, is) as auxiliary verb What am I playing? What is he/she/it playing? What are we/you/they playing? Rules to make the ing form of the verbs 1. Add ing to most of the verbs. Examples: play - playing rest - resting jump - jumping 2. When the verb ends in silent e, you must drop out e and add ing. Examples: paste - pasting prepare - preparing hide hiding 3. When the verb ends in ie, you must change ie to y and add ing. Examples: tie - tying lie - lying die dying 4. If the verb ends in consonant, vowel, consonant, double the last consonant and add ing. Only if the syllable is a stressed one. Examples: mop - mopping swim - swimming begin - beginning

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Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the following sentences using the present progressive tense. 1. They _______________________ (study) at the moment. 2. When _____________________ (the plane/arrive)? 3. We _____________________ (not/work) in the office this week. 4. She _______________________ (watch) TV. 5. Tom _______________________(play) tennis on Friday. 6. What ________________________ (you/read) at this moment? 7. I ______________________ (cook) dinner tonight. Would you like to come? 8. _____________________ (it/work)?, I think its broken. 9. When _______________________ (you/meet) Jane? 10. He _______________________ (learn) German because he need it for his job.

Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Write the correct present continuous form of the verb in parentheses. Example: I_am_talking_(TALK) to you. 1. The train to Ventura california __________________ (leave) at 10pm. 2. I _____________________ (start) to understand the Present Continuous now. 3. Sue _______________________(dance) tonight. 4. Listen! Mike ___________________(knock) the door. 5. Ms. lopez ______________________(work) now. Exercise No. 3 INSTRUCTIONS: Unscramble these questions and write the verb in the present continuous.

1- in / the / Panchita / lake / swim?__________________________________________ 2- a / museum / she / visit ?________________________________________________ 3- her / teacher / Carmelita / wash ?_________________________________________

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Exercise No. 4 INSTRUCTIONS: Find which sentences on the right answer the questions on the left correctly. Rewrite them on the bottom.

What are you doing? Where is Panchita going? Do you get up at eleven? Where does your brother work? Are you fixing the tv? Are Pepito and Jose writing a letter? Does she work at night? When does Pancho go home?

No, I'm having dinner. She's going home. No, they are sleeping. At half past four. I'm going home. He works at home. No, I get up at 7AM. No, She works in the afternoon.

______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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Exercise No. 5 INSTRUCTIONS: Write your own sentences using the present continuous in the affirmative and negative form.

AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT
I am working. You are working. He is working. She is working. It is working. We are working. They are working.

NEGATIVE STATEMENT
I am not working. You are not working. He is not working. She is not working. It is not working. We are not working. They are not working.

1______________________________________________________________________ 2______________________________________________________________________ 3______________________________________________________________________ 4______________________________________________________________________ 5______________________________________________________________________ 6______________________________________________________________________ 7______________________________________________________________________ 8______________________________________________________________________ 9______________________________________________________________________ 10-___________________________________________________________________

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Likes and dislikes

There's a whole range of English expressions you can use to talk about how much you like or dislike something. If you love something "I love eating ice-cream." "I adore sun-bathing." If you like something a lot "She's fond of chocolate." "I like swimming very much." If you like something "He quite likes going to the cinema." "I like cooking." If you neither like nor dislike something "I don't mind doing the housework." If you don't like something "She doesn't like cooking very much." "He's not very fond of doing the gardening." "I dislike wasting time." If you really dislike something "I don't like sport at all." "He can't stand his boss." "She can't bear cooking in a dirty kitchen." "I hate crowded supermarkets." "He detests being late." "She loathes celery." The verb like and dislike can be followed by a noun. Structures Affirmative form: Subject+like(s)+noun. Examples: I like dogs.

She likes rabbits.

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Negative form: Subject+dont/doesnt+like+noun. Examples: I dont like dogs. She doesnt like rabbits. They also can be followed by another verb called gerund, so it has to have the ing form. Affirmative form: Subject+like(s)+verb in the ing form. Examples: I like singing. He likes dancing.

Negative form: Subject+dont/doesnt+like+verb in the ing form. Examples: I dont like singing. He doesnt like dancing. Interrogative form: Auxiliary verb+Subject+like+noun/verb in the ing form+? Do=I/We/You/They Does=He/She/It Examples: Do you like dogs? Yes, I do./No, I dont. Does she like dogs? Yes, she does./No, she doesnt. Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the sentences using like or dont like depending on the expressions of the happy faces. a. I ___________________ boys. b. I ___________________potatoes c. I ___________________dumplings d. I ___________________tepanyaki e. I ___________________orange rice f. I ___________________chicken noodles g. I ___________________carrot cake

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Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the following questions the using the interrogative structure for the expression like . Then, answer them with do, does, dont, or doesnt

1. ______you__________pork meat? No, I____________.

2._______he__________old cars?

Yes, he___________ .

3.________they__________big houses? No, they_________.

4._______she__________ cheese cake? Yes, she___________.

5.________you _________horses? No, I_____________.

Exercise No. 3 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the sentences using peoples names, tell them to your partners, and find someone who likes and dislikes

1. ________________ enjoys cooking. What...?

Do you enjoy cooking? What do you like to cook?

2. ________________ doesn't enjoy cooking. How often...?

Do you enjoy cooking? How often do you cook?

3. ________________ likes to listen to music. What kind...?

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Do you like to listen to music? What kind of music do you like?

4. ________________ doesn't mind studying English. Why...?

5. ________________ doesn't like studying English. Why...?

6. ________________ likes pizza. How often...?

7. ________________ hates pizza. Why...?

8. ________________ loves animals. Why...?

9. ________________ really likes to watch TV. What...?

10. _______________ really dislikes watching TV. How often...?

11. _______________ is thinking about a TV show right now. Which...?

12. _______________ likes his or her job. Why...?

13. _______________ doesn't like to exercise. Why...?

Can and cant

She can walk.

She cant walk.

Can is used to: Express possibility in the simple present. Examples: I can leave my car on the street without any problem. Can you do that? Express impossibility in the simple present if the negative form is used. 61

Examples: I cant learn Japanese. I cant smoke here. Express ability in the simple present. Examples: I can understand three languages. I can swim pretty fast. Ask for and give permission: Examples: Can I talk to you? Yes, you can. Can I go with you? Yes, you can. Offer help: Example: Can I help you? To make a request: Example: Can you give a hand? To give instructions: Example: When you finish that, you can wash the car. To make deductions: Examples: You cant be hungry. Youve just eaten. He was in San Diego one hour ago when I spoke to him. He cant be here yet. Note: There two negative forms, which are cant and cannot. Both means the same; however, cant is usually used when we are speaking. Structures Affirmative form: Subject + modal auxiliary + verb in the base form + complement. can Example: I can speak three languages. Negative form: Subject + modal auxiliary in the negative form + verb in the base form + complement. cant/cannot Example: I cant understand English. 62

Interrogative form: Modal auxiliary + subject + verb in the base form + complement. Can Example: Can I go to the movies with my friends?

Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the statements with can or can't. 1. Where________________I see a good rock concert? 2. Can Lisa speak French? - No, she__________________. 3. What_________________you do? 4. Can Lucy drive? - Yes, she________________. 5. Where________________I buy a new camera? 6._________________ you read in Portuguese? - Yes, I can. 7. Can I invite my friends? - Yes, they____________________come. 8.___________________ you help me, please? 9.___________________ you play the piano? 10. I_________________find my keys. Where are they?

Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the following sentences using can or cant. Use your common sense. Example: You can speak English. 1. Elephants _______________talk. 2. Dogs ____________________fly. 3. Elisa __________________ play the piano, but Cory can't. 4. Juan __________________ go on vacation. It's too expensive. 5. _______________________I borrow some money?

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Exercise No. 3 INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the following sentences using can or cant and the given verb

1) This week we _______________________shopping. (can/to go) 2) Maybe the Lopez_____________________a new house next year. (can/to build) 3) If you try again, you___________________your examinations. (can/to pass) 4) I______________________. (not/can/to swim) 5) Lupita_____________________the violin after four months. (can/to play) 6) Magui has passed his driving test, now she_______________a car. (can/to drive) 7) For five weeks I____________________ him by the phone. (not/can/to call) 8) Ruli____________his homework when his desk is in such a mess. (not/can/to do) 9) She is so busy that she_______________me a text message. (not/can/to write) 10) Ana________________her dress with a wet towel. (can/to clean)

Adverbs of frequency
They tell us how often an activity is carried out. If the main verb is the verb to be, the adverb of frequency is placed right after it. Structure Subject + verb to be + adverb of frequency + complement. Example: She is always late. If the main verb is any verb except the verb to be, the adverb of frequency has to be placed before it. Structure Subject + adverb of frequency + main verb + complement. Example: He never arrives on time.

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In the board below you will see the percents that correspond to each adverb of frequency. ADVERB OF FREQUENCY Always Usually Frequently/Often Sometimes Occasionally Seldom Rarely Never

PERCENT 100% of the time about 90% of the time about 80% of the time about 50% of the time about 40% of the time about 20% of the time about 10% of the time about 00% of the time

MEANING siempre usualmente frecuentemente a veces ocasionalmente casi nunca raras veces nunca

Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Rewrite the sentences placing in the right place the adverb of frequency. Example: I play tennis on Sundays. (often) Answer: I often play tennis on Sundays. 1) She listens to the radio. (often) _________________________________________________ 2) They read a poetry. (sometimes) _________________________________________________ 3) Juan gets angry. (never) _________________________________________________ 4) Erik is very friendly. (usually) _________________________________________________ 5) I take Nutra sweet in my coffee. (sometimes) _________________________________________________ 6) Ramon and Miguel are hungry. (often) _________________________________________________ 7) My grandfather goes for a walk in the evening. (always) _________________________________________________ 8) Griselda helps his father in the kitchen. (usually) _________________________________________________ 65

Exercise No.2 INSTRUCTIONS: Using your own information, complete the next sentences. Example: I often call my family. 1. I always__________________________________________________ 2. I often ___________________________________________________ 3. I sometimes ______________________________________________ 4. I don't usually _____________________________________________ 5. I never __________________________________________________ Exercise No. 3 INSTRUCTIONS: Write sentences using the information of the following board, the percents given, and the personal pronoun I; such as the following example: I always drink soda.
DAILY ACTIVITIES Example: drink soda. 1. wake up early. 2. arrive late to school . 3. brush my teeth three times a day. 4. have breakfast before going to school. 5. exercise. 6. eat chinese food. 7. go to the movies. 8. do the homework. 9. eat fruit. 10. eat vegetables. 0% 10% 20% 50% x x x x x x x x x x 90% 100% x

1. _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________________________________________________ 6. _________________________________________________________________________________ 7. _________________________________________________________________________________ 8. _________________________________________________________________________________ 9. _________________________________________________________________________________ 10. _________________________________________________________________________________

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Comparative and superlative adjectives

Comparative adjectives are used to compare two people, places, or things; while superlatives are used to compare more than two people, places, or things, they indicate which is the most of all. Examples: Comparative: Jos is taller than Ramn. (Jos es ms alto que Ramn.) Jos Ramn

Priscila is more beautiful than Sandra. (Priscila es ms bonita que Sandra.) Sandra Priscila

Superlative: Russia is the largest country of the world. (Rusia es el pas ms grande del mundo.)

That is the most handsome man I have ever seen. (Aquel es el hombre ms guapo que alguna vez haya visto.) In order to form the comparative and superlative adjectives we have to follow certain rules, which are shown below: One syllable adjectives Comparative: add er at the end of the adjective (cheap - cheaper) Superlative: add the article the before the adjective, and est at the end of the adjective (cheap - the cheapest) One syllable adjectives ending in e Comparative: add r at the end of the adjective (nice - nicer) Superlative: add the article the before the adjective, and st at the end of the adjective (nice - the nicest)

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 One syllable adjectives ending in consonant + vowel + consonant Comparative: double the last consonant and er at the end of the adjective (hot - hotter) Superlative: add the article thebefore the adjective, double the last consonant of the adjective, and add est at the end of the adjective (hot - the hottest) Two syllable adjectives ending in y Comparative: change y' to i and add er at the end of the adjective (happy - happier) Superlative: add the article the before the adjective, change y' to i and add est at the end of the adjective (happy - the happiest) Two or more syllable adjectives Comparative: add the adverb more before the adjective (beautiful - more beautiful) Superlative: add the article the and the adverb most before the adjective (beautiful - the most beautiful) Irregular adjectives do not follow any of the rules above. These are: good - better - the best bad - worse - the worst far - further - the furthest Note: The comparatives are often followed by than. Exercise No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: Write in the correct form of the adjectives in parentheses, this is comparative or superlative form. 1. My house is(big)___________________ than yours. 2. This flower is(beautiful)__________________ than that one. 3. This is the(interesting)__________________ book I have ever read. 4. Non-smokers usually live(long)___________________ than smokers. 5. Which is the(dangerous)____________________ animal in the world? 6. A holiday by the sea is(good)___________________ than a holiday in the mountains. 7. It is strange but often a coke is(expensive)__________________ than a beer. 8. Who is the(rich)__________________ woman on earth? 9. The weather this summer is even(bad)__________________ than last summer. 10. He was the(clever)____________________ thief of all.

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Exercise No. 2 INSTRUCTIONS: Look at the picture and make sentences using the comparative or superlative form. Trig and Family

Example: Superlative: Comparative: Mike is the heaviest. Trig is heavier than Kate.

1. __________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________________________________ 6. __________________________________________________________________ 7. __________________________________________________________________ 8. __________________________________________________________________ 9. __________________________________________________________________ 10. _________________________________________________________________

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