Professional Documents
Culture Documents
www.gfmt.co.uk
FEATURE
Modulation can gelatinize starch, sterilize and increase pellet quality (particle hardness and durability), which is related to feed intake. The moisture and temperature factors mainly affect modulation. Supplying moisture by steam can lubricate materials and reduce energy consumption. However, the amount of steam added should be restricted. Higher or lower modulating temperature makes pellet structure loose, increases pellet breakage ratio and pulverulent ratio and loses nutritional content. So discharge temperature of pig feed pellet should be controlled between 76 and 92 degrees Celsius.
should have substances like milk residue powder, added sugar, grease and also a certain of vegetable protein. Piglet feed pellets should mainly consider the energy and protein level. The level is between 20 - 25 percent and the coarse fibre content is under 4 percent. The feed pellets for piglets should contain balanced nutrition, with a soft texture and good palatability. The amount of digestive enzymes and their activity are radically reduced so the weaned piglets cannot entirely digest the vegetable protein which causes diarrhea. The increased PH value, which inhibits lactobacillus growth and stimulates the colon bacillus production also causes diarrhea. So feed pellets for weaned pigs should reduce diarrhea and increase survival rate and daily weight gain. Feeds should incorporate high-energy ingredients such as grains, fat and lactose. The grains must be ripened because they can improve digestion and absorption rate and reduce diarrhea. The easily digestible proteins such as bean pulp, whey powder and soybean concentrate protein are ideal protein sauces. Some antigen substances within soybean concentrate protein like glycinin and polymerization globulin cause brief allergic reaction in the early growth stage of weaned piglets. Even so, the feed ingredients must contain soybean protein to make piglets produce antiallergic ability.
Built by feed millers for feed millers. Equipped with the industrys most efficient drive system, the new Bhler pellet mill Kubex T saves up to 30% of energy while boosting line capacity to up to 80 tons per hour. With the Kubex T you save costs, reduce the release of CO 2 and make your operation even more productive. Gaining competitive advantages has never been easier. For more information please visit www.buhlergroup.com/kubex-t
Bhler AG, Feed & Biomass, CH-9240 Uzwil, Switzerland, T +41 71 955 11 11, F +41 71 955 28 96 fu.buz@buhlergroup.com, www.buhlergroup.com
FEATURE
Figure 1: Energy needs distribution for pregnant sows gain rate and meat quality. The proteins and amino acids of feed ingredients are used to stimulate the production of lean body mass. Research shows that greater energy intakes directly improve pigs protein and lean meat accumulation, the daily weight gain, feed utilization rate and the fat content. However, when the daily weight gain hits a certain degree, greater energy intake does not ensure an increase in lean meat. Greater or fewer trace elements may lead to metabolic disorders, slow weight gain speed, more feeds consumption and diseases or death. So the amount and proportion of amino acids, energy level, protein level and mineral elements should be considered.
Figure 2: Daily feed intake for pregnant sows From the table we know that the daily feed intake for pregnant sows should be reduced to 2.5 kg during the first 30 days so as to maintain the energy levels and reduce feed waste. Then feed intake is adopted according to the body conditions. In the later gestation stage, feed intake is increased to expand stomach capacity and meet piglet nutrition needs. In the last stages of pregnancy, feed intake reduced to 1.5 kg so as to prevent constipation before parturition. During the lactation period, sows may eat less which causes weight loss and influences lactation. So lysine should be added to the feed pellets so as to reduce weight loss of lactating sows, improve piglet weight gain rate, provide sufficient milk for piglets and
Sow feeding
Figure 1 shows the energy needs distribution for pregnant sows. From the table we know most of the feed is used as energy. During this period, it is important that the feed ingredients are not mouldy or degenerative as poor quality feed can cause miscarriage. Dried fat and soybean oil should be added to the feed to improve the birth weight and survival rate of piglets. Sows at different pregnancy stages need different nutrition and feed intakes. Research shows that in the early pregnancy sows need about 6 g lysine while in the later stages the lysine intake is 15 g. Figure 2 shows the is the daily feed intakes of pregnant sows.
A subscription magazine for the global flour & feed milling industries - first published in 1891
IN PRINT
direct to your door, six GFMT has been engaged by the Cereals-Mixed times aFeed-Veterinary year with a GFMT Exposition 2014, which will be held in the All-Rusia Exhibition Centre subscription (VVC) in Moscow from February 4-7, 2014, to deliver a one-and-ahalf-day conference on milling for feed manufacturers.
March - April 2012
It will be called the Deep Processing Grains Conference and focus on feed manufacturing developments both in the mechanical and nutritional areas.
January ry - Februa 2012
mber Nove
mber - Dece
2011
African es advanc
g feed millin Animal the most of in is one activities buoyant related field the agri
se for Databal diet anima tion ula ienc s: y in flour milling form Effic saving hnique y last tec
Energ e to A glanc decade
issue: In this Grinding by a proven asing your concept makes Incre choice simple storage
capacity Digital ve microwa moisture ment sure Insects mea Controlling & grain with heat Global kets feed mar
In this issue:
Improving supply from farm to fork Victam Asia Product Showcase Global grain & feed markets
ONLINE
So as to compliment the exposition rather than compete with it, we intend to break this conference into three separate blocks so that delegates can maximise their time in the exhibition halls while See all of our still managing tomagazines glean developmental information from conference online. You will also nd a speakers, says Roger Gilbert of Perendale Publishers Limited, full archive ofof back issues, publishers Grain and Feed Milling Technology magazine. as well as downloadable This is an honour for us to be invited to join with the Cereals-Mixed features Feed-Veterinary Exposition to organise this innovative program for Russian feed millers and nutritionists. We are calling on exhibitors to consider proposing topics that they are specialists in and which they would like to share with the audience.
Get
anal for Process rtunities new oppo quality and prof it
open
safety Food grain in the milling ry indust ervatives recurring s are a Pres ent vative in discussions Preser in public Rec ances topic adv grain rapid testing
publish Optical should be for inclusion ies - first industr n age and us optio t cleaning feed milling flour & whea as a serio the global modern ine for in any magaz iption A subscr plant
GFMT12.02.indd 1
.indd 1
1891 - first published in & feed milling industries for the global flour A subscription magazine ed in 1891 17/04/2012
02/02/2012 10:12
GFMT12.01
A subsc
1
riptio
n maga
zine
for the
globa
l flour
& feed
millin
g indus
tries
- first
publi
shed
in 1891
30/11/201
1 17:28
GFMT11
.06.indd
The conference itself with be in both English and Russian and will have a period of questions and answers at the end of each session, he adds. Delegates will be asked to register prior to the event in order to ensure sufcient facilities are made available.
Each of the three sessions will comprise three speakers each and will be organised into themes by species and processing by feed type. Companies interested Global in proposing speakers for the program Miller should contact Roger Gilbert directly (rogerg@perendale.co.uk) or Elena Belserova (elenaida-57@mail.ru)
THE
www.oj-hojtryk.dk
Phone: +45 75 14 22 55 Fax: +45 82 28 91 41 mail: info@oj-hojtryk.dk O&J Hjtryk A/S rnevej 1, DK-6705 Esbjerg CVR.: 73 66 86 11
For more information about our other publications and services visit: www.perendale.com
Grain
21/11/2012 15:08
FEATURE Most breeders use antibiotics to increase the animals immune system and prevent disease but the continuous usage causes resistance to drugs, destroys the intestinal flora balance and affects human health. The oligosaccharide additive has the antibiotics function but it has no pollution and residue. It is considered as the ideal replacement of antibiotics and can be added to the feeds pellet.
shorten the weaning-estrous interval. When the piglets are weaned, the nutrition level of feed pellets for sows should be sufficient so as to improve pregnancy rate.
can be destroyed and feed nutrients can fully contact with digestive enzyme so as to increase the feed utilization rate. However, when the comminuting fineness is reduced, the gastric ulcer rate and keratinization degree is increased. Fine feed pellets increase the feed and water intake which strengthen the materials flow-ability in pigs stomach. Therefore, pepsin and gastric acid are constantly in contact with the mucous membrane of the cardia which is easy to produce stomach ulcer. As gastric ulcers in pigs are generally related to fine feeds, the size of feed pellets is a question worth considering. In production, the comminuting fineness should make appropriate adjustments according to pigs productivity at different growth ages. Research shows that comminuting fineness of feed ingredients for piglets is optimal between 300 m and 500 m. Appropriate granularity can increase feed intake and digestive rate so particle size for sow feeds is best between 400 m and 500 m. It is optimal between 500 m and 600 m for fattening pigs. Other factors such as irregular feeding time, frequent feeds change or feeding interruption can also lead to stomach ulcers. So pigs should be scientifically fed.
Bacterial infection
During the pelleting process, feeds are modulated by high temperature which can kill the harmful substance of feed ingredients such as Salmonella, corona virus and colibacillus. Bacterial infection can cause damage to pigs. Helicobacter pylori can cause ulcers and cystic gastritis. The corona virus causes vomiting and can damage stomach ganglion which results in the lost control of stomach muscle contraction and the gastric distension.
Grain
This digital Re-print is part of the July | August 2013 edition of Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine. Content from the magazine is available to view free-of-charge, both as a full online magazine on our website, and as an archive of individual features on the docstoc website. Please click here to view our other publications on www.docstoc.com.
July - August 2013
LINKS
See the full issue
In this issue:
Pig feed pelletizing technology Feed focus
Cattle
Aflatoxins in Europe:
a new risk in maize production?
Visit the GFMT website Contact the GFMT Team Subscribe to GFMT
A subscription magazine for the global flour & feed milling industries - first published in 1891
To purchase a paper copy of the magazine, or to subscribe to the paper edition please contact our Circulation and Subscriptions Manager on the link adove.
Article reprints
All Grain & Feed Milling Tecchnology feature articles can be re-printed as a 4 or 8 page booklets (these have been used as point of sale materials, promotional materials for shows and exhibitions etc). If you are interested in getting this article re-printed please contact the GFMT team for more information on - Tel: +44 1242 267707 - Email: jamest@gfmt.co.uk or visit www.gfmt.co.uk/reprints
www.gfmt.co.uk