1

:
:
.
:
.
: .
:
.
: .
:
. , 3 .
: .
.
3 .
: .
1

- instrument transformer
- current transformer
3
- primary winding
4
- secondary winding
5
- rated primary current
6
- rated secondary current
7
rated transformation ratio
2

: .
:
.
.
(K n .I s I p ).100
Ip

= Current error %

K n I p I s
I p .
:
.
.
.
:
.
) :(burden .
Burden VA
. Burden
VA . R b
.

actual transformation ratio

)- current error (ratio error
10
- phase displacemen
11
- cent radians
12
- accuracy class
9

, . 30MVA
. .
R ct : dc
.
: ) (RMS
.
:
.
:(Ith)
.
:(Idyn)

. ,
Name plate .
:
Burden
.
13

- highest voltage for equipment

- rated insulation level
15
- rated short-time thermal current
16
-rated dynamic current
17
- rated continuous thermal current
14

:

.
: ) (r.m.s
.
.
. c
:
100 1 T

(K n i s i p ) 2 dt
IP
T 0

= c

K n I p i p i s

T .

:
.
. ,,, : ,,,
Burden
.

18

- exciting current
- composite error
20
- measuring current transformers
19

Burden

:(IPL)
% Burden
. %

.

:(FS) IPL .

IPL
I np

= FS

FS
. .

- rated instrument limit primary current

- instrument security factor

21
22

E.M.F : FS
Burden .
) Secondary limiting e.m.f = FS. I ns . (R bn + R s

75 C .
.

:
.
:
.
: .
ALF .
P .
5P 10P . Burden

23

- protective current transformer

- rated accuracy limit primary current
25
- accuracy limit factor
24

.
E.M.F : ALF
Burden .
) Secondary limiting e.m.f = ALF. I ns . (R bn + R s

:( s )
B-H %
B % H .
:( r )
.
:( K r ) .
r
100
s

= Kr

:( Ts )
) (Ls ) (Rs
.

Ls
Rs

= Ts

26

- Saturation flux
- Remanent flux
28
- Remanence factor
29
- Rated secondary loop time constant
27

:
.
.

) :(Ek

.

:( I psc )
.
:( i )

i = K ni s i p

ac dc . :

) i = i ac + i dc = ( K n i s ac i p ac ) + ( K n i s dc i p dc
:( )
.

2 I psc

= 100

ac dc .
30

- Excitation characteristic
- Rated knee point e.m.f.
32
- Rated primary short circuit current
33
- Instantaneous error current
34
- Peak instantaneous error
31

:

IEC P TPS TPX
TPY .TPZ
:( TP ) dc .
TPYTPX
TPZ .
:
.
C1S1P1
.

- Specified primary time constant

35

10

) (CT
) CVT (VT
.
..
:

di
:
dt
L
V(t) = L

.
.
:(V=RI) DC AC
.
/ : .
: .
:
:
: .
36

- Inductive
- Rogowski- Coil
38
- Ohmic
39
- Inductive/Optical
40
- Optical
37

11

: .

CT VT

.


.
.

.... .

.

.
- Capacitive

41

12

. IEC 60044-1
.
I Pn I Sn : / / .
: PN Burden
30VA .
:
5P
10P . 5P 10P .

13

:(ALF)
DC Burden
.
.
: R CT .
:
.

CT

N 2 .A
L h = 0 . r .

l
2000 r 5000.

) .
X mag (
.
- Rated accuracy limiting factor

42

14

.
.

CT U Knee

CT

:
:
:

I Sec .nn I Pr im
I Pr im
) i = angle( I Sec ) angle( I Pr im
Fi = 100

- Error

43

15

1 T
2
(
n n .i Sec (t ) i Pr im (t )) dt

0
Fi = 100 T
I Pr im.rms

n n CT .

. P Burden
. AC .
AC DC
DC .

IEC
. 400 1 ; 5 P 10 ; 30VA ; R CT = 6.2 . ALF Burden
. Burden
.

16

Pi + PBn
R + R Bn
= ALF CT
Pi + PB
RCT + R B

ALF = ALF

R B = RL + RR RL
RR . . PB = RB I 2 Sn .
ALF
CT .
) ( ALF .
ALF 5P 10P
X . PX IEC X BS
CT . X CT

.
PX X RMS .

- RMS

44

17

U Knee
U = ALFn ( Rn + RCT ) I Sec.n U Knee CT

) U Knee (Class PX ) = U Knee (Class P . X RCT
1.3

CT .

P X .
:

X P .
ALF . IEC PX
P .

U Knee (Class P ) = 1.3.U Knee (Class PX ) = 600 V

18

Burden GIS
Burden 0.1 VA
P ALF .
ANSI / IEEE C57.13
.
C
.
.
ANSI C200 ; R Bn = 2 . U Bn = 20 5A 2 = 200V .
P IEC

PBn

PBn = (5 A) 2 2 = 50VA ; ALF 20 .

. ALF
IEC .
ANSI P IEC .
CT .

CT .

ANSI IEC .

CT .

19

20

CT ANSI .

ANSI

Burden CT
.

21

CT

CT : 1000 1 ; 5 P 10 ;10VA ; R CT = 2 ; RB = 2.1

22

CT Transmission Capability with nominal burden

ALFn = 10 I K =10 I n primary = 10 KA

Accuracy Limiting Factor
PCT + PBn
R + RBn
2 + 10
= ALFn CT
=10
= 29.2
2 + 2 .1
PCT + PB
RCT + RB

ALF = ALFn

CT Transmission Capability with actual burden

ALF = 29.2 I K = ALF I n primary = 29.2 1 KA = 29.2 KA

CT

CT

I K'' = 20 KA = 20 I n .
''I K
= 20
In

= ' ALF

Pn P Pn 2.1VA Pn = 5 VA
P ' + PCT
2.1 + 2
= 20
= 11.7 15
5+2
Pn + PCT

' ALFn = ALF

5 P 15 ; 5VA .
CT
. CT.

23

X
CT DC
R
CT . CT t free DC

CT t free
CT . = t free CT .
DC ) ( K td
.

= K td = 1 + .TN

t free

= K td = 1 + .TN 1 e TN

Bmax DC / AC

= if t free

Bmax DC / AC

if t free

Bmax AC

Bmax AC

K td .
ALF
.
CT :
B = U S (t ) dt = ( Rct + RB ) i s ( t ) dt

24

DC
.
DC
.

25

) ( t free

>> I
High Set
In

ALF

K td .
ALF .

ALF
.

26

27

CT
) L

( R ) (
CT Ts .
CT

TPX TPY TPZ .

.
: TPX P
.
: TPY TPX
.
.
: TPZ TPY

CT Demagnetizing

45

28

TPY
.

TP P . CT

) (Secondary Time Constant .
.

TP

29

30

CT CTDim 3.2

.
.

CT CTDim 3.2

31

:


) .( I < 2 I n

,,,
,,, IEC 60044-1
Burden
.

- Measuring Current Transformer

46

32

.
Burden
.

IEEE/ANSI C57.13
,,, ,,
.
Burden
% .:(IPL)
. %

.
IPL
IPL (FS) )
I np

= .( FS

FS .

- rated instrument limit primary current

- instrument security factor

47
48

33

0.5 FS 10 ; 15 VA

,

.
1000/1 0.2 FS5 , 10 VA Burden

CT
Burden
.

.

34

.

.

Burden
% . Burden

35

1.5 U n VT
,

.

.
IEC .

IEEE/ANSI & CSA

.

-Solidly

49

36

.
VT .

J 0 J L .
) J 0 (R 1 + X1 ) J L (R 1 + X 1 + R 2 + X 2
+
) 100
U1
U1

( = )FL (%

.
Burden
Burden :

VT
.
K.U N VT K
.

37

.
.

.
. 10 - 300 VA
) Burden 120 VA
1 VA (. .
Open Delta
.
Burden . Burden
.

.
VT

- Thermal power-limit

50

38

VT

100 VA CL 1/3P
. 0.8 < U < 1.2
Class 1 0.05 < U < 1.5

) ( Class 3P .
VT .
:

VT .

39

:

.
:

A A B

.
.
) ( 0.2 - 0.5 F/km ) ( 7 - 13 nF/km
) ( W = 1 2 C U 2
. ) (
. .

Current Zero Point

51

40

DC
C k Z b R V
) ( Z a
. )
( .

.
) ( W = 1 2 C U 2 .
.

.
VT .

- Dinamic attitude

52

41

:
CS

CK + CS

. U 2 = U N C K U 2

C S VT .
C K U 2
VT U 2 VT
VT .
:

140% Un 3
.
.
:
5 80 .

.

42

.
EHV .
.
CVT
. CVT .

CVT .

CVT

43

CT :

.
.
. .

- Zone

53

44

. Burden
Burden ) ( RR .
) CT ( CT
.
. CT
:

CT X PX . 5P
10P .

CT .

CT .

.
- External Fault
- Internal Fault

54
55

45

CT
CT
CT ) CT (
.
.
CT . CT
. .
.

46

CT

) Low

(Impedance . .

47

CT .

CT

48

:
.

: .
l
100
= 2 0.022
= 0.724
A
6

RWire = 2 CU

49

: CT
.
Sr

125000
= 314 A
3 U r
3 230
1
1
= I K max th. fault
= I PH 230
314 3.5 KA
UK
0.09
=

3.5
(0.724 + 7 ) = 67.6 V
0.4

= I PH 230

= ) U Stabmin = I K max th. fault (RWire + RCT

: CT CT
.
U Seting > U Stabmin .
: .
I Pn
U
400
100
= ) ( I Set min + N I knee Set
(0.1 + 4 0.05
) = 50 A
I Pn
U knee
1
500

= IP

I P : I Pn I Sn CT CT
I Set -min N CT
I knee
: U set U Stabmin
U knee .
IP
50
= 100
100 = 18%
314
Ir
IP
ESi 48.3 < 60%
Ir

< 10%.

:
- Maximum Possible Sensitivity

56

50

U Set 100
=
= 1000
I Set
0.1

= RStab

2
U Set
100 2
P = SF
= 4
= 40 W
RStab
1000

SF .
:
.
I Sn
) ( RCT + RWire + RStab
I Pn

U K max Internal = I K max int ernal

1
(7 + 0.724 + 1000) = 100 KV
400

= 40000

I K max Internal = I SC 1Polemax

.
) U Max Re lay = 2 2 U knee (U K max Internal U knee
= 2 2 500 (100000 500) 20 KA

U MaxRe lay .


.

51

52

CT:
CT CT
.
CT :
) (Electromechanical



) (Steady State
.
CT :
.
.
) ( .
.

.
CT

Bh B 1 , B 2
W1 , W2 .

53

B h1 , B h 2
CT
CT .

54

:


:

55

CT .

CT .

56

CT
IEC
CT
.

CT

CT

CT .

57

R Shunt = 1 XY
&& u Int 0 .