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(1 cos )d
0
and
2
(e) Comparing eqn (2.3) with Fourier cosine series,
1 dz
A0 d0 _____________________________(2.9)
0 dx
Hence
1 dz
A0 d0 _____________________________(2.10)
0 dx
and
2 dz
An cos n 0 d 0 __________________________(2.11)
0 dx
(f) Substituting (2.9) and (2.10) in (2.8) gives
1 dz
cl 2 (cos 0 1)d 0 ________________(2.12)
0 dx
and lift slope is given by dcl/dα = 2π.
3. The moment about the leading edge can be obtained by substituting γ(θ). The
resulting moment coefficient is
A
cm ,le A0 A1 2 ______________________________(2.13)
2 2
Substituting equation (2.8) in (2.13) gives
c
cm ,le l ( A1 A2 ) _____________________________(2.14)
4 4
Note that for dz/dx = 0, A1 = A2 = 0 and equation (2.14) reduces to that for a symmetric
airfoil.
6. Thin airfoil theory thus is based on the replacement of the airfoil by the mean
camber line. A vortex sheet is placed along the chord line, and its strength adjusted such
that, in conjunction with the uniform free stream, the camber line becomes a streamline
of the flow while at the same time satisfying the Kutta condition. The strength of such a
vortex sheet is obtained from the fundamental equation of thin airfoil theory: -
1 ( )d
c
dz
2 0 x
V
dx
(a) For symmetric airfoil, the centre of pressure and the aerodynamic center
are both at the quarter-chord point. Whereas for cambered airfoil, the
aerodynamic center is still at the quarter-chord point and center of pressure
varies with lift coefficient.
(b) The lift slope in both cases is given by 2π.