Tutorial-1 (water Quality)

1. For the construction a calibration curve for phosphorus indicate the mL of 1 mg/mL phosphoric acid
stock solution to be diluted to 100 mL for each of the following cases:
S.No. Concentration
(mg/L as P)
1 0
2. 0.4
3. 0.8
4. 1.2
5. 1.6
6. 2.0
2. Find porosity of a synthetic filter medium with 1900 kg/m3 density and 1100 kg/m3 bulk density?
3. Moisture content of a salt is related with the humidity. Moisture content measured for the salt at
different humidity levels are as given below. Using this information construct Y=mX+C model for
describing the relationship? Also find sample correlation coefficient of the model? Using this model,
find the moisture level of the salt at 65%, 75% and 20% relative humidity levels?
Relative humidity Moisture level of the salt
31% 7%
36% 9%
42% 12%
48% 11%
50% 14%
55% 13%
62% 16%
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4. For preparing 500 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid solution find the mL of 33% hydrochloric acid required.
5. In an experiment, for estimating TSS, VSS and TDS, the following observations were made. Using
these find the TSS, TDS and VSS concentrations of the sample?
Empty beakers initial weight 60.005 g
Weight of the beaker with 100 mL sample after drying in an oven at 103C 60.830 g
Initial weight of the ash less filter paper 1.030 g
Amount of the sample filtered 100 mL
Final weight of the filter paper with sample after drying in oven at 103C 1.546 g
Initial weight of the empty crucible 21.650 g
Weight of the crucible with the filter paper after ashing in a muffle furnace 21.763 g


Tutorial-2 (Water Quality Index)
Using the data given below calculate monthly Water Quality Index (WQI) values for the water source
being sampled and analyzed? Also find the Annual average WQI?
Water quality monitoring data
Month pH
EC,
S/cm
TDS,
mg/l
NH3-N,
mg/l
Nitrate-N
mg/l
Chloride,
mg/l
Faecal,
MPN/100 ml
Mar, 2011 7.74 431 265 2.80 2.20 79.1 4,000
Apr, 2011 7.78 401 314 3.64 1.27 28.4 400
May, 2011 7.60 353 270 4.04 0.68 32.7 2,000
Jun, 2011
8.18 349 219 4.01 0.66 19.9 700
Jul,2011
7.64 307 226 4.76 1.38 10.6 3,000
Aug, 2011
7.51 338 232 5.88 1.03 17.7 1,300
Sep, 2011 7.50 279 177 5.88 0.80 16.1 5,000
Oct, 2011 7.14 353 295 6.72 0.88 19.9 4,000
Nov, 2011 6.80 383 305 1.68 1.05 21.7 400
Dec, 2011 6.52 426 390 5.88 1.54 34.7 17,000
Jan,2012 6.90 689 406 4.76 2.29 54.6 110,000
Feb, 2012 7.12 615 309 4.48 1.41 45.4 30,000

Relative importance values
S. No. Parameters Final weights
1 Fecal Coliform 0.134
2 Chloride 0.090
3 Nitrate-N 0.085
4 pH 0.083
5 TDS 0.079
6 Ammonical-N 0.060
7 Conductivity 0.051


Transformation equations
S.No.
Parameters Concentration Range
Transformation Equation
1.
pH
2.7 5.0 y = 6.889x
2
- 40.00x + 57.79
5.0 7.5 y = -10.66x
2
+ 161.9x - 513.8
7.5 9.5 y = -22.33x
2
+ 346.3x - 1242.8
9.5 12.0 y = 2.666x
2
- 69.33x + 448
2.
Conductivity
0 4500 (S/cm) y = 8E-07x
2
- 0.025x + 104.1
3.
TDS
50 3000 (mg/L) y = 6E-06x
2
- 0.046x + 96.90
4.
Ammonical-
N
0 2 (mg/L) y = -7x
2
- 1x + 100
2 40 (mg/L) y = -20.5ln(x) + 84.61
5.
Nitrate-N
0 23 (mg/L) y = 0.161x
2
- 7.953x + 104.5
6. Chloride 0-1200 (mg/L) y = 7E-05x
2
- 0.157x + 99.60
7.
Fecal
Coliform
0 1000 (mpn/100ml) y = 80.702e
-0.001x

1000-100000 (mpn/100ml) y = -4.7772ln(x) + 63


Tutorial-3 (water demand and population forecasting)

1. Population of Patiala city has been as given in the following table:
Year Population
1951 97,869
1961 125,234
1971 161,041
1981 219,888
1991 270,196
2001 341,819
2011 405,164
Forecast the population of Patiala city for 2031 AD and 2046 AD years by the following methods:
A. Graphical method
B. Sigmoid growth (logistic growth model) method
C. Arithmetical increase method
D. Incremental increase method
E. Geometrical increase method
F. Decreasing rate of growth method
2. Current water demand is 135 LPCD. Water conservation measures are believed to reduce the
demand by 0.8% annually. Reclaimed water is believed to satisfy 10% of the demand in 2031 AD and
15% in 2046 AD. Institutional, industrial and livestock water demands will be 4%, 6% and 2% of the
total water demand. Find Patialas water demand in the year 2031 and in the year 2046?
Logistic method


Geometric increase method

Decreasing rate of growth method


Incremental increase method