Chemical Kinetics

':: [({J. - [reJ The half-life of arate reaction is the time which concentration o( a place reactant is called ) [BF The rate expression for this reaction is : the The overall of the reaction isin controlled by the slowest step in a complex reaction All natural and artificial radioactive decay of unstable nuclei take by first order Rate of reaction = I 01 IHIJ [I.\J Rate of[R,1o a Chemical Reaction => The factor e-t.a/KI corresponds to the fraction of molecules that have kinetic energy Activation energy is given by the energy difference between activated and O.6CJ,l E"Ln-I mol,-n For n th order reaction: called the order of that chemical reaction. I< ':!} F,'"-".L 1<, " /S-I K 14;+ ~f r:~) Rate = k 2.K 2HI(g) ~ [At H2(g) + I2(g) collide simultaneously in order to bring about a of chemical reaction is called Order The = _01~ x reactions +y taking = K[A]"[13:J'<1place in one step are called Elementary Reactions or by may For reducing not A + be B the same ~ activation Products as the stoichiometric energy Rate = between P.ZABe-EalRTP coefficient reactants is and the probability products reacting and or species steric hence in factor lowering a ZABis reaction Rate at = k high [NH3]o pressure. = k altered much during the course of the reaction and the reaction behaves as first order Change in concentration of a reactant or product in unit time. Unit => mol k is the Rate The const. decomposition (x, y from of expts) gaseous ammonia on a hot platinum surface is aof zero order _f2.. ..arfl~t :. -I",rr~t. L-1s-1 In kFor concentration = Ea/RT + In of A reactants (logarithmic with each form) term raised to some power, which may mol of ethyl acetate with 10 mol of water The concentration of water does not get 2<30.3 1:.'/2. kif,. -:: -= [~J =) '""h'~ ~"'/Qrvd:... 0(', 1'= or "'['~Vot.t tT).,1 = -I" oUPJ/dt oUt.. zero order: t1/2q [R]o. For first order reaction t1/2 is independent [R]o ~~~ j kinetics the reactant molecules s balanced chemical equation. -::. +molecularity of a reaction (values are limited from 1 to 3) reaction. Such reactions are called pseudo first order reactions. If Rate = k ion ants at [At [BF [At [BF Z) n / Rate A is potential a the Arrhenius energy factor barrier or the frequency factor or pre-exponential factor reduced to one half of its initial concentration. It is represented as tl/2. the rate determining step er on provides rate is The given an alternate number in terms IKT of pathway (exponential of collisions molar or reaction per form) second mechanism per unit volume of the reaction mixture. When one of two reactants is present in large excess. During the hydrolysis of 0.01 k = A e-t;a Average & Instantaneous Rate greater than Ea acting species taking part in an which must in the rate law expression is The sum of powers of elementary the concentration of the reactants collision frequency reactants, Areaction, and B dD ep fc:;:)

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