MEM230 Mechanics of Materials

d0 d 1a. Stress/Strain P L0 L P

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d d0 d0

MEM230 Mechanics of Materials

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P A0

L L0 L0

Thin-walled Spherical Pressure Vessels

( )
1b. Constitutive relations (Linearly elastic)
E (G )

E=

( )
P

G= =

G=

E 2(1 + )

2. Axially loaded members

3. Torsion

4. Shear force and bending moment diagrams 5. Bending and shear stresses in beams 7. Analysis of stresses; Mohrs circles

Chapter 8 Applications of Plane Stress

T = T IP

P = = E A L

PL AE

= = G

TL GI P

dV = q dx

dM =V dx

M V

My = I

VQ = Ib

1 =
8. Applications of plane stress 9. Deflections of beams 10. Statically indeterminate beams 11. Columns Chapter 8 Applications of Plane Stress

pr pr 2 = t 2t

r = inner radius t = wall thickness (t << r) rm = r + t/2 = mean radius p = internal pressure
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MEM230 Mechanics of Materials

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MEM230 Mechanics of Materials

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Thin-walled Spherical Pressure Vessels

Resultant of the tensile stresses in the wall: (2rmt) Resultant pressure force: P = pr2

Stresses at the Outer and Inner Surfaces of A Spherical Pressure Vessel

t: Thickness

F = (2rmt ) pr 2 = 0 = 2r t 2t
m

pr 2

pr
Outer surface p
z x

Inner surface

1 = 2 = max
pr 3 = p 2t 3 p r = 1 = + 1 2 2 2t
pr 4t

max 3 = p

1 = 2 = 1 , 2 max

pr 2t

pr 2t
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pr 3 = 0 2t 3 pr = 1 = 2 4t

max 3 = 0

1 , 2

Ifr >> t ,then max

Chapter 8 Applications of Plane Stress

Chapter 8 Applications of Plane Stress

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MEM230 Mechanics of Materials

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MEM230 Mechanics of Materials

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Thin-walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessels

Stresses at the Outer and Inner Surfaces of A Cylindrical Pressure Vessel

Outer surface

Longitudinal Stress

t x

F = 2 (2rt ) pr 2 = 0
pr 2 = 2t

p Inner surface
pr max 3 = p 2t 3 pr 2t = max = 1 1 + r 2 2t 3 = p pr forr >> t 2t

Circumferential Stress

1 =

F = 1 (2bt ) 2 pbr = 0
1 =
Chapter 8 Applications of Plane Stress

pr t

2 =

1 2

1 = max

pr t
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pr 3 = 0 max 2t 1 3 pr = = 2 2t 3 = 0

pr t

2 =

1 2

Chapter 8 Applications of Plane Stress

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MEM230 Mechanics of Materials

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MEM230 Mechanics of Materials

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Example 8-2: Determine the normal and shear stresses

along the helical weld
= 55o ,
r = 1.8m, t = 20mm p = 800kPa E = 200GPa, = 0.30 ,

Problem 8.3-5 A strain gage is installed in the

longitudinal direction on the surface of an aluminum beverage can (see figure). The radius-to-thickness ratio of the can is 200. When the lid of the can is popped open, the strain changes by 0 = 170 10-6. What was the internal pressure p in the can? (Assume E = 107 psi, and = 0.33.) The circumferential and longitudinal stresses are l = From the Hookes law we have 0 = Substituting

1 =

pr pr = 72MPa, 2 = = 36MPa t 2t

0 = 170 10 6
p=

2Et 0 2(10 7 )(170 10 6 ) = = 50psi (1 2 )r (1 0.66 )(200 )

pr (1 2 ) 2Et r = 200 E = 10 7 psi = 0.33 t E E =

pr pr , c = t 2t

How would you compute the pressure if you have a caliper instead of a strain gage?
Chapter 8 Applications of Plane Stress 7 / 13 Chapter 8 Applications of Plane Stress

0 =

d f d0 d0
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MEM230 Mechanics of Materials

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MEM230 Mechanics of Materials

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Maximum stresses in a beam of rectangular cross section:

(a) simple beam with points A, B, C, D, and E on the side of the beam; (b) normal and shear stresses acting on stress elements at points A, B, C, D, and E; (c) principal stress; and (d) maximum shear stresses. Can you draw the Mohrs circle for the state of stress at each of these points?

Principal-stress trajectories for beams of rectangular cross section: (a) cantilever beam, and (b) simple beam. (Solid lines
represent tensile principal stresses and dashed lines represent compressive principal stresses.)

Stress contours for a cantilever beam (tensile principal stresses only).

Chapter 8 Applications of Plane Stress

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Chapter 8 Applications of Plane Stress

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MEM230 Mechanics of Materials

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MEM230 Mechanics of Materials

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Plane-stress element at cross section mn of the beam

Stresses in a wide-flange beam.

Example 8-3. Beam of rectangular cross section.

Stresses in the beam. (a) Points A, B, C, D, E, F, and G at cross section mn; (b) normal stresses sx acting on cross section mn; (c) shear stresses txy acting on cross section mn; (d) principal tensile stresses s1; (e) principal compressive stresses s2; and (f) maximum shear stresses tmax. (Note: all stresses have units of psi.)
Chapter 8 Applications of Plane Stress 11 / 13 Chapter 8 Applications of Plane Stress 12 / 13

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Combined Loadings

Chapter 8 Applications of Plane Stress

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