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Rate of reaction is defined as the change in the ampunt of reactant or product against time taken for the reaction

to occur. CATALYST Exp 1 With copper (II) sulphate Exp II - Without The presence of copper (II) sulphate in experiment 1 acts as catalyst Copper (II) sulphate provides an alternate path by lowering the activation energy in experiment 1 More zinc atoms and hydrogen ions collide with each other to achieve lower activation energy in experiment I than experiment II. The frequency of effective collisions between zinc atoms and hydrogen ions in experiment I is higher than experiment I. The rate of reaction in experiment I is higher than experiment II.

TEMPERATURE The temperature for reaction/ experiment I is higher than experiment II. The kinetic energy between zinc atoms and hydrogen ions in experiment I is higher than that of experiment II. Zinc atoms and hydrogen ions in experiment I move faster than experiment II. The frequency of collisions between zinc atoms and hydrogen ions in experiment I is higher than experiment I. The frequency of effective collisions between zinc atoms and hydrogen ions in experiment I is higher than experiment I. The rate of reaction in experiment I is higher than experiment II.

CONCENTRATION I SULPHURIC ACID II HYDROCHLORIC ACID The sulphuric acid in experiment I is a diprotic acid while the hydrochloric acid is experiment II is a monoprotic acid. 1 mol of Sulphuric acid in experiment I ionizes to two moles of hydrogen ions while 1 mol of hydrochloric acid in experiment II ionizes to one mole of hydrogen ions.

The concentration of hydrogen ions in experiment I is double that of experiment II. The number of hydrogen ions per unit volume in sulphuric acid in experiment I is double that of experiment I hydrocholoric acid. The frequency of collisions between calcium carbonate and hydrogen ions in experiment I is higher than experiment I. The frequency of effective collisions between calcium carbonate and hydrogen ions in experiment I is higher than experiment I. The rate of reaction in experiment I is higher than experiment II.

SIZE OF REACTING PARTICLES The size of calcium carbonate in experiment I is smaller than experiment II. The total surface area of calcium carbonate exposed to collision in experiment I is bigger than experiment II. The frequency of collisions between calcium carbonate and hydrogen ions in experiment I is higher than experiment I. The frequency of effective collisions between calcium carbonate and hydrogen ions in experiment I is higher than experiment I. The rate of reaction in experiment I is higher than experiment II.

WHY THE AMOUNT OF PRODUCT IS EQUAL FOR BOTH EXPERIMENTS ALTHOUGH THE OTHER EXPERIMENT USES CATALYST The gradient of curve for experiment II is greater than experiment I because the rate of reaction in experiment II is higher than that of experiment I. The volume of hydrogen gas released in experiment I is equal to experiment II. The volume and concentration of HCL is experiment II is similar to experiment I. Copper (II) sulphate used in experiment II as catalyst does not affect the total volume of hydrogen gas produced.

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