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Aerofon
Aerofon (dari "udara" dan "suara") adalah segala instrumen musik yang memproduksi suara dengan menggetarkan udara, tanpa menggunakan senar atau pun membran, dan juga tanpa menggetarkan badan instrumen itu sendiri untuk memproduksi bunyi. Hornbostel-Sachs membagi aerofon dari getaran udara yang terjadi di instrumen itu sendiri atau tidak. Yang pertama adalah instrumen yang getaran udaranya tidak berada di instrumen itu sendiri, seperti harmonica dan siren. Instrumen tersebut biasa diklasifikasikan sebagai free aerohone. Kedua, adalah instrumen yang getaran udaranya ada di instrumen itu sendiri. Secara garis besar disebut dengan wind instrument. Seperti instrumen brass dan woodwind. Tambahan terakhir, bunyi yang besar dapat dibuat dengan ledakan yang diarahkan secara langsung, atau diledakan di dalam instrumen itu. Seperti calliope, dan pyrophone. Di mana udara tersebut bisa merupakan uap air yang panas.

Aerofon instrumen brass Getaran bibir pemain menggerakan udara. Natural trumpets Tidak ada perubahan pitch dari posisi bibir pemain. Bugle Conch shell (jika dimainkan seperti terompet) Didgeridoo Shofar
Joshua Sentosa 06120090018 Aerofon Instrumen Brass

Alphorn Lur Natural trumpet Natural horn Trembita Chromatic trumpets Pitch dapat diubah (tangga nadanya) dengan slide, atau valve. Bazooka Sackbut Trombone Baritone horn Cornett (atau Cornetto) Serpent Tenor Horn / Alto horn (instrumen yang sama) Cornet Euphonium Flugelhorn Horn Mellophone Sousaphone Trumpet Tuba Wagner tuba

CONTOH-CONTOH INSTRUMEN AEROFON BRASS

Joshua Sentosa 06120090018

Aerofon Instrumen Brass

Seri Harmonik Brass Secara Garis Besar

Teknik Instrumen
Profesor trombone John Swallow dari Yale mengatakan teknik brass berkembang pesar di abad ke-20 dengan adanya inovasi dari pemain jazz. Musik kontemporer juga memperluas penggunaan teknik brass. Berikut adalah beberapa contoh teknik-teknik yang dapat digunakan pada instrumen brass. (dalam bahasa Inggris)

Flutter tonguing: The trumpeter rolls the tip of the tongue to produce a 'growling like' tone. It is achieved as if one were rolling an R in the Spanish language. This technique is widely employed by composers like Berio and Stockhausen. Growling: While playing a note, clinching the back of the throat to partially obstruct the air, preventing it from flowing evenly. This creates a gargling sound, thus making a 'growling' sound from the bell. Utilized
Joshua Sentosa 06120090018

Aerofon Instrumen Brass

by many jazz players, not to be confused with flutter tonguing, where the tongue is 100% responsible for creating the sound desired. Double tonguing: The player articulates using the syllables ta-ka ta-ka ta-ka Triple tonguing: The same as double tonguing, but with the syllables ta-ta-ka ta-ta-ka ta-ta-ka. Doodle tongue: The trumpeter tongues as if saying the word doodle. This is a very faint tonguing similar in sound to a valve tremolo. Glissando: Trumpeters can slide between notes by depressing the valve halfway or changing the lip tension. Modern repertoire makes extensive use of this technique. Vibrato: It is often regulated in contemporary repertoire through specific notation. Composers can call for everything from fast, slow or no vibrato to actual rhythmic patterns played with vibrato. Pedal tone: Composers have written for two and a half octaves below the low F#, which is at the bottom of the standard range. Extreme low pedals are produced by slipping the lower lip out of the mouthpiece. The technique was pioneered famously by Bohumir Kryl. Microtones: Composers such as Scelsi and Stockhausen have made wide use of the trumpet's ability to play microtonally. Some instruments are adapted with a 4th valve which allows for a quarter-tone step between each note. Mute belt: Karlheinz Stockhausen pioneered the use of a mute belt, worn around the player's waist, to enable rapid mute changes during pieces. The belt allows the performer to make faster and quieter mute changes, as well as enabling the performer to move around the stage. Valve tremolo: Many notes on the trumpet can be played in several different valve combinations. By alternating between valve combinations on the same note, a tremolo effect can be created. Berio makes
Joshua Sentosa 06120090018 Aerofon Instrumen Brass

extended use of this technique in his Sequenza X. Noises: By hissing, clicking, or breathing through the instrument, the trumpet can be made to resonate in ways that do not sound at all like a trumpet. Noises sound a 1/2 step higher than they are notated, and often require amplification to be heard. Preparation: Composers have called for the trumpet to be played under water, or with certain slides removed. It is increasingly common for all sorts of preparations to be requested of a trumpeter. Extreme preparations involve alternate constructions, such as double bells and extra valves. Singing: Composers such as Robert Erickson and Mark-Anthony Turnage have called for trumpeters to sing during the course of a piece, often while playing. It is possible to create a multiphonic effect by singing and playing different notes simultaneously. Double buzz: Trumpeters can produce more than one tone simultaneously by vibrating the two lips at different speeds. The interval produced is usually an octave or a fifth. Lip Trill or Shake: By rapidly varying lip tension, but not changing the depressed valves, the pitch varies quickly between adjacent harmonics. These are usually done, and more straight-forward to execute, in the upper register.

Joshua Sentosa 06120090018

Aerofon Instrumen Brass