Dear transformer member and experts, Could you please kindly share your experience/view on using thermal upgraded

insulation material for hot spot? Many thanks, Sara

14 days ago

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SubramoneyUnfollow Follow Subramoney Subramoney M Thermally upgraded papers can be used for wdg. conductor insulation,so that the wdgs shall be designed with higher thermal gradients upto the class of inslating paper. Mobile substation transformers which need to be of lesser weight and compact dimensions for transportation purposes are designed with Nomex conductors of Class H/C. M.SUBRAMONEY 13 days ago Unlike Like

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AmalenduUnfollow Follow Amalendu Amalendu Mohanty An interesting observation on thermally upgraded paper is they fo not behave similar to normal AWW kraft so far as the shrinkage behaviour is concerned.Bettet to have a sample tested on similar process as the winding goes before finalising the calculstion. 13 days ago Unlike Like

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SaraUnfollow Follow Sara Sara Sun Thank you for your comments. I am interested in hearing more about Nomex. We have been using Nomex for our dry type transformers, however, I found Nomex's DP value is similar to regular cellulose based insulation material. How do we justify the benefits of using Nomex? Best regards, Sara 11 days ago Unlike Like

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GeorgUnfollow Follow Georg Georg Daemisch Nomex has the temperature class "H", if I remember well, so at the normal oil transformer temperatures the heat driven ageing is very slow. I recomeneded the use of Nomex for example in a bad designed power transformer for refurbishment in order to overcome the internal cooling problem without changing the main componenets like core, tank cooling system. It should not be used to hide design problems with too high temperatures. The oil remain to be a class "A" material. There is the similar problem with thermally stabilisized paper. If it is used to reduce the dimensions and materia,l the customer has no advantage, because using higher hot spot temperatures means same or faster ageing, as with well dsigned transformers, using classical Kraft paper 9 days ago Unlike Like

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SaraUnfollow Follow Sara Sara Sun Hi Georg, may I please ask if I use Nomex for hot spots and ester oil together, do you think it will improve transformer's ability to withstand high temperature, hence will extend its life or improve performance? Do you know how the temperature rises in ester oil? Is there a new standard for ester oil? Thank you, Sara 5 days ago Unlike Like

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rizkyUnfollow Follow rizky rizky amalia During this time, I usually use thermally upgraded paper for designing transformer which use IEEE or ANSI standard (temperature rise guarantee 65/65-top oil rise/average winding rise). This insulation type is used to keep the optimum design. In other word, if we try to design ANSI transformer with kraft paper, it will be difficult to maintain winding gradient in small value. The limitation of hot spot temperature while using thermally upgraded paper is 110 deg.C. If the ambient temperature is 20 deg.C, top oil rise 65 deg.C, the hot spot rise is 90 deg.C. Then we can calculate, the maximum winding gradient value is approximate 19,2 deg.C. You can imagine if we try to design this transformer type (for example) using kraft paper which has limitation hot spot temperature only 98 deg.C. You should get the winding gradient value maximum 10 deg.C. It will give a significant impact, the transformer will have a big dimension and the cost will be higher than expected (the illustration above use hot spot factor 1.3). 1 day ago Unlike Like

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SaraUnfollow Follow Sara Sara Sun I have recently find a new IEEE standard, IEEE Std C57. 154-2012. Very useful for thermal upgraded hot spot design in ester insulation oil transformer. 1 day ago Unlike Like

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GeorgUnfollow Follow Georg

Georg Daemisch if thermally upgraded paper is used to increase the temperature gradient, we will have already the same inconvinient condition as before with bad internal cooling as we have now as a very frequent problem with result of unacceptable life cycles. 1 day ago Unlike Like

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KevinUnfollow Follow Kevin Kevin Newman Just to clarify a few points. Thermally upgraded paper is absolutely a requirement for ANSI/IEEE transformers with 65 K rise. This is because as stated above the 'rated' hotspot temperature is 110 C. This, however, is based on a yearly average ambient of 30 C not 20 C so the maximum hotspot rise is 80 K 15 hours ago