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RJC 1. The use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.

The enthalpy changes for three reactions are given below. Na(s) Na(g) H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l) 2Na+(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- 2Na+(aq) + H2(g) H1 = +107 kJ mol-1 H2 = -58 kJ mol-1 H3 = -1700 kJ mol-1

What is the enthalpy change for the following reaction? Na(s) + H2O(l) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H2(g) A -191 kJ mol-1 B -307 kJ mol-1 C -685 kJ mol-1 D -1041 kJ mol-1

2. The Reaction between X and Y is catalysed by Z and can be represented by the following equation: X(aq) + Y(aq) X1(aq) + Y1(aq). The rate of the above reaction can be studied by measuring the time taken for a fixed amount of Y to react. In one such investigation at 20C, four experiments were carried out and the results are shown in the table below. [ Y ] = 2s mol dm-3 1 2 20.0 10.0 4.0 4.0 20.0 20.0 0.0 10.0 38 74 [ Y ] = s mol dm-3 3 4 20.0 20.0 4.0 4.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 19 37

Experiment Volume of X / cm3 Volume of Y / cm3 Volume of Z / cm3 Volume of water / cm3 Time taken for all the Y to react / s

What are the orders of reaction with respect to X,Y and Z respectively? A 1, 0 and 1 B 1, 1 and 0 C 1, 1 and 1 D 1, 0 and 2

3. The solubility product of chromium(III) hydroxide is K at 25 C. What is the pH of a saturated solution of chromium(III) hydroxide at 25 C? [K w = 1.0 x 10-14 mol2 dm-6 at 25 C] A 14 - lg (3K)1/4 B 14 - lg (K/4)1/3 C 14 + lg (2K)1/2 D 14 + lg (3K)1/4

4. A voltaic cell is made up of the Mg 2+/Mg half-cell and the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-cell. Which one of the following statements is correct? A B C D Addition of water to the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-cell decreases the cell e.m.f. Addition of sodium hydroxide to the Mg2+/Mg half-cell increases the cell e.m.f. Increasing the temperature has no effect on the cell e.m.f. The Mg2+/Mg half-cell is the positive electrode.

5. A gaseous reaction can be represented by the following equation: A2(g) + 3B(g) A2B3(g) The system was allowed to come to equilibrium in a 5 dm 3 vessel at a temperature of 1000 K. The diagram shows the change in number of moles of A 2B3 and B, with time. The initial amount of A2 present was 0.2 mol.

What was the equilibrium constant for the reaction? amount present / mol 0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0 time B A2B3

A B C D

0.5 0.1x(0.2)3 3x0.5 0.2x(0.2)3 0.5x53 0.1x(0.2)3 3.0.5x52 0.2x(0.2)3

6. Silver chlorate(V) reacts with chlorine as follows: 2AgClO3(s) + Cl2(g) 2AgCl(s) + 2ClO2(g) + O2(g) H = 0 kJ mol-1

Which of the following statements regarding the above reaction are correct? 1 2 3 An increase in temperature does not affect the value of the equilibrium constant K p. Adding an inert gas at constant pressure shifts the equilibrium position to the right. Removal of some silver chloride shifts the equilibrium position to the right.

7. A current is passed through three cells connected in series. The first cell contains XSO4(aq), the second cell contains Y2(SO4)3(aq) and the third cell contains Z2SO4(aq). The relative atomic masses of X, Y and Z are in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 1. Which of the following statements are correct? 1 2 3 mass of X liberated : mass of Y liberated = 3 : 1 mass of X liberated : mass of Z liberated = 3 : 2 mass of Y liberated : mass of Z liberated = 2 : 3

Ans: A A D B C B C VJC 1. The plot below shows the relative values of the logarithms of the first five ionisation energies of and element E. x

lg (I.E.)

x 1

x 2 3 4 5 number of electrons removed

Which information cannot be inferred from the above plot? A B C D E has no unpaired electrons in its atomic structure. E could be beryllium. The valence electrons of E occupy a spherically-shaped orbital. E burns in oxygen to form a solid.

2. 0.1 g of dry hydrogen gas was placed in a closed 2 m 3 vessel with 3.2 g of oxygen gas. The gases were exploded and the system was allowed to cool to 25 C. What will be the pressure, in Pa, of the gas left in the vessel after the reaction? (The volume and vapour pressure of water may be neglected.) A 56.7 B 61.9 C 92.9 D 123.8

3. The numerical value of the solubility product, Ksp, of silver sulphate is 2.0 x 10-5 at 25 C. Which one of the following statements is correct? A B C D The units of the Ksp of silver sulphate are mol2 dm-6. The Ksp value will decrease in the presence of common ion effect. A precipitate will be formed when 0.020 mol dm -3 sulphuric acid is added to an equal volume of 0.040 mol dm-3 silver nitrate. The solubility of silver sulphate is 0.017 mol dm-3 at 25 C.

4. Which factor is the most significant in explaining the non-ideal behaviour of the gases present in the reaction chamber in the Haber process? A B C D the high pressure of 150 atm the high temperature of 450 C the use of a catalyst strong NN triple bonds in N2 molecules

5. Which one of the following enthalpy changes has a negative value? A C Na(g) Na+(g) + e Cl2(g) 2Cl(g) B D Na+Cl-(s) Na+(g) + Cl-(g) Cl(g) + e Cl-(g)

6. Hydrogen peroxide reacts with acidified iodide ions, liberating iodine. H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2I-(aq) 2H2O(l) + I2(aq) In investigations of this reaction, the following results were obtained. Initial concentrations of reactants / mol dm-3 [H2O2] [I-] [H+] 0.010 0.010 0.10 0.020 0.010 0.10 0.030 0.020 0.10 0.030 0.010 0.20 Which one of the following statements is incorrect? A B The reaction is zero order with respect to acid The reaction is first order with respect to iodide. initial rate of formation of iodine / mol dm-3 s-1 2.0 x 10-6 4.0 x 10-6 1.2 x 10-5 6.0 x 10-6

C D

The numerical value of the rate constant is 2 x 10 -1. The overall order of the reaction is 2.

7. The diagram below shows the change of pH produced by gradually adding aqueous Y to a certain volume of aqueous X. The concentration of each constituent of the aqueous solutions X and Y is 0.1 mol dm-3.

13 -11 -pH 9 -7 -5 -3 -1 -0 10 20 30 Volume of Y / cm3

What could X and Y be? X A B C D H2SO4 K2CO3 NaHCO3 NaOH Y Na2CO3 HCl HCl CH3CO2H + HCl

8. A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is constructed using 1.00 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide as the electrolyte. What is the charge in the pH of the solution in the region of each electrolyte when the current is flowing? porous electrode

H2

---------

O2

1.00 mol dm-3 NaOH A B C D Cathode increase increase decrease decrease Anode decrease increase increase decrease

9. The equilibrium constant, Kp, for the reaction X(g) + Y(g) Z(g) varies with temperature as shown in the diagram below.

Kp

T Which conclusions can be drawn from this information? 1 2 3 The reaction is exothermic in the forward direction. The equilibrium mixture contains a greater proportion of Z at higher pressures. The equilibrium mixture contains a greater proportion of Z at higher temperatures.

10. The standard reduction potentials of magnesium and lead are -2.37 V and -0.13 V respectively. An electrochemical cell was made using half-cells containing Mg 2+/Mg and Pb2+/Pb. Which of the following statements are correct about the cell? 1 2 3 Magnesium forms the negative electrode. Dissolution of solid lead nitrate in the lead half-cell increases the cell voltage. Addition of water to the magnesium half-cell increases the cell voltage.

Ans: B C D A D C B A C A TJC 1. The reactants R and S react in the presence of a dilute acid as follows: R(aq) + S(aq) U(aq) + V(aq) It is found that the rate equation for the reaction is rate = k [R] 2 [H+] Which one of the following statements is not correct? A B C D The magnitude of k increases with temperature. H+ lowers the activation energy of the reaction. Increasing [R] by a factor of 3 at constant temperature causes a six-fold increase in the reaction rate. Increasing [H+] by a factor of 2 at constant temperature causes a two-fold increase in the reaction rate.

2. Which one of the following processes has a positive value for H? A B C D H+(g) + e H(g) H2(g) 2H(g) H2O(l) H2O(s) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

3. The enthalpy changes for two reactions are given by the equations: 2Cr(s) + 3/2 O2(g) Cr2O3(s) C(s) + O2(g) CO(g) H = -1130 kJ H = -110 kJ

What is the enthalpy change, in kJ, for the following reaction? 3C(s) + Cr2O3(s) 2Cr(s) + 3CO(g) A B -800 +800 C D -1460 +1460

4. The graph below shows how the fraction of a substance, X, produced in an equilibrium mixture varies with temperature at pressures of 2 x 10 7 Pa and 5 x 107 Pa. Fraction of X in equilibrium mixture / % 2 x 107 Pa 5 x 107 Pa Temperature In which of the following equilibria would X represent the underlined species? A B C D N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) SO3(g) SO2(g) + O2(g) 4NH3(g) + 3O2(g) 2N2(g) + 6H2O(g) N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g) H = -92 kJ mol-1 H = +380 kJ mol-1 H = -1267 kJ mol-1 H = +181 kJ mol-1

5. The activation energy of a reaction is usually 1 2 3 different for the forward and backward reactions in an exothermic process. low for a reaction that takes place slowly. increased when the temperature of the reaction increases.

6. Which of the following statements is/are true for the electrochemical cell below.

V
Ag Ag

0.1 mol dm-3 AgNO3

1.0 mol dm-3 AgNO3

L Cu (s) 1 2 3

The Ecell value remains the same when NH3(aq) is added to the half-cell L. The Ecell value decreases when NaCl(s) is added to the half-cell R. Electrons flow from half-cell L to R.

Ans: C B B C D C

NJC 1. Which one of the following graphs shows the CORRECT relationship between the density of a gas () versus temperature (T) for an ideal gas under constant pressure? A B

T/ C C D

T/ C

T/ C

T/ C

2. Tetrachloroethene is commonly used as a degreasing solvent. The enthalpy change for the following reaction is -878.5 kJ mol-1. C2H4(g) + 4HCl(g) + 2O2(g) C2Cl4(l) + 4H2O(l)

Which one of the following is the enthalpy change of formation of tetrachloroethene given the following information? Hf (C2H4(g)) = + 52.3 kJ mol-1 Hf (HCl(g)) = - 92.3 kJ mol-1 Hf (H2O(l)) = - 285.8 kJ mol-1 A - 9.2 kJ mol-1 B - 52.2 kJ mol-1 C - 330 kJ mol-1 D - 633 kJ mol-1 3. Zn (s) Cu (s) Porous pot ZnSO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) E Zn2+ / Zn = -0.76 V E Cu2+ / Cu = +0.34 V

The diagram above represents a Daniell cell. When zinc rod and the copper container are connected as part of a completed electrical circuit, a current flows in this circuit. Which one of the following about this system is NOT correct? A Copper is deposited on the copper container.

B C D

The zinc electrode would be the negative pole. If bothe solutions are 1.0 mol dm -3, then the cell produces a maximum e.m.f. of +1.10V. Sulphate ions migrate through the porous pot from the zinc compartment to the copper compartment.

4. The following is a graph of electrons removed against logarithm of ionisation energy. INSERT GRAPH HERE!!!!!!!!!!!! Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A B C D Q is less metallic than P. Q can form and ion of oxidation number 2. More energy is required to remove the 8th electron from P than from Q. The 3rd electron to be removed from P is in the same energy level as the 2nd electron.

5. This question is about the Group V hydrides. NH3 PH3 AsH3 SbH3 Which one of the following statements is TRUE about the above hydrides? A B C D The boiling point of the hydrides increases from NH 3 to SbH3. The solubility of the hydrides increases from NH 3 to SbH3. The H-X-H bond angle decreases from NH3 to SbH3. (X= Group V atom) The ionic character of the hydrides decreases from NH 3 to SbH3.

6. Which one of the following amounts of silver nitrate can be added to 250 cm 3 saturated solution of aqueous silver sulphate so that its solubility is reduced to 1.0 x 10 -3 mol dm-3? [Ksp of silver sulphate = 1.4 x 10-5 mol3 dm-9] A B C D 5.88 X 10-3 mol 1.47 X 10-2 mol 2.94 X 10-2 mol 3.82 X 10-2 mol

7. In the electrolysis of a nitrate solution of metal X, 0.76 g of the element was formed at the cathode by the passage of 0.5 A of current for 1930 seconds. Metal X has a relative atomic mass of 152. Which of the following statements about the above electrolysis are CORRECT? 0.5 x 1930 x 152 96500 x 0.76 The charge on an ion of X is coulombs. When the gas at the anode was collected and a lighted splinter was inserted into it, it burst into flame. A salt bridge containing a concentrated solution of sodium nitrate was used.

1 2 3

Ans: D B D A C C B ACJC 1. Some data on two acid-base indicators are shown below Indicator Approximate pH range Colour Change

Bromocresol green Phenol red

3.8-5.5 6.8-8.5

Acid yellow yellow

Alkali blue red

Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn about a solution in which bromocresol green is blue and phenol red is yellow? A B C D It is strongly acidic It is weakly acidic It is neutral It is weakly alkaline

2. For the pairs of species shown below, in which pair does the second species have a bigger bond angle than the first? A B C D PH3, AsH3 NO3-, ClO2SO32-, CrO42BrF2-, HCN

3. A dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide can be used to bleach hair. It decomposes slowly in aqueous solution according to the following equation: 2H2O2(aq) 2H2O(l) + O2(g) A solution of hydrogen peroxide with an original concentration of 2.4 mol dm -3 was placed in a bottle contaminated with transition metal ions, which act as catalysts for the decomposition. If the rate constant for the decomposition is 0.05 min -1, how long has the solution been left in the bottle if the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is now 0.3 mol dm-3? A B C D 0.15 mins 15.0 mins 30 mins 42 mins

4. A 0.0353 g sample of a volatile organic compound when vaporised completely at 100 kPa and 300 K occupied a volume of 20 cm 3. When this volume of vapour was completely burnt in excess oxygen, 40 cm 3 of carbon dioxide and 40 cm 3 of water vapour were formed. All gaseous volumes were measured under identical conditions. What could be the molecular formula of the organic compound? A B C D C3H8 C2H2O C2H4O C2H3N

5.

energy

Reaction pathway Based on the above reaction profile, which of the following is correct? Number of intermediates 3 3 2 2 Number of transition states 2 2 3 3 Enthalpy change of reaction endothermic exothermic endothermic exothermic

A B C D

Ans: B C D C C AJC 1. Which one of the following equations has an associated enthalpy change that is exothermic? A B C D CH3CH3(g) K+(g) + F-(g) LiCl(s) Mg(g) 2C(g) + K+(aq) + Li+(g) + Mg+(g) + 6H(g) F-(aq) Cl-(g) e-

2. Which value would be required to estimate the lattice energy for the hypothetical compound MgH? A B C D The first ionisation energy of hydrogen The second ionisation energy of magnesium The magnesium-hydrogen bond energy The electron affinity of hydrogen

3. The standard electrode potentials of Sn 2+(aq) | Sn(s) and Zn2+(aq) | Zn(s) are -0.14 V and -0.76 V, respectively. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from these data? A B C D Zinc ions are stronger as an oxidising agent than tin ions. Tin is produced by adding zinc to a solution of tin ions. Tin has a greater tendency than zinc to form positively charged ions. When these half-cells are connected, electrons flow in the external circuit from the tin half-cell to the zinc half-cell.

4. The following equilibria exist in a system containing carbon dioxide and water. CO2(g) + H2O(l) H2CO3(aq) H+(aq) + HCO3-(aq)

Which of the following actions will result in an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide gas that would be absorbed in the solution? A B heating the solution acidifying the solution C D adding an alkali to the solution decreasing the pressure of the carbon dioxide

5. The hydrolysis of (CH3)3CBr (represented as RBr) by hydroxide ion proceeds in two steps RBr R+ + OHR+ + BrROH slow fast

Which one of the following rate equations is consistent with this scheme? A B rate = k[RBr] rate = k[R+][OH-] C D rate = k[RBr][OH-] rate = k[R+][Br-]

6. What is the pH value of a buffer solution containing 0.10 mol dm -3 of aqueous NH3 and 0.20 mol dm-3 of aqueous NH4Cl? (pKb of NH3 = 4.75) A 2.9 B 5.1 C 8.9 D 11.1

7. The diagram represents the Boltzmann distribution of molecular energies at a given temperature. Proportion of molecules

energy As temperature increases, which of the following statements are correct? 1 2 3 At all energies, the proportion of molecules of a particular energy increases. The proportion of molecules with energies above a given value increases. The maximum of the curve is displaced to the right.

8. Methyl red indicator has a pH range of 4.4 - 6.0. Its colour is pink at pH<4.4 and yellow at pH>6.0. Which of these statements about methyl red are correct? 1 2 3 The indicator is yellow in pure water. The indicator is pink in 0.01 mol dm-3 of hydrochloric acid. The indicator is suitable for a weak acid - strong base titration.

9. The enthalpy change of formation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are given below. Hf CO = -110 kJ mol-1 Which of these statements are correct? 1 2 Hf CO2 = -393 kJ mol-1

Carbon monoxide has an exothermic enthalpy change of combustion. Carbon dioxide is energetically more stable than carbon monoxide.

The enthalpy change of combustion of carbon is -393 kJ mol -1.

10. The numerical values for the enthalpy change of hydration, H hydration, for some halide ions are listed in the table below. halide ion numerical values of Hhydration Cl381 kJ mol-1 Br350 kJ mol-1 I307 kJ mol-1

Which property explains the trend shown in this data? 1 2 3 The ionic radius of the halide ion. The proton number of the halide ion. The electron affinity of the halogen atom.

Ans: B D B C A C C B A D

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