RF PROPAGATION AND ANTENNAS A typical system connection is as shown below:

CENTRAL SITE: Calculation of Path Loss (Clear line of Sight) Path Loss PL= 40+20 Log D (D in meters) (In dB) = 40+20 log 10000 = 40+80 =120 dB Transmit Power = 17 dBm (50mW) from AP Cable Loss = 8 dB Power at I/P of Amp= 9dBm Amplifier Gain. = 13 dB Tx power at Output of Amp = 13 +9 =+22 dBm Using 10 dBi Gain Antenna Tx Power = +32 dBm EIRP Receiver Gain = 19 1 (Antenna Gain Cable Loss) =18 dB Receiver Power level = 32 120 + 18 (Tx Power Path Loss + Rx Gain) = 70 dBm Receiver Sensitivity = -85 dBm Fade Margin = 15dB Calculation with 100 ft cable at customer site with Amplifier at customer site (TX gain = 17 dB, R x Gain=10dB) Loss 100 = 8.0 dB with connectors Antenna Gain = 19.0 dBi

Total Gain = 19-8.0 + 10 dB = 21 dB Therefore fade margin is increased by 3 dB. Fade Margin: It is generally recommended to have 10-15 dB fade margin WARNING: connector on the AMP2024AP is non-standard. Care should be taken that it is not damaged, since it cannot be easily replaced. In addition, antennas other than those supplied by Amplidyne may not fit properly and cause harmful interference. Note: All outdoors antennas should by professionally installed and all connections should be weather-sealed including the lightning arrestor. The lightning arrestor should be properly grounded.

Antenna Types The following antennas used in the Amplidyne system: Omni directional Antennas Parabolic Dish Antennas Sector Panel Antennas Narrow Sector Panel Antennas Flat Panel Antennas Omni directional Antennas The omni directional antennas are intended for outdoor use and should be used when full 360 coverage is desired. When the antennas are mounted on a mast, they should be located as high as possible in order to avoid any other object big located beside it.

AOM10 10 dBi Omni Antenna The Antenna Pattern is as shown below:

The AOM10 Omni Antenna has a very narrow elevation (vertical) beamwidth. Both the height and distance separation between the 2 sites must be taken into consideration when selecting the antenna. In order to maximize the coverage area, antennas with a 4 down tilt are available. Below shows the possible dead zone when using a 10 dBi Omni antenna at 100 ft. height.

The calculation for a similarly positioned antenna at 100 ft with a 4 down tilt is as follows:

Stress Relief Cable A 2 length of stress relief cable is provided to connect the N type cable (LMR400) to the small SMA connector.

Cable Lengths and amplifiers For large cable lengths i.e. 150 it is recommended that LMR 600 cable be used. The total attenuation in the cable should not exceed 12 dB, for the amplifier to be effective. Free Space versus non-free space Freznel Zone A visual line of sight between the 2 antennas establishes a non-free space link, a free space link requires line of sight and no objects in the Freznel Zone. See Fig. below:

Propagation Loss Pr/Pt = Gt Gr ( /4d)

where d = distance between Tx and Rx antenna Pt=transmit power (mw) Pr=receives power (mw) Gt= Antenna gain of transmit antenna Gr = Gain of receiver antenna which translates to Lf= 20 * log (f) + 20 * log (d) 10 log (Gt) - 10 log (Gr) 27.6 L (2.4 GHz) = 40+20 *log (d) at 2.4 GHz (Gt = Gr = 1) Zero Gain Antennas

The Freznel Zone This zone is the expansion of the RF signed according to the formula: R = 3.4 d (km) + (d2 km) 8.12 As a rule of thumb, for a distance of 1.5 Km, 4 meters of clearance is needed. The Freznel Zone must be kept free of objects such as trees, other buildings, power lines etc.