Engineering Drawing

An engineering drawing is a tool that used to communicate the design and manufacturing information for a part. Important elements of an engineering drawing are the dimensions and tolerances Most especially, it communicates all needed information from the engineer who designed a part to the workers who will make it. Engineering drawing information includes; 1. Geometry (Shape, size and form of the part) 2. Critical functional relationships. 3. Tolerances allowed for proper function. 4. Material, heat treat, surface coatings. 5. Part documentation information (Part Name, Part Number, Revision level)

Drawing Sheet Sizes

Orthographic Projection:
The straight lines which are passed through an object and projected on the plane are called projection. Orthographic projection (or orthogonal projection) is a means of representing a threedimensional object in two dimensions. An orthographic view consists of one, two or more views of an object taken from different directions, generally at right angles to each other. Orthographic views of any object can be represented by any one the two systems of projections. 1. First angle projection 2. Third angle projection

First Angle Projection and Third Angle Projection

1) What are the basic requirements for a drawing (other than instruments)? a. An Object, which is to be drawn b. An observer, who draws the drawing. c. A Plane, on which the object is drawn 2) How can we draw a drawing to exact dimensions by seeing an object in 2D? There are two ways: 1. Place the object on a paper and trace its outline. (First angle) 2. Place a paper on the object and trace the shadow.(Third angle) First Angle Projection: First angle projection is the drawing of an object by projecting (tracing) the object to a plane of projection (paper) behind the object. Thus, the Object is in between the Observer and the plane of projection (in simple words, the Object is before the plane of projection)

When views are drawn in their relative position Top view comes below Front view, Right side view drawn to the left side elevation.

A First Angle Projection drawing is identified by the first angle projection symbol. The angle of projection symbol typically appears in angle of projection block near to Title block.

Third angle Projection:

Third angle projection is the drawing of an object by projecting (tracing) the object to a plane of projection (paper) in front of the object. Thus, the Plane of Projection is in between the Observer and the object (in simple words, the Object is behind the plane of projection)

When views are drawn in their relative position Top view comes above Front view, Right side view drawn to the right side of elevation.

A Third Angle Projection drawing is identified by the third angle projection symbol. The angle of projection symbol typically appears in angle of projection block near to Title block

Why they are named so:

The denotion of First angle/ Third angle is purely based on the quadrants of the object.

Why no Second or fourth angles of projection:

Now, in case, we have second / fourth angles of projection, it will call for the plane in front of object in one view and behind the object in another one. Thus, it may lead to confusion of views due to non uniformity of the plane, object and observer system

Which is widely used?

In India, First Angle Projection is widely used in all sorts of industries. Even Bureau of Indian Standards prefers the use of First Angle Projection. But, there are few rare applications where third angle projection is used.