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CP/13/C7

MOCK CLAT VII (AIOMC)- ANSWER KEY AND EXPLANATIONS


1.a 2.c 3.a 4.d 5.c 6.b 7.c 8.c 9.c 10.a 11.b 12.b 13.a 14.c 15.c 16.d 17.a 18.b 19.d 20.c 21.b 22.d 23.c 24.c 25.a 26.a 27.b 28.d 29.b 30.d 31.b 32.c 33.d 34.a 35.d 36.b 37.a 38.c 39.d 40.a 41.c 42.d 43.d 44.d 45.a 46.c 47.c 48.b 49.d 50.d 51.b 52.c 53.d 54.a 55.b 56.a 57.a 58.c 59.a 60.b 61.c 62.b 63.c 64.b 65.d 66.c 67.b 68.a 69.c 70.a 71.b 72.d 73.a 74.b 75.d 76.c 77.b 78.c 79.b 80.d 81.b 82.c 83.b 84.b 85.d 86.b 87.a 88.d 89.b 90.c 91.c 92.b 93.b 94.b 95.b 96.a 97.c 98.a 99.c 100.d 101.b 102.c 103.a 104.d 105.c 106.d 107.c 108.b 109.c 110.c 111.d 112.d 113.c 114.d 115.d 116.d 117.c 118.a 119.b 120.a 121.c 122.d 123.b 124.a 125.d 126.c 127.b 128.d 129.d 130.b 131.c 132.b 133.d 134.c 135.a 136.a 137.c 138.b 139.a 140.a 141.c 142.a 143.c 144.a 145.d 146.d 147.a 148.a 149.a 150.d 151.d 152.a 153.b 154.b 155.d 156.c 157.b 158.d 159.c 160.c 161.d 162.c 163.b 164.c 165.a 166.d 167.a 168.c 169.a 170.d 171.c 172.b. 173.b 174.d 175.d 176.b 177.c 178.b 179.b 180.c 181.a 182.d 183.b 184.d 185.b 186.c 187.a 188.d 189.b 190.b 191.c 192.d 193.c 194.d 195.c 196.c 197.d 198.c 199.a 200.c

SECTION I- ENGLISH
6. (b) Which should be replaced by that as this clause is a restrictive one. 7. (c) revelations over his death instead of revelations into his death. 8. (c) making instead of makes. 9. (c) reportedly is the adjective form of reported and so it has to be there to modify the verb raised. 10. (a) Gruelling will modify training and not months. So the correct statement will be After months of gruelling training and deployment. 1

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CP/13/C7 11. (b) gathered through instead of gathered in. 12. (b) that instead of so. 13. (a) takedown instead of take away. Take away is a learning from something while a takedown is a piece of writing. 14. (c) riff-raff means masses while riff is a melodic phrase of guitar music that forms an accompaniment for a soloist. So riff instead of riff-raffs. 15. (c) there are three advantages mentioned here, so all three are known and specific. Thats why it should read the third one instead of a third one. 16. (d) Aunt Tom is the idiom. It refers to a successful professional or business woman who, due to her success in a masculine profession, doesn't care about the women's liberation movement or the passing of the Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. 17. (a) Back to the wall is the idiom. It means in a trap, with no way to escape; in bad trouble. 18. (b) Bakers dozen is Thirteen. 19. (d) balled up means to make a mess of; confuse 20. (c) the idiom is behind the eight-ball and it means in a difficult position; in trouble 21. The correct answer is (b). There are three main ideas here: Quantum mechanics gives probability of an event, 2. Einstein thought it was incomplete, 3. Experiments have proved his idea to be incorrect. 22. The correct answer is (d). The only thing that this passage clearly mentions is that it is not sure what causes a helix to be left or right handed in shape. 23. The correct answer is (c). Two important elements must be considered here 1: rhetoric is very human centric and 2. Many do not consider such stuff to be pure logic. 24. The correct answer is (c). three elements have to be mentioned 1. Twains book is a spoof, 2/ a yankee lands accidentally in the 16th century 3. The book is not appreciated by the public. 25. The correct answer is (a). The passage talks about how the writer applauds his friend when he enters the stage and the reason for the happiness is not what you or anyone would consider to be usual. 31. The correct answer is (b). There are two errors here. The first is that of a misplaced modifier, already, which has been incorrectly placed near Sonia Gandhi. It should be placed near sparring. The second is a spelling error; sparring (fighting) has been incorrectly spelled as sparing. 32. The correct answer is (c). The reporters and photographers walked past and sitting will not go together. As sitting would mean that they are already sitting. What the writer wishes to mention is that the reporters walked past the lion and that the reporters want to sit among the curios. And not that the lion is 2

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CP/13/C7 sitting in the waiting room. A list generally takes one preposition and so only collection of bone china and assorted curios is all right. Sit in on is to attend something. 33. The correct answer is (d). Seceded takes a from and not away or apart. Seceded is incorrectly spelt. 34. The correct answer is (a). The given statement is perfectly correct. The statement says that Malayalams claim that it should be accorded the status of a classical language has not been met, even thought other Dravidian origin languages have already got that status. 35. The correct answer is (d). Three qualities are mentioned here: Antiquity of the language, the richness and diversity of culture and Keralas pluralistic civilisational backdrop. All three have to take these forms only. 36. (b) all things flow;the observation that everything is in a constant state of change, that all things are in a flux and therefore nothing can prevent change, was first made famous by the Greek philosopher Heraclitus (c.540c.470 B.C.). 37. (a) AN-shloos annexation, also political union, more specifically the union between Nazi Germany and Austria accomplished by Hitler in 1938. Outside the European context, the term can be used more broadly to mean any improper agreement involving occupation of foreign territories. 38. (c) FEST-shrift literally celebration-writing, it can also appear in lower case: festschrift, the plural is Festschriften or Festschrifts a collection of essays written in honor of a prominent scholar usually marking an anniversary or an important period in that scholars professional life. 39. (d) LIGHT-moh-TEEF, also spelled leitmotif, lead motif, a dominant theme, a recurrent musical or literary pattern characterizing a composition, a novel, or the behavior of a character in an opera or a literary piece. 40. (a) cheap imitation, low quality, sleazy; cognate with German schlag blow, originally broken merchandise, then generalized.

SECTION II- GENERAL KNOWLEDGE


69. (c) The Bhabli project is a controversial reservoir project being constructed by Maharashtra across the river Godavari, disputed by Andhra Pradesh. The dispute arises from the fact that S.B. Chavan and Jalagam Vengal Rao reached an agreement in October 1975, which was later made part of the Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal (GWDT) Award. As per the terms of the pact Maharashtra could utilise 60 tmcft of Godavari water while Andhra Pradesh could go ahead with building the Sriram Sagar Project (SRSP) and utilise all the balance water. Andhra Pradesh's contention is that Maharashtra has used up its quota in course of time by building four projects. Presently Supreme Court is hearing the dispute. 3

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CP/13/C7 70. (a) In the Men's singles, Novak Djokovic beat Andy Murray by 5.7, 7.6, 6.3 to win the Shanghai Masters tennis title. 71. (b) Norodom Sihanouk played a crucial role in the life of Cambodia for more than 60 years. Norodom Sihanouk came to the throne in 1941 at the age of 19. Sihanouk was heralded for bringing his ancient kingdom through independence from France, war and genocide to form a fragile democracy. For the people of Cambodia he was a much loved father figure through decades of instability and bloodshed. 72. (d) Infotech Enterprises. The award was given based on the recommendations of the jury headed by Justice P N Bhagawati, former Chief Justice of India and Member, 75. (d) 15th October In December 2007 the UN General Assembly decided that the particular role of rural women should be highlighted by making 15th October 2008 the first International Day of Rural Women. 76. (c) They have won the prize for research on how to match different agents as well as possible. Their work can be used to help match donors of human organs with patients in need of a transplant, or students with universities, or Internet search engines that auction out space for advertisers. The pair worked independently of each other but the success of their research is due to the combination of Shapley's theoretical results with Roth's insights into their practical value. 77. (b) The lion.tailed macaque or the wanderoo, is an Old World monkey endemic to the Western Ghats of South India. The lion.tailed macaque ranks among the rarest and most threatened primates. Their range has become increasingly isolated and fragmented by the spread of agriculture and tea, coffee, teak and cinchona, construction of water reservoirs for irrigation and power generation, and human settlements to support such activities. 78. (c) Symbolising web of life, It would traverse on foot and non.motorised vehicles for a distance 1,125 km in various States and reach Allahabad, the site of Maha Kumbh in January next.From there, it would travel to various countries and reach South Korea for the next CoP meeting in 2014. 81. (b) Mr. Sukhdev is the founder.CEO of GIST Advisory, a consulting firm that is helping governments and corporations in the measurement, valuation and management of their impacts on natural and human capital. He leads the study commissioned by the G8+5 countries on The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity, or TEEB, and the Green Economy Initiative of the UNEP. 82. (c) The holistic approach adopted towards conservation, protection and management of the park earned the reserve laurels. Equal attention was being given to research, wildlife protection, pilgrim management, and participatory forest management practices at the reserve. 83. (b) West Indies legends Clive Lloyd, Brian Lara and Sir Garfield Sobers have also got this honour. 84. (b) Mr. Karadic said that instead of being put on trial, he should have been rewarded for the good work he had done. He denied the charges and claimed he was motivated by peace and the need to protect the Bosnian Serb people.

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CP/13/C7 86. (b) Hyderabad In the evaluation, the city scored 36 points while Brussels topped the list with 55 among the 14 cities across the world. The index evaluated the status of biodiversity and is expected to serve as a monitoring method to promote better management of resources and conservation efforts. 88. (d) The Economic Cooperation Organization is a regional intergovernmental economic body established in 1985 by the countries of Central Asia and the Middle East and is the successor of the Regional Cooperation for Development which acted on the basis of the Charter . the Izmir Treaty, signed by three founding countries . Iran, Pakistan and Turkey on March 12, 1977. 89. (b) "The 'Dodo Awards', are conferred on those governments, who have failed to evolve, and whose actions at the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are contributing to, rather than preventing, biodiversity loss.

SECTION III NUMERIC ABILITY


91. (c) By observation (x,y) = (5,2) or (2,5) Hence x3 + y3 = 53 + 23 = 133. Alternative x3 + y3 = (x + y)3 - 3xy(x+y) = (7)3 - 3*10(7) = 133 92. (b) As per the statement in the question, we have N = 120k + 52 .Now when N is divided by 12, the first term gets completely divided and the second term leaves a remainder of 4. Therefore the net remainder is 4. 93. (b) Easily verified by options 94. (b) 27 -4/3 = 1/243. 95. (b) By using BODMAS its (b). 96. (a) As per the statements in the question, we have P (1.04) (1.04) (1.04) = 17576. P (1.125) = 17576 P = 15625. 97. (c) 5

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CP/13/C7 Check by options 98. (a) According to question X1 Y1 Z2 = x X2 Y2 Z1 And Here X1 = a; Y1 = b and Z1= c X2 = ? ; Y2 = b2 and Z2 = c2 By putting these values in above equation we will get X2 = ab/c. 99. (c) Since S.P of 20 articles = CP of 24 articles, it shows gain. And Gain % = [(24 - 20) / 20]x 100 = 20%. 100. (d)

101. (b) 102. (c) Three digits biggest number is 999, and it gives remainder 9 for 11, so 992 will give remainder 2 for 11. Alternate: Check options. 103. (a) 3a = 4b = 5c => a : b : c = 20: 15 : 12 so b : c : a = 15: 12: 20 . 104. (d) Let A, B, C and Ds amounts are x, 2x, 3x and 4x respectively. Hence Difference between D's and A's amount is 3x (=4x - x), and according to question its 816, So 3x = 816 => x = 272 We need amount of B and C together = 2x + 3x = 5x = 5*272 = 1360. 105. (c) Let Fraction be (X/1) 6

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CP/13/C7 By question,

[500% increase is 6 times of the number and that of 300% increase is 4 times) =

X=

106. (d) Total number of chocolates = 150 x ( 10% of 150) = 150 x 15 = 2250. 107. (c) X2 = 75x1083 = 25x3x3x361 = 52x32x192 => X = 5x3x19 = 285. 108. (b) Principal = 1000; Rate = 10%, Effective Rate = 10/2 = 5% (semi annually) Time = T (say), Effective Time= 2T (semi annually) Amount = 1157.625 A = P( 1 + R/100)T 1157.625 = 1000 ( 1 + 5/100)2T 1.157625 = (1.05)3 = (1.05)2T So, 2T = 3 So, T = 1.5 yrs 109. (c) n^3 = (
() 2 )

[ n^3 is summation of 3rd power of first n natural numbers]


() 2 )

(13 + 23 + 33 + ....... + 103) = (

= 552 = 3025.

SETION IV- LEGAL APTITUDE


111. (d) Firstly, as per Principle 1 the contract entered into between Silk and Malika is void because of the illegal object behind the contract. Secondly, as per Principle 3 allowing the brothel to run would be against public policy and as it is mentioned in the Principle that public policy is supreme law the exception of irrevocability carved out in Principle 3 becomes irrelevant. 112. (d) This is not a case of trademark infringement as a deceptively similar trademark should be used for a similar service or product for it to amount to infringement but in the present fact situation it is used for a totally different service. It cannot be a defamation case too as from the facts it cannot be decisively said that the words were directed towards Silk to lower her reputation. 7

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CP/13/C7 113. (c) It is not relevant that Mr. Behosh found a stalk saved from last year but the fact that in case of Nashemanns default Mr. Behosh would definitely suffer loss, gives him the right to avoid the contract and claim compensation. 114. (d) The interference by Chameli amounts to nuisance as per Principle 1 and not private nuisance as the interference caused by here is reasonable as using a stove for cooking is an essential activity which will cause some amount of smoke but it is unlawful as she is not residing on the adjacent land lawfully. The slum dwellers do not have a claim as they do not have any right arising out of the property as they are in wrongful possession of the same. 115. (d) Laxmi Bai shall be liable as she was negligent in caring the goods which caused the accident. Kamla being her master would be vicariously liable as Laxmi was acting in the course of employment. The shop keeper who sold the ghee would not be liable as his negligence in losely packing the product could not have directly caused death of a person. It was the additional negligence of Laxmi that caused the accident. 116. (d) As Bhajanlal did not owe any duty of care towards the student so the damage due to breach of duty cannot be said to be reasonably foreseeable. 117. (c) Same as above. 118. (a) Rajus mothers instigated the offence through her statement as being his mother she should have known his mental condition and should have foreseen that a statement of the sort made by her can easily incite Raju to attempt suicide. 119. (a) Strictly going by the principle Sanjeev cannot have a cause of action as the act was done in the course of employment. 120. (a) Nowhere in the facts it is stated that the residents of the colony permitted the performer to enter the park. In such a case, even though the performer was there for recreational purposes of the residents he cannot be said to have entered the land legally. 121. (c) 122. (d) Dog cannot be covered under volenti non fit injuria. 124. (a) Rams hit was merely incidental and did not warrant a response like establishing right to private defence. 130. (b) While interference is generally unreasonable, it cannot be so deemed in light of the fact that it was an industrial area which Sampath already knew.

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CP/13/C7 148. (a) Ownership is not relevant in theft but possession of the property is. The time when Raman took the clothes from the drycleaner it was in the lawful possession of the drycleaner and therefore its movement with a dishonest intention will make Raman liable of theft. 149. (a) A can make use of right of self defence even if the person against whom he used it is a mad man.

SECTION V-LOGICAL REASONING


161. (d) He is at starting point. 163. (b) Divide sequence in group of 4, there is a repetition of abcd in each group ab?d | a?cd | abcd | a?c? So, its cbbd. 164. (c) Calendar of a leap year repeats after every 28 years within century. So it will repeat in 2040. 165. (a) Age in decreasing order Sita Ram Mohan Gita Kumar 168. (c) X is not in the given series. Knock-Out Team 87 44 22 11 6 3 2 Total 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. (d) (c) (b) (b) (d)

Round Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7

Matches Walk-Overs 43 1 22 0 11 0 5 1 3 0 1 1 1 0 86 3

175. (d) 9

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CP/13/C7 Clock Time + Mirror Time should be equal to 12:00, hence (d).

176. (b) The basic move by Mrs. Y is to offer a competing explanation for the phenomenon. That is, she seems to agree that the United States has the 17th lowest infant mortality rate, but she attributes this to distributional factors rather than to medical technology itself. (c) is the second most attractive answer. But Mrs. Y does not introduce any intervening variables, e.g., technology allows more pregnancies that would otherwise abort to go to term, which in turn means that weaker infants are born, and so more die. (a) is incorrect since Mrs. Y seems to accept the validity of the data and to contest the explanation. (d) is incorrect for the same reason. 177. (c) The speaker is arguing that the budget cuts will not ultimately be detrimental to the poor. (c) attacks this conclusion directly by pointing out that they will receive little or no advantage. (a) and (b) are wrong because they are irrelevant: how or why politicians are elected is not a concern of the speaker. And (d) seems to strengthen the speakers position by suggesting a way in which the poor would benefit.

178. (b) The author is accusing the artists of being inconsistent, claiming that they give lip service to the idea that an artist must suffer, but that they then live in material comfortso they do not themselves suffer. Only (b) completes the paragraph in a way so that this inconsistency comes out. (a) and (d) can be dismissed because the author is attacking artists, not connoisseurs or purchasers of art, nor critics of art. (c) is inadequate, for it does not reveal the inconsistency. The author apparently allows that these people are, after a fashion, artists, but objects to their claiming that it is necessary to suffer while they do not themselves suffer.

179. (b) Choice (b) is an assumption of the author because the inconsistency of which the author accuses others would disappear if, though they were not poor, they nonetheless endured great suffering, e.g., emotional pain or poor health. (a) is not an assumption of the author. The author is trying to prove the existence of a contradiction in anothers words and actions: It is the others who insist suffering is necessary. The author never says one way or the other whether suffering is necessary to produce art only that these others claim it is, and then eat well. (c) incorrectly construes the authors reference to purchasers of art. There is no mention of the role of the critic. (d) makes the mistake of applying the term fools to a category other than bidders.

180. (c) Take careful note of the exact position the author ascribes to the analysis: They always attribute a sudden drop to a crisis. The author then attacks this simple causal explanation by explaining that, though a crisis is followed by a market drop, the reason is not that the crisis causes the drop but that both are the effects of some common cause, the changing of the moon. Of course, the argument seems implausible, but our task is not to grade the argument, only to describe its structure. (a) is not a proper characterization of that structure since the author never provides a specific example. (b), too, is inapplicable since no 10

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CP/13/C7 statistics are produced. Finally, though the author concedes the reliability of the reports in question, he wants to draw a different conclusion from the data, (d).

181. (a) Given the implausibility of the authors alternative explanation, he is probably speaking tonguein-cheek, that is, he is ridiculing the analysts for always attributing a drop in the market to a political crisis. But whether you took the argument in this way or as a serious attempt to explain the fluctuations of the stock market, (a) will be the correct answer. (d) surely goes beyond the mere factual description at which the author is aiming. The author is concerned with the causes of fluctuations; nothing suggests that he or anyone else is in a position to exploit those fluctuations. (c) finds no support in the paragraph for nothing suggests that he wishes to attack the credibility of the source rather than the argument itself. Finally, (b) is inappropriate to the main point of the passage. Whether the market ultimately evens itself out has nothing to do with the causes of the fluctuations. 182. (d) The assumption necessary to the authors reasoning is the fairly abstract or minimal one that there is a connection between the characteristics of a work of art and the period during which it was produced. If there were no such connection, that is, if there were no styles of art that lasted for some time but only randomly produced works unrelated to one another by medium, content, or detail, the argument would fail. Every other answer, however, attributes too much to the author. (c), for example, states that the expert can pinpoint the date of the work, but this goes far beyond the authors attempt to date generally a particular piece of pottery. The author mentions that the details of seminude women and bulls are characteristic of the late proto-Minoan period, not that they generally characterize the entire history of that people. (b) also goes far beyond the details offered. The author connects the bull with a period of proto-Minoan civilizationnot ancient civilizations in general. Finally, (a) fails because, while the author apparently believes that proto-Minoan pottery of this period was made in a certain way, there is no claim that all such pottery came from this period. The author uses a group of characteristics in combination to date the pottery: It is the combination that is unique to the period, not each individual characteristic taken in isolation.

183. (b) The weakness in the argument is that it makes an assertion without any supporting argumentation. The author states that things might turn out to be worse, but never mentions any specific way in which the result might be considered less desirable than what presently exists. As for (a), the author might have chosen to attack the radicals in this way, but not having adopted a particular line of attack is not nearly so severe a criticism as that expressed by (b)that the line of attack that was adopted is defective, or at least incomplete. The same reasoning applies to (c). It is true the author might have taken the attack proposed by (c), but choosing not to is not nearly so serious a weakness as that pointed out by (b). Finally, (d) describes existing conditions, but it does not treat the question whether there should be a revolution; and, in any event, to defend against the question whether there should be a revolution by arguing there will not be one would itself be weak, had the author used the argument.

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CP/13/C7 184. (d) The author cites a series of similarities between the two diseases, and then in his last sentence writes, So . . . , indicating that the conclusion that the causes of the two diseases are similar rests upon the other similarities the author has listed. Answer (d) correctly describes the basis of the argument. (a) is incorrect, for nothing in the passage indicates that either disease is a public health hazard, much less that one disease is a greater hazard than the other. (b) is unwarranted, for the author states only that the scientists are looking for a cure for aphroditis melancholias, not that they will be successful; and even if there is a hint of that in the argument, we surely would not want to conclude on that basis that scientists will eventually find a cure for every disease. (c) is probably the second best answer, but it is still completely wrong. The authors argument, based on the assumption that similarity of effect depends upon similarity of cause, would neither gain nor lose persuasive force if (d) were true. After all, many diseases occur in both man and other animals, but at least (c) has the meritwhich (a) and (b) lackof trying to say something about the connection between the causes and effects of disease.

185. (b) The authors behavior is paradoxical because he is going along with the young mans paradoxical statement. He concludes the young man is lying because the young man told him so, but that depends on believing what the young man told him is true. So he accepts the content of the young mans statement in order to reject the statement. Once it is seen that there is a logical twist to this problem, the other answer choices can easily be rejected. (a), of course, overlooks the paradoxical nature of the tourists behavior. The stranger may have been trying to be helpful, but what is curious about the tourists behavior is not that he rejected the strangers offer of advice, but that he relied on that very advice at the moment he rejected it! (c) also overlooks the paradox. It is true the tourist rejects the advice, but his rejection is not understandable; if anything it is self-contradictory, and therefore completely incomprehensible. (d) is the poorest possible choice since it makes a value judgment totally unrelated to the point of the passage.

186. (c) As explained in the previous question, the tourists behavior is self-contradictory. So, too, the sentence mentioned in (c) is self-contradictory. For if the sentence is taken to be true, what it asserts must be the case, so the sentence turns out to be false. On the other hand, if the sentence is taken to be false, then what it says is correct, so the sentence must be true. In other words, the sentence is true only if it is false, and false only if it is true: a paradox. (a) and (b) do not have even the flavor of paradox. They are just straightforward statements. Do not be deceived by the fact that (b) refers to an about-face. To change directions, or even ones testimony, is not self-contradictory. Finally, (d) is a straightforward, selfconsistent statement. Although the worker is advised to dissemble, he does not claim that he is both telling the truth and presenting a false image at the same time. 187. (a) All Bangles are Ornaments + Some Ornaments are Treasures does not allow us to state with certainty that Some Bangles are Treasures. However, it remains possible that there might be an intersection between Bangles and Treasures, rendering it true that it is not impossible for some treasures to be bangles (i).

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CP/13/C7 No Treasure is Picture + All Colours are Pictures = No treasures are colours. Therefore (ii) is definitely false, for it is impossible (contradictory) for any treasures to be colours given the above conclusion that follows validly from the given statements. 188. (d) Some Necklaces are Bangles + All Bangles are Ornaments = Some necklaces are ornaments. Some necklaces are ornaments + some ornaments are treasures allows for the possibility (though not certainty) of Some necklaces being treasures. (ii) amounts to saying It is possible that some treasures are necklaces, since it has a double-negative form. The lower three of the given set of statements allows us to deduce that those necklaces that are pictures cannot possibly be treasures, but the top three statements leave open the possibility that those necklaces that are both bangles and ornaments might also be treasures. 189. (b) All Colours are Pictures + Some Pictures are Necklaces does not allow us to conclude with certainty that some colours are necklaces. The conclusion might possibly be true, but it does not necessarily follow, since the set of necklaces might be drawn as intersecting pictures (exterior circle) but not colours (interior circle). Some Necklaces are Bangles + All Bangles are Ornaments = Some necklaces are ornaments = some ornaments are necklaces. (ii) 190. (b) A possible venn-diagrammatic representation for the set of facts All Bangles are Ornaments & Some Ornaments are Treasures is the set T being the interior-most (smallest) of three concentric sets, with B being the next, and O the outermost (exterior/largest) set-circle. Therefore it cannot be stated with certainty that Some treasures are not bangles (though it is possible, under other possible representations). In other words, the middle term of the relevant premisses i.e. ornaments is undistributed in both premisses, making it invalid to draw any categorical conclusions about the relationship, if any, betwixt treasures and bangles. Nothing can be a treasure as well as a picture since No treasures are pictures, regardless of whether the treasure in question is a bangle or not. Therefore (ii) is a valid conclusion. 191. (c) Regardless of whether the govt is in the right or wrong to have cut-off the power, no citizen has the right to flout government orders that have not been struck down by a court of law as illegal or malafide or in breach of good faith. Making a symbolic protest by re-connecting power to one or at most a few such households might well be understandable and even acceptable in a democracy like ours, but doing the same for all such households is not forceful but vigilantist, anarchistic and thus completely unjustifiable. (iii) is weak since the question concerns the justifiability of proposed actions and not their personal consequences to the doer (such as possible electrocution).

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CP/13/C7 192. (d) No citizen is totally free to do whatever he or she wants; All our freedoms are bound by law i.e. reasonable legal rules restrictions. Also, we cannot rightfully imply shadiness as characterizing any business dealings till a court of law or designated authorities have found said dealings to be somehow illegal or under-handed. (iii) is weak since making massive profits does grant anyonea license to do whatever they want, and real estate must be bought or sold as per the rules and the applicable laws. (iv) is weak since no corruption has as yet been legally established in said case. 193. (c) (i) is weak as it offers no argument in favor, but a only a counter-question. (ii) is weak since it subjectively and negatively attributes extravagance to a sporting event and arbitrarily correlates it to poverty in a sweeping, biased manner. (iii) is strong on socio-cultural and economic grounds. (iv) is weak since it makes an exceedingly pessimistic and arguably false assessment of the state of hockey, and arbitrarily correlates its perceived decline with a newly introduced sport. 194. (d) (i) and (iii) are strong on grounds of pragmatism, compassion, decency, since to show fellowfeeling would be ethical and is likely to be well-received by the public at large. (ii) is strong on purely legal grounds (though it arguably ignores the ethical issue), since a person is free to spend their fortune as they deem fit as long as the acquisition of said fortune and its expenditure both meet legal requirements. (iv) is weak since it is not an argument in favor but a counter-question. 195. (c) (i) is weak since it can be argued very strongly that the components of goodness are contextdependent and not inherent, which makes (ii) strong. Also, soldiers who kill the countrys enemies would be considered good in the context of war, but not kind, which makes iv strong. (iii) is weak since it offers only a single example in support of a general affirmation. 196. (c) (i) is suggesting pretence and chest-beating and blanket denial as a response to a serious situation, whereas (ii) is making the impractical suggestion of exclusive focus on corruption at the expense of other equally serious issues. Thus neither of the two follows. (iii) Suggests acceptance of the problem and offers concrete measures for its solution, and is therefore strong. 197. (d) Since the student only seems to be trying to cheat from your paper, both direct warning or complaints to the invigilator are precipitate courses of action. (iii) is more reasonable, given that you have limited time to finish an exam, and that time is best spent in focused tackling of the questions rather than extraneous, suspected attempts at cheating by others. 198. (c) (i) are (iii) are extreme and presumptuous proposals. Only (ii) proposes a reasonable course of action given that the internet is one of the new platforms for social interaction and that there have been case where its open-ness and easy accessibilty have been found to be culpable in certain undesirable actions by minors. 199. (a) (i) is arbitrary, whereas (iii) is both fanciful and impractical. (iii) is a valid, pre-emptive course of action that targets the problem at its root by advocating emphasis on reading at school-level itself. 14

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CP/13/C7 200. (c) (i) and (ii) make good ethical and social sense, while (iii) is arguably violative of the fundamental right to freedom of expression.

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