NANYANG JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Higher 2

CANDIDATE NAME

CLASS

TUTORS NAME

PHYSICS
Paper 2 Structured Questions

9646/02
12 September 2012 1 hour 45 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and class on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. It is recommended that you spend about 1 hour 15 minutes on this section. Section B Answer Question 7. It is recommended that you spend about 30 minutes on this section. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiners Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total

This document consists of 17 printed pages.

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2 Data

speed of light in free space, permeability of free space, permittivity of free space,

c
o o

= = =

3.00 x 108 m s-1 4 x 10-7 H m-1 8.85 x 10-12 Fm -1 (1 / (36 )) x 10-9 Fm-1 1.60 x 10-19 C 6.63 x 10-34 J s 1.66 x 10-27 kg 9.11 x 10-31 kg 1.67 x 10-27 kg 8.31 J K-1 mol-1 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 1.38 x 10-23 J K-1 6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2
-2 9.81 m s-2

elementary charge, the Planck constant, unified atomic mass constant, rest mass of electron, rest mass of proton, molar gas constant, the Avogadro constant, the Boltzmann constant, gravitational constant, acceleration of of free free fall fall, acceleration
Formulae uniformly accelerated motion,

e h u me mp R NA k G

= = = = = = = = =

g = =

s v2

= = = =

ut + at2 u2 + 2as pV gh
Gm / r

work done on/by a gas, hydrostatic pressure, gravitational potential, displacement of particle in s.h.m. velocity of particle in s.h.m.

W p

=
x v = = =

xo sin t vo cos t

(x

2 o

x2

mean kinetic energy of a molecule of an ideal gas

3 kT 2 R1 + R2 + 1/R1 + 1/R2 + Q / 4or xo sin t exp(-2kd)

8 2 m ( U E ) h2

resistors in series, resistors in parallel, electric potential, alternating current/voltage, transmission coefficient,

R 1/R V x T where k

= = = = = = = =

radioactive decay, decay constant

xo exp (-t)
0.693 t1
2

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3 Section A

For Examiners Use

Answer all questions. It is recommended that you spend about 1 hour 15 minutes on this section.
1

A uniform ladder of weight W rests against a rough vertical wall, and is tilted at an angle from the rough horizontal ground. Fig. 1 shows the free-body diagram of the ladder. NG is the normal reaction force acting on the ladder due to the ground while NW is the normal reaction force acting on the ladder due to the wall.

NW Wall NG

W Fig. 1
(a) (b)

Ground

Complete Fig.1 by including the frictional forces fW and fG exerted by the wall and the ground respectively. [1] By taking moments about an appropriate point, show that

NW tan = NG

W 2

[2]
(c)

Given that W = 100 N, = 40, and NG = 70 N, determine the value of fG.

fG =
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N [2]
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4 (d)

For Examiners Use

Some rubbery material is attached to the top of the ladder. State with explanations, if any, how NG and NW will change.

[2]
2

A piece of resistance wire PQ is connected to a cell of e.m.f. E1 of internal resistance r in series with external resistor R as shown in Fig. 2.1. The resistance of PQ is 1.2R. E1 r R

P
Fig. 2.1 (a)

Show that the potential difference across PQ is

1.2RE1 . 2.2R + r

[2]
(b)

A potentiometer shown in Fig. 2.2 is set up to determine the internal resistance r of the cell E1 which is placed in series with a variable resistor R. A standard cell of e.m.f. E2 of negligible internal resistance is used in the secondary circuit. The galvanometer reads zero when the jockey is placed at J, such that PJ:JQ = 1:3. E1 r R

E2
Fig. 2.2
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5 (i)

For Examiners Use

Given E1 = 12.0 V, E2 = 1.5 V and R = 2.0 , find the value of the internal resistance, r.

r=
(ii)

[3]

Determine the values for the current through E1 and E2 when the jockey is at J.

current through E1 = current through E2 =

(iii)

A A [2]

While still in contact with the wire PQ, the jockey is shifted nearer to Q. Suggest a possible change so that the galvanometer reads zero again.

[1]
3

A space station orbits the Earth once every 200 minutes. Its orbit is 4900 km above the surface of the Earth, which has a radius of 6400 km.
(a)

Show that the acceleration of the space station is 3.1 m s-2.

[2]
(b)

Hence determine the mass of the Earth.

mass of Earth =
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kg [2]
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6 (c)

For Examiners Use

A crate of mass 5.2 kg is found inside the space station. Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force acting on the crate.

magnitude of resultant force = direction of resultant force =

(d) Explain why the crate in (c) can be said to experience weightlessness.

N [2]

[1] 4 (a) Laser beams are described as being highly coherent. Explain what being coherent means, and the way in which a laser beam is coherent.

[2] (b) Explain the meaning of the term population inversion.

[2] (c) Describe how population inversion facilitates the formation of a coherent laser beam.

[2]

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7 5 A loudspeaker magnet NSN has its moving coil C attached to a spring balance, as shown in Fig. 5.1. (The paper cone, normally attached to the cardboard cylinder forming the coil, is not shown.) Current was passed through the coil C, and the spring balance support T was adjusted so that the coil C was restored to its original position. The readings F on the balance (which has a certain zero error present) for various current I were plotted in Fig. 5.2. N T adjustment

For Examiners Use

spring balance D C

Fig. 5.1 F / N vs / A 3.50

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00 0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

0.900

Fig. 5.2 (a) Draw the best fit line and determine the gradient of the line.

gradient =
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N A-1 [3]
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8 (b) Determine the zero error of the balance.

For Examiners Use

zero error = (c)

N [2]

If the mean diameter, D, of the coil is 0.025 m and the number of turns is 50, calculate the flux density at the coil, assuming that the field is radial.

flux density = 6 (a)

T [3]

An experiment was performed to investigate photoelectric effect. Fig. 6.1 shows the result for one value of wavelength.

6 5 4 Work function 3 / eV 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Stopping potential Vs / V Fig. 6.1 (i)

Give one observation of photoelectric effect that provides evidence for the particulate nature of electromagnetic radiation.

[1]

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9 (ii)

For Examiners Use

Explain how the observation stated in (a)(i) illustrates the particulate nature of electromagnetic radiation.

[1]
(iii)

Mark on Fig. 6.1 the result of shining light of wavelength 1.55 10-7 m on the same material. [1]

(b)

Fig. 6.2 shows a filament bulb emitting white light surrounded by a region of cooler helium gas. cooler helium gas

bulb emitting white light

Fig. 6.2

State and explain the type of helium spectrum observed from

(i)

point B

[2]
(ii)

point A

[1]

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10 (c)

For Examiners Use

An interesting quantum mechanical effect occurs in alpha decay. Fig. 6.3 shows how the potential energy of an -particle inside a nucleus varies with distance and the dotted line gives the total energy of an -particle. R0 is the radius of the nucleus. Classically, it is impossible for an -particle to escape. Potential energy U Total energy of -particle

R0

distance

Fig. 6.3

Explain how alpha decay occurs.

[3]

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11 7

For Examiners Use

The diagram below shows a gamma ray detector receiving gamma radiation from a radioactive source. S is the number of gamma photons emitted per unit time. The detector will only detect a fraction of this number. N is the number of gamma photons detected by the detector per unit time.
Unless otherwise stated, background count has already been corrected for.

Radioactive Source Entry Window for photons

(a)

Body of Detector

Suggest two reasons why the quantity S is not equal to N.

[2] The efficiency of the detector, is defined as N / S. Table 7.1 shows how varies with the energy of the gamma photons, E.
(b)

Complete the first four columns in Tables 7.1.

Energy of Gamma Photon, E / keV S / s-1 N / s-1 Efficiency,

[2]

60 86 123 345 769 962 1406

2000000 1850000 1589000 1480000

42400 69005

0.0212 0.0373 0.0330

35520 11978 0.0186 0.0173 0.0153

Table 7.1

820000 1170000

14186

It is suggested by a scientist that energy of Gamma photon is related to the efficiency according to the equation shown below up till the lower limit of 80 keV.

= AE B
where A and B are constants.

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12 (c)

For Examiners Use

Plot a suitable graph on the grid provided below for a range of 86 keV E 1406 keV to determine the value of A and B in SI units where applicable. Quote all values to 3 significant figures. (You may use the two extra columns on the right of Table 7.1 to tabulate other quantities.)

A= B=

[4]

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13 (d)

For Examiners Use

There is a general trend of an increase in the efficiency with decreasing Gamma ray energy. However, when the energy of the gamma ray is 60 keV, the efficiency drops suddenly. Suggest two possible reasons for this.

[2]
(e)

This detector is now used to study the activity of an unknown Gamma ray source. The average energy of each gamma photon is 200 keV. The detector registered a total count of 26157600 in a time interval of 10 minutes. Calculate the activity detected by the detector, N.

N= (f)

Bq [2]

Calculate the actual activity, S, of the source.

S= (h)

Bq [2]

Suggest one possible problem when using this detector to study the activity of a radioactive source that emits 1 MeV gamma photons. The radioactive sample is uniform and has a half-life of 10 minutes.

[1]

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14 Section B

For Examiners Use

It is recommended that you spend about 30 minutes on this section.

8

Beta particles can be deflected by magnetic fields. Design a laboratory experiment to investigate how magnetic flux density affects the angle through which beta particles are deflected when they pass through a uniform magnetic field. The only radioactive source that is available to you is a Radium-226 source which emits , and radiation.
You should draw a diagram showing the arrangement of your apparatus. In your account you should pay particular attention to (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) the procedure to be followed the method by which beta particles only would be detected the method of measuring angle of deflection how the magnetic field would be produced, measured and changed any safety precautions you would take. [12]

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15 Diagram

For Examiners Use

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16

For Examiners Use

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17

For Examiners Use

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