Jurong Junior College: 2012 JC2 Preliminary Examination

JJC 2012 9646/JC2 Prelim Exam P3/2012
JURONG JUNIOR COLLEGE

2012 JC2 Preliminary Examination

Name Class 11S

PHYSICS
Higher 2

Longer Structured Questions

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
9646/03

10 Sept 2012

2 hours

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so.

Write your name and class in the spaces provided at the top of this
page.

Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Section A
Answer all questions.

Section B
Answer any two questions.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each
question or part question.
For
Examiners Use
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Total

(This question paper consists of 20 printed pages)

JJC 2012 9646/JC2 Prelim Exam P3/2012 [Turn Over

2
Data
speed of light in free space, c = 3.00 10
8
m s
1

permeability of free space,
o
= 4t 10
7
H m
1

permittivity of free space, c
o
= 8.85 10
12
F m
1
= (1/(36t)) 10
9
F m
1

elementary charge, e = 1.60 10
19
C
the Planck constant, h = 6.63 10
34
J s
unified atomic mass constant, u = 1.66 10
27
kg
rest mass of electron, m
e = 9.11 10
31
kg
rest mass of proton, m
p = 1.67 10
27
kg
molar gas constant, R = 8.31 J K
1
mol
1

the Avogadro constant, N
A = 6.02 10
23
mol
1

the Boltzmann constant, k = 1.38 10
23
J K
1

gravitational constant, G = 6.67 10
11
N m
2
kg
2

acceleration of free fall, g = 9.81 m s
2

Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion, s = ut +
1
2
at
2
v
2
= u
2
+ 2as
work done on/by a gas, W = p AV
hydrostatic pressure, p = gh
gravitational potential,
| =
Gm
r

displacement of particle in s.h.m., x = x
o
sin et
velocity of particle in s.h.m., v = v
o
cos et

v =
2 2
( )
o
x x e
mean kinetic energy of a molecule of an ideal
gas
E =
3
2
kT
resistors in series, R = R
1
+ R
2
+ . . .
resistors in parallel, 1/R = 1/R
1
+ 1/R
2
+ . . .
electric potential, V
=
o
Q
r t 4

alternating current / voltage, x = x
o
sin et
transmission coefficient, T exp(2kd)
where k =
2
2
8 ( ) m U E
h
t

radioactive decay x = x
o
exp(-t)
decay constant
=
1/ 2
0.693
t


3
Section A
Answer all the questions in this Section.
1. Baldwin Street, in Dunedin, New Zealand, is considered the world's steepest residential
street. Its distance is 350 m long and is inclined at 19.0
o
to the horizontal. The highest
point of the street is 114 m higher than its lowest point, as shown in Fig. 1 below. The
speed limit of a car travelling down the street is 50.0 km h
-1
.

(a) A car of 1500 kg at the highest point of the street slides down from rest. Assume
that the resistive forces are negligible,
(i) Calculate the time taken for the car to reach the lowest point of the street.

time = s [3]

(ii) Determine whether the car will exceed its speed limit as it reaches the
lowest point of the street.

[2]

19.0
o

350 m
114 m
Fig. 1


4
(b) A boy standing at the highest point of the street throws a stone horizontally at a
speed of 40 m s
-1
. It takes 2.81 s for the stone to hit the surface of the street.
Assume negligible air resistance,
(i) Calculate the vertical height of the stone above the lowest point of the
street when it hits its surface.

height = m [2]

(ii) Determine the horizontal distance travelled by the stone as it hits the
surface.

distance = m [1]

2. (a) State the first law of thermodynamics, indicating the directions of all energy
changes.

[1]


5
(b) Some gas, assumed to behave ideally, is contained within a cylinder which is
surrounded by insulation to prevent loss of heat as shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2
Initially the volume of gas is 2.9 x 10
-4
m
3
, its pressure is 1.04 x 10
5
Pa and its
temperature is 314 K.
(i) The gas is then compressed to a volume of 2.9 x 10
-5
m
3
and its
temperature rises to 790 K. Calculate the pressure of the gas after this
compression.

pressure = Pa [2]

(ii) The work done on the gas during the compression is 91 J. Determine the
change in the internal energy of the gas during the compression.

change in internal energy = J [1]

(iii) Explain why the temperature of the gas rises during the compression.

[2]
piston
gas


6
(c) An electric kettle, rated 240 V 6.0 A, contains some water. The kettle is switched
on and the temperature of water is found to rise at the rate of 10.0 C per minute.
The specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 10
3
J kg
-1
K
-1
.
(i) Calculate the mass of water in the kettle, assuming no heat loss to the
surroundings.
State another assumption made in your calculation.

mass of water = kg [2]
Assumption:
[1]

(ii) State and explain whether your answer to (c)(i) is greater or smaller than
the actual mass of the water contained in the kettle.

[1]

3. (a) A wooden cube of length L floats on water such that 30 % of its volume is below
the surface of the water.
If the density of water is 1000 kg m
-3
, what is the density of the wooden cube?

density = kg m
-3
[2]


7
(b) The wooden cube is displaced vertically downwards by a small displacement A,
such that 5% of its volume is further submerged in water before it is released from
rest.
(i) Calculate the magnitude of the initial acceleration of the wooden cube.

acceleration = m s
-2
[2]

(ii) If there are no dissipative forces acting on the wooden cube, the
subsequent motion of the wooden cube is simple harmonic.
State the defining equation for simple harmonic motion.

[1]

(iii) The wooden cube takes 0.15 s to return to its equilibrium position the first
time.
Calculate the length L of the cube.

length = m [3]


8
4. (a) An evacuated tube contains two plane, parallel, metal electrodes, one of which is
an emitter of electrons and the other a collector. When the emitter is illuminated
with electromagnetic radiation of photon energy 2.0 eV of constant intensity,
photoelectrons are emitted. The potential difference V between the collector and
the emitter is adjusted, and the photocurrent I is measured. Fig. 4 shows the
variation of I with V.

(i) Suggest why the current is not at its maximum when V is equal to zero.

[1]

(ii) Calculate the maximum kinetic energy at which the electrons leave the
emitter.

kinetic energy = J [2]

-1 0 1 2
I /10
-8
A

1.0 -

0.5 -
V / V
Fig. 4


9
(iii) Deduce the work function of the material of the emitter.

work function = eV [1]

(iv) Explain why the current stays constant as V increases.

[2]

(b) In Fig. 4, sketch the graph when the intensity is doubled using the same
electromagnetic radiation photon energy. [2]


10
5 (a) Use the band theory to account for the electrical properties of intrinsic
semiconductors at room temperature.

[3]

(b) Fig. 5 shows a p-type semiconductor placed in contact with an n-type
semiconductor.
Discuss how the p-n junction acts as a rectifier.

[3]
p n
depletion region
Fig. 5


11
Section B
Answer two questions from this Section.
6 (a) Explain what are meant by the moment of a force and the torque of a couple.
Distinguish between the two terms.

[3]

(b) One type of weighing machine, known as a steelyard, is illustrated in Fig. 6.

Fig. 6
The 12 N and 2.5 N sliding weights can be moved independently along the light
rigid rod.
With no load on the hook and the sliding weights at the zero mark on the rigid rod,
the rod is horizontal. The hook is 4.8 cm from the pivot.
(i) Explain why the light rigid rod can remain horizontal with no load on the
hook.

[1]

light
rigid rod
zero
mark


12
(ii) Explain why the perpendicular distance from the hook to the pivot is
deliberately kept shorter compared to the length of the rigid rod.

[2]

(iii) A sack of flour is suspended from the hook. In order to return the light rigid
rod to the horizontal position, the 12 N sliding weight is moved 84 cm along
the rod and the 2.5 N sliding weight is moved 72 cm.
Calculate the mass of the sack of flour.

mass = kg [3]

(iv) Suggest why this steelyard would be less accurate when weighing objects
with a weight of about 25 N.

[1]


13
(c) (i) By referring to work done being the product of force and the displacement
in the direction of the force, derive the formula E
p
= mgh for potential
energy changes near the Earths surface.

[3]

(ii) A typical escalator at Jurong Point Shopping Mall rises at an angle of 30
to the horizontal. It lifts people through a vertical height of 15 m in
0.50 minute. Assuming all the users stand still while on the escalator,
60 users can get on at the bottom and get off at the top in 0.50 minute. The
average mass of a user is 55 kg.
1. Determine the average power needed to lift the users when the
escalator is fully laden.
Assume that any kinetic energy transferred to the users by the
escalator is negligible.

average power = W [2]

2. The frictional force in the escalator system is 1.0 x 10
4
N when the
escalator is fully laden.
Calculate the power to overcome friction.

power = W [3]


14
3. When there are 60 users walking up the moving escalator, instead of
standing still, at any point in time, explain whether more or less
power is required by the motor to maintain the escalator at the same
speed.

[2]

7. (a) Define electric potential.

[1]

(b) Fig. 7.1 shows a square ABCD of length 2.0 cm. Three negative point charges of
1.2 C are fixed at B, C and D.

Fig. 7.1
(i) On Fig. 7.1, draw and label each of the forces acting on the charge at C
due to the charges at B and D. [1]

A
B
C
D


15
(ii) Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force acting on the
charge at C due to the charges at B and D.

magnitude = N
direction = [3]

(iii) Determine the electric potential at the centre of the square due to the three
charges at B, C and D.

electric potential = V [3]

(iv) Determine the work done in bringing a positive charge of 1.2 C from
100 m away to the centre of the square.

work done = J [2]


16
(c) Define magnetic flux density.

[1]

(d) Fig. 7.2 shows the position of a wire in a magnetic field where the magnetic flux
density B is 0.40 T, directed to the right.

Fig. 7.2
The wire, which is of length 0.12 m, carries a current of 3.0 A out of the plane of
the paper.
(i) Draw a diagram to show the shape and direction of the magnetic field due
to the current in the wire.

[2]

(ii) Calculate the force acting on the wire due to the magnetic field B.

force = N [2]

(iii) On Fig. 7.2, indicate the direction of the force acting on the wire. [1]
B wire with current out of plane of

paper


17
(e) Fig. 7.3 shows the arrangement of a mass spectrometer. An ion of mass m and
charge +q is emitted with negligible speed from an ion source S. The ion is
accelerated through a pair of parallel plates P
1
and P
2
of potential difference V.
The ion then enters a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density B directed
perpendicularly to the plane of the paper. In the field it moves in a semicircle,
striking a photographic plate at a distance x from the entry slit.

(i) Show that the ion enters the magnetic field with a velocity, v =
2qV
m

[1]

(ii) The ion has a mass m = 9.3 10
26
kg and a charge q = 3.2 10
19
C. The
magnetic flux density of the field B = 0.24 T.
Determine the time taken for the ion to hit the photographic plate upon
entry into the magnetic field.

time taken = s [3]
q
P
2
P
1
+V
0 V
S
+
v
r
x
photographic
plate
Region of
magnetic
field directed
vertically to
plane of
paper
Fig. 7.3


18
8 (a) In Fig. 8.1 (a), the nine dots show the equilibrium position of the particles when
they are at rest in a medium. In Fig. 8.1 (b), the nine dots show the displacements
of the particles from their equilibrium positions at an instant when a longitudinal
wave passes through the medium.
Taking displacement to the right as positive, using the scale shown,
(i) deduce the displacement of particle 6 at the instant shown.
displacement = cm [1]

(ii) sketch the displacement-position graph of the particles in the wave at the
instant shown.

[2]

(b) A satellite passing the planet Saturn communicates with its controller on the Earth
using a microwave transmitter with output power 23.0 W and wavelength
79700 m. Saturn is 1.20 x 10
12
m from Earth at the time when the communication
takes place. Assume that the power transmitted by the satellite is radiated
uniformly in all directions.
(i) State whether the microwaves are longitudinal or transverse.
[1]

(ii) Calculate the time taken for the signal to travel from the satellite to the
Earth.

time = s [2]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
displacement / cm
position / cm
Fig 8.1 (a)

Fig 8.1 (b)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


19
(iii) calculate the intensity of the microwave received on Earth.

intensity = W m
-2
[2]

(iv) calculate the power received on the Earth by an aerial dish of effective
area 260 m
2
.

power = W [2]

(v) The actual power received at the aerial dish is 1.3 x 10
-15
W.
Suggest why the actual power received is greater than that calculated in
(b)(iv).

[1]

(c) The speed v of a progressive wave is given by the expression
f v =
A stationary wave does not have a speed. With reference to the formation of a
stationary wave, explain the significance of the product f for a stationary wave.

[3]


20
(d) When a player blows into the piccolo as shown in Fig. 8.2 (a), the air within the
piccolo vibrates. The piccolo produces sound in a column of air like a tube with
both ends open.

Fig 8.2 (a) Piccolo
Fig 8.2 (b) shows the fundamental frequency of the stationary wave formed in the
tube of a given length. The five black dots below the tube in Fig 8.2 (b)
correspond to equilibrium positions of five air molecules.

Fig 8.2 (b)
(i) The displacement vector of the first air molecule is shown. Sketch on
Fig 8.2 (b) the displacement vectors of the remaining air molecules. [2]
(ii) Mark P on Fig 8.2 (b), the region(s) of maximum change in pressure. [1]
(iii) A stationary wave corresponding to the fundamental frequency of 262 Hz
is obtained when the length of the tube is 0.655 m. For the same length of
air column, determine the frequencies of the next two modes of vibration.

2
nd
mode frequency = Hz
3
rd
mode frequency = Hz [2]

(iv) The piccolo player can change the musical note by covering or uncovering
the holes of the piccolo to change the length of the air column. Suggest
another way in which the piccolo player can vary the pitch (frequency).

[1]

Jurong Junior College: 2012 JC2 Preliminary Examination

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JJC 2012 9646/JC2 Prelim Exam P3/2012

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B wire with current out of plane of

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