You are on page 1of 15

Micro Organizational Theory MB850 Department of Organization Studies, Boston College Fall 2003, Thursday 1-3:30 p.m.

. Professor Judy Clair Office: Fulton 433 Phone: (617) 552-0451 Email: clairju@bc.edu Office Hours: Monday 1-2 p.m. or by appointment

Course Description This Ph.D. seminar is intended for beginning doctoral students. The major purpose of the course is to introduce students to some of the traditional as well as innovative topics of research in the micro side of organizational behavior and theory. The micro side of organizational behavior and theory draws primarily from the field of psychology to theorize regarding individual, interpersonal, and group level issues within the workplace. However, this area of research also draws from additional disciplines, such as sociology, anthropology, and political science. The field of organization studies is enormous; thus, my humble goal is only to provide you with a jumping-off point from which you can start to join good conversations within the field, as well as an ability to move forward in your learning beyond the necessary limits of this class. The readings draw more heavily from contemporary research; however, I also provide a dose of the older classics throughout the syllabus. A multiple perspective approach that embraces a range of epistemological and methodological research traditions is central to this class1. This multi-paradigm approach will allow students to develop a rudimentary ability to thoughtfully put the research that they encounter into a paradigmatic context and to critique research by drawing from multiple paradigmatic perspectives. We will not get heavily into epistemology or methodology; however, our discussions will aim to familiarize you with the different epistemological and methodological approaches to theory and empirical research. By the end of this course you should have: a) a road map of a good number of research streams in the micro side of the field of organization studies; b) budding analytical and conceptual skills; c) an understanding of some of the epistemological and methodological research traditions within the field; d) increased abilities for theorizing and researching in the micro side of the field; and e) improved abilities to lead and facilitate classroom learning and discussions. Preparing For Class This class runs as a seminar. Each student needs to be prepared to discuss all of the required readings for each class session. You also will be provided with a list of resource
1

Many thanks to Lynne Andersson of Temple University for allowing me to adapt this concept from her Ph.D. syllabus.

readings (see the end of the syllabus). Though not required, these lists of resource readings are provided should you want to explore a topic in greater depth. Our job together will be to create a good conversation about the topic being covered on a particular day and to help each other mindfully engage with each of the readings. So, preparation for class is likely to require that you carefully read each article more than once so that you develop a through understanding of the authors arguments as well as a more developed critique of the article, its contributions, and limitations. In addition to our critiques of readings, we will want to understand what is being attempted, what has been accomplished, and what the readings are suggesting about further extensions, refinements, and empirical research. Course Requirements Class Leadership. Each student will facilitate a discussion regarding one article during each class session. This approach ensures that all students will be involved in class leadership across the entire semester. Students will be responsible for being the most knowledgeable student in the session about their assigned article. Students should prepare several discussion questions for their article to productively guide our discussion of it. Further, each student will also be responsible for distributing a handout to the other students, no longer than one page, that provides highlights of key points of their assigned article for that week. (Students should keep these for their files, as they will likely be a resource for comprehensive exams or future research!). Please feel free to run discussion questions and summaries by me for feedback and advice. Research Paper. Every student will complete one research paper. The paper may be either: (1) A conceptual/theoretical paper suitable for publication in the Academy of Management Review, or; (2) A research proposal of the type suitable for the Academy of Management Journal. No data or analysis is necessary; however, your research design, sources of data, and proposed analyses should be presented showing how you would empirically test your hypotheses (or build theory, depending upon your research approach). Although no data collection is expected for this assignment, students should develop a proposal with the expectation that they will pursue this project in the near future. The paper topic must be related to micro-OB as broadly defined in this course. The paper should be 20-25 double-spaced pages, not including charts, graphs, and references. You should follow the style guide of the Academy Journals (available online at www.aom.pace.edu).

A 2-3 page proposal for your paper is due at the start of class on Oct. 9. Though short, this proposal is important because it lays out the conceptual rationale for your paper topic. We will spend part of class that day discussing your proposals and providing initial feedback to one another. A complete, well-developed draft of the paper is due at the start of class on Nov. 6. Please bring two copies to class. Your paper will be assigned to one of your classmates for peer review and will be returned to you at the start of class on Nov. 20. I will also provide you with feedback. The final stage of your paper will involve two steps. First, you will make a formal presentation of your paper on Dec. 4 to your classmates as well as a group of colleagues (Ph.D. students and professors). Second, you will respond to the feedback and make final revisions to the paper before turning in your final draft on Dec. 11. You will submit your revised paper as well as specific responses to your reviewers comments on a separate attachment. Peer Review. You will review one of the research papers of your peers. You are to assume that you are conducting a review for AMR or AMJ (see www.aom.pace.edu for advice to reviewers of AMR and AMJ). Your review should be constructively critical and make specific suggestions for improvement to the author. The review should address quality of conceptualization, research design (if appropriate), integration of appropriate literature, and grammatical/structural issues. Your review should be no longer than 3 single-spaced pages. You will receive the paper at the start of class on Nov. 6. You will submit a copy of the review to me and to the author at the start of class on Nov. 20. Grading Assignment (2) Research Paper a. Proposal b. Paper Draft c. Final Paper d. Presentation (3) Feedback to Peer on Their Paper Draft (4) Class Participation Weight 5% 10% 35% 15% 5% 30%

Summary Schedule
Date September 4 Topic Introduction: Theory Building and Major Paradigms in Organizational Behavior (The Debate Over) Individual Dispositions Cognition and Sensemaking Emotions and Emotional Expression in Organizations Motivation Extra Role Behaviors: Initiative and Individual Agency at Work The Dark Side of Workplace Behaviors Stress, Burnout, & Coping Socialization and Social Influence Demography and Diversity in Organizations Organizational and Work Attachments Deliverables Readings

September 11 September 18 September 25 October 2 October 9 October 16 October 23 October 30 November 6 November 13

Readings Readings Readings Readings Readings Paper Proposal Due Readings Readings Readings Readings Paper Draft Due Readings

Date November 20

Topic Leadership

Deliverables Readings Provide Written Feedback to Peer on their Paper Draft no class Presentations Final Paper Due & Party!!

November 27 no class December 4 December 11

no class Presentations Final Paper Due & Party!!

Readings Sept. 4 Introduction: Theory Building and Major Paradigms in Organizational Behavior

Pfeffer, J. 1998. Understanding organizations: Concepts and controversies. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), pp. 773-777, Handbook of social psychology (4th edition). New York: McGraw-Hill. Martin, J. 2000. Hidden gendered assumptions in mainstream organizational theory and research. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9: 207-216. Gioia, D.A. & Pitre, E. 1990. Multiparadigm perspectives on theory building. Academy of Management Review, 15: 584-602. VanMaanen, J. 1995. Style as theory. Organization Science, 6(1): 133-143. Optional: See articles by Pfeffer and VanMannen in the resource section at the syllabus end to continue with the debate characterized through VanMannen, above. Sept. 11 (The Debate Over) Individual Dispositions

Davis-Blake & Pfeffer. 1989. Just a mirage: The search for dispositional effects in organizational research. Academy of Management Review, 14: 203-224. House, Shane & Herold. 1996. Rumors of the death of dispositional research are vastly exaggerated. Academy of Management Review, 21: 203-224. Chatman, J. 1989. Improving interactional organizational research: A model of personorganization fit. Academy of Management Review, 14: 333-349. Kilduff, M. & Day, D.V. 1994. Do chameleons get ahead: The effects of self-monitoring on managerial careers. Academy of Management Journal, 37: 1047-1060. Judge, T.A. & Bono, J.E. 2001. Relationship of core self-evaluation traits self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86: 80-92.

Sept. 18

Cognition and Sensemaking

Walsh, 1995. Managerial and organizational cognition: Notes from a trip down memory lane. Organization Science, 6: 280-321. Ashforth, B.E. & Fried, Y. 1988. The mindlessness of organizational behaviors. Human Relations, 41: 305-329. Staw, B.M., Sandelands, L.E. & Dutton, J.E. 1981. Threat-rigidity effects in organizational behavior: A multilevel analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26: 501-524. Weick, K.E. 1993. The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: The Mann Gulch disaster. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38: 628-652. Sept. 25 Emotions and Emotional Expression in Organizations

Sutton, R.I. 1991. Maintaining norms about expressed emotions: The case of bill collectors. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36: 245-268. Martin, J., Knopoff, K., & Beckman, C. 1998. An alternative to bureaucratic impersonality and emotional labor: Bounded emotionality at the Body Shop. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43: 429-469. Rafaeli, A. & Sutton, R.I. 1989. The expression of emotion in organizational life. In L.L. Cummings and B.M. Staw (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 11: 142. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press. Elsbach, K.D. & Barr, P.S. 1999. The effects of mood on individuals use of structured decision protocols. Organization Science, 10: 181-198. Oct. 2 Motivation

Mitchell, T.R. 1982. Motivation: New directions for theory, research, and practice. Academy of Management Review, 7: 80-88. Mitchell, T.R. 1997. Matching motivational strategies with organizational contexts. In L.L. Cummings and B.M. Staw, Research in Organizational Behavior, 19: 57-149. Greenwich, CN: JAI Press Kanfer, R. & Heggestad, E.D. 1997. Motivational traits and skills: A person-centered approach to work motivation. In L.L. Cummings and B.M. Staw, Research in Organizational Behavior, 19: 1-56. Donovan, J.J. 2001. Work motivation. In Anderson et al. (Eds.), Handbook of industrial, work and organizational psychology, pp. 53-76. Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage. Jones Seo, M.G., Barrett, L.F. & Bartunek, J.M. 2003. The role of affective experience in work motivation. In press, Academy of Management Review.

Oct. 9

Extra Role Behaviors: Initiative and Individual Agency At Work

Van Dyne, L., Cummings, L.L., & McLean Parks, J. 1995. Extra-role behaviors: In pursuit of construct and definitional clarity (a bridge over muddied waters). In L.L. Cummings and B.M. Staw (Eds), Research in Organizational Behavior, 17: 215285. San Francisco, CA: JAI Press. Farh, J.L., Earley, P.C., & Lin, S.C. 1997. Impetus for action: A cultural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42: 421-444. Wrzesniewski, A. & Dutton, J.E. 2001. Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26: 179-201. Prasad, P. & Prasad, A. 2000. Stretching the iron cage: The constitution and implications of routine workplace resistance. Organization Science, 11: 387-403. Oct. 16 The Dark Side of Workplace Behaviors

Greenberg, J. 1990. Employee theft as a reaction to underpayment inequality: The hidden costs of pay cuts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75: 561-568. Andersson, L.M. & Pearson, C.M. 1999. Tit for tat?: The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24: 452-471. Robinson, S.L. & Bennett, R.J. 1995. A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal, 38: 555-572. Bacharach, S.B., Bamberger, P.A., & Sonnenstuhl, W.J. 2002. Driven to drink: Managerial control, work-related risk factors, and employee problem drinking. Academy of Management Journal, 45(4): 637-658. Oct. 23 Stress, Burnout, & Coping

Meyerson, D.E. 1994. Interpretations of stress in institutions: The cultural production of ambiguity and burnout. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39: 628-653. Cordes, C.L. & Dougherty, T.W. 1993. A review and integration of research on job burnout. Academy of Management Review, 18: 621-656. Schaubroeck, J. & Merritt, D.E. 1997. Divergent effects of job control on coping with work stressors: The key role of self-efficacy. Academy of Management Journal, 40: 738-754. Edwards, J.R. 1992. A cybernetic theory of stress, coping and well-being in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 17: 238-274. Kahn, W. 1993. Caring for the caregivers: Patterns of organizational caregiving. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38:

Oct. 30

Socialization and Social Influence

Van Maanen, J. & Schein, E.G. 1979. Toward a theory of organizational socialization. In B.M. Staw and L.L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 1: 209-264. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Louis, M.R. 1980. Surprise and sensemaking: What newcomers experience in entering unfamiliar organizational settings. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25: 226-251. Ibarra, H.1999. Provisional selves: Experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44: 764-791. Chatman, J. 1991. Matching people and organizations: Selection and socialization in public accounting firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36: 459-484. Morrison, E.W. 2002. Newcomers relationships: The role of social network ties during socialization. Academy of Management Journal, 45(6): 1149-1160. Nov. 6 Demography and Diversity in Organizations

Ashforth, B.E. & Humphrey, R.H. 1995. Labeling processes in the organization: Constructing the individual. In L.L. Cummings & B.M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, 17: 413-461. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Clair, J.A., Beatty, J.E., & MacLean, T. In press. Out of sight but not out of mind: Managing invisible social identities in the workplace. Academy of Management Review. Harrison, D.A., Price, K.H., Gavin, J.H., & Florey, A.T. 2002. Time, teams, and task performance: Changing effects of surface- and deep-level diversity on group functioning. Academy of Management Journal, 45(5): 1029-1045. Ely, R. J. & Thomas, D.A. 2001. Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46: 229-273. Polzer, J.T., Milton, L.P., & Swann Jr., W.B. 2002. Capitalizing on diversity: Interpersonal congruence in small work groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47: 296-324. Nov. 13 Organizational and Work Attachments

Dutton, J.E., Dukerich, J.M. & Harquail, C.V. 1994. Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39: 239-263. Kahn, W.A. 1990. Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33: 692-724. Elsbach, K. D. 1999. An expanded model of organizational identification. In B.M. Staw and L.L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 21: 163-200. Greenwich, CN: JAI Press.

Pratt, M. 2000. The good, the bad, and the ambivalent: Managing identification among Amway distributors. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45(3): 456-493. Brockner, J. Tyler, T.R., & Cooper-Schneider, R.C. 1992. The influence of prior commitment to an institution on reactions to perceived unfairness: The higher they are, the harder they fall. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37: 241-261. Nov. 20 Leadership

Den Hartog, D.N. & Koopman, P.L. 2001. Leadership in organizations. In Anderson, N. Ones, D.S., Sinangil, H.K. & Viswesvaran, C. (Eds). 2001. Handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology (vol. 2). Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage. pp. 166-187. Pfeffer, J. 1981. Management as symbolic action: The creation and maintenance of organizational paradigms. In L.L. Cummings & B.M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, 3: 1-52. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Weber, R., Camerer, C., Rottenstreich, Y. & Knez, M. 2001. The illusion of leadership: Misattribution of cause in coordination games. Organization Science, 12(5): 582598. Sparrowe, R.T. & Liden, R.C. 1997. Process and structure in leader-member exchange. Academy of Management Review, 22: 522-552. House, R.J., Spangler, W.D. & Woycke, J. 1991. Personality and charisma in the U.S. presidency: A psychological theory of leader effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36: 364-396. Additional Resources Introduction: Theory Building and Major Paradigms in Organizational Behavior Rousseau, D. 1997. Organizational behavior in the new organizational era. In J.T. Spence, J.M. Darley, & D.J. Foss (eds.), Annual Review of Psychology, (vol. 48, pp. 515-546). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews. Dent, E.B. 2002. The messy history of OB&D: How three strands came to be seen as one rope. Journal of Management History, 40(3): 266-280. Porter, L.W. 1996. Forty years of organizational studies: Reflections from a micro perspective. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41: 262-269. Alvesson, M. & Deetz, S. 2000. Alternative social science research perspectives. Doing Critical Management Research: Chapter 2, pp. 23-48. London: Sage. Bacharach, S.B. 1989. Organizational theories: Some criteria for evaluation. Academy of Management Review, 14: 496-515. Sutton, R.L. & Staw, B.M. 1995. What theory is not. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40: 371-384. Weick, K.E. 1989. Theory construction as disciplined imagination. Academy of Management Review, 14: 516-531. Pfeffer, J. 1993. Barriers to the advance of organizational science: Paradigm development as a dependent variable. Academy of Management Review, 18: 599620.

Whetten, D. 1989. What constitutes a theoretical contribution? Academy of Management Review, 14: 490-495. Pfeffer, J. 1995. Mortality, reproducibility, and the persistence of styles of theory. Organization Science, 6(6): 681-686. Van Maanen, J. 1995. Fear and loathing in organization studies. Organization Science, 6(6): 687-692. The Debate Over Individual Dispositions Barrick, M.R. & Mount, M. 1991. The big five personality dimensions & job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44: 1-26. Davis-Blake, A. & Pfeffer, J. 1996. Situational determinism? One step forward, two steps back? Academy of Management Review, April: 340-343. Shane, S.A., Herold, D.M., & House, R.J. 1996. Situational determinism? One step forward, two steps back? Academy of Management Review, April: 343-345. Meglino, B. & Ravlin, E. 1998. Individual values in organizations: Concepts, controversies, and research. Journal of Management, 24: 351-389. Staw, B. 2002. The dispositional approach to job attitudes: An empirical and conceptual review. In B. Schneider & B. Smith (Eds.), Personality and Organization. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. Staw, B., Bell, N. & Clausen, J. 1986. The dispositional approach to job attitudes: A lifetime longitudinal test. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31: 56-77. Cognition and Sensemaking Weick, K.E. 1995. Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Gioia & Poole. 1984. Scripts in organizational behavior. Academy of Management Review, 9: 449-459. Humphrey, R. 1985. How work roles influence perception: Structural-cognitive processes and organizational behavior. American Sociological Review, 50: 242252. Malle, B. 1999. How people explain behavior: A new theoretical framework. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3: 23-48. Tetlock, P.E. 2000. Cognitive biases and organizational correctives: Do both disease and cure depend on the politics of the beholder? Administrative Science Quarterly, 45: 293-326. Bougon, M., Weick, K., & Binkhorst, D. 1977. Cognition in organizations: An analysis of the Utrecht Jazz Orchestra. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22: 606-639. Emotions and Emotional Expression in Organizations Rafaeli, A. & Sutton, R.I. 1987. Expression of emotion as part of the work role. Academy of Management Review, 12: 23-37. Hochschild, A.R. 1979. Emotion work, feeling rules, and social structure. AJS, 85: 551575. Hochschild, A.R. 1983. The managed heart. Berkeley & Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. Fineman, E. (Ed.) 2000. Emotion in organizations (2nd Edition). London: Sage.

10

Lord, R.G. ,Kimoski, R.J., & Kanger, R. (Eds.) 2002. Emotions in the workplace: Understanding the structure and role of emotions in organizational behavior. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Ashkanasy, N.M. Hartel, C.E. & Zerbe, W.J. 2000. Emotions in the workplace: Research, theory and practice. Westport, CN: Quorum Books. Cropanzo, R., James, K. & Konosvsky, M.A. 1993. Dispositional affectivity as a predictor or work attitudes and job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior ,14: 595-606. Pugh, S.D. 2001. Service with a smile: Emotional contagion in a service encounter. Academy of Management Journal, 44: 1018-1027. Staw. B.M. & Barsade, S.G. 1993. Affect and managerial performance: A test of the sadder-but-wiser vs. happier-and-smarter hypothesis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38: 304-331. Huy, Q.N. 1999. Emotional capacity, emotional intelligence, and radical change. Academy of Management Review, 24: 325-345. Motivation VanErde, W., & Thierry, H. 1996. Vrooms expectancy models and work-related criteria: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81: 575-586. Landy, F. & Becker, S. 1987. Motivation theory reconsidered. In B.M. Staw and L.L. Cummings, Research in Organizational Behavior, 9. George, J. & Brief, A. 1996. Motivational agendas in the workplace: The effects of feelings on focus of attention and work motivation. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18: 75-110. Wood, R.E. & Locke, E.A. 1990. Goal setting and strategy effects on complex tasks. In B.M. Staw and L.L. Cummings (Eds), Research in Organizational Behavior, 12: 73109. Deci, E., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. 1999. A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125: 627-668. Harder, J. 1991. Equity theory vs. expectancy theory: The case of major league baseball free agents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76: 458-464. Extra Role Behaviors: Initiative and Individual Agency At Work Organ, D.W. 1988. Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. Van Dyne, L. Graham, J.W., & Dienesch, R.M. 1994. Organizational citizenship behavior: Construct redefinition, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 37: 765-802. Podsakoff, P.M. , MacKenzie, S.B., Paine, J.B., & Bachrach, D.G. 2000. Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical view of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26: 513-563. Meyerson, D.E. & Scully, M.A. 1995. Tempered radicalism and politics of ambivalence and change. Organization Science, 6: 585-600.

11

Bell, N.E. & Staw, B.M. 1989. People as sculptors versus sculpture: The role of personality and personal control in organizations. In M.B. Arthur, D.T. Hall and B.S. Lawrence (Eds.), Handbook of Career Theory, 232-251. New York: Cambridge University Press. Creed, W.E.D. & Scully, M.A. 2000. Songs of ourselves: Employees deployment of social identity in workplace encounters. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9: 391412. Dutton, J.E., Ashford, S.J., ONeill, R.M., & Lawrence, K.A. 2001. Moves that matter: Issue selling and organizational change. Academy of Management Journal, 44(4): 716-736. The Dark Side of Workplace Behaviors OLeary-Kelly, A.M., Griffin, R.W., & Glew, D.J. 1996. Organization-motivated aggression: A research framework. Academy of Management Review, 21: 225253. Pearson, C., Andersson, L., & Wenger, J. 2001. When workers flout convention: A study of workplace incivility. Human Relations, 54: 1387-1419. Giaclaone, R.A. & Greenberg, J. (Eds.) 1998. Antisocial Behavior in Organizations. New York: Walter De Gruyter & Company. Bies, R.J. & Tripp. T.M. 1998. Revenge in organizations: The good, the bad, and the ugly. In R.W. Griffin, A.M. OLeary-Kelly, & J.M. Collins (Eds.), Dysfunctional behavior in organizations: 49-67. Stamford, CT: JAI Press. Greenberg, J. & Alge, B.J. 1998. Aggressive reactions to workplace injustice. In R.W. Griffin, A.M. OLeary-Kelly, & J.M. Collins (Eds.), Dysfunctional behavior in organizations. Stamford, CT: JAI Press. Robinson, S.L. & OLeary-Kelly, J.M. 1998. Monkey see, monkey do: The influence of work groups on antisocial behavior of employees. Academy of Management Journal, 41: 658-672. Skarlicki, D.P. & Folger, R. 1997. Retaliation in the workplace: The role of distributive, procedural & interactional justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82: 434-443. OLeary-Kelly, A.M., Paetzold, R.L., & Griffin, R.W. 2000. Sexual harassment as aggressive behavior: An actor-based perspective. Academy of Management Review, 25: 372-388. Socialization and Social Influence Cialdini, R.B. & Trost, M.R. 1998. Social influence: Social norms, conformity, and compliance. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (4th ed.), pp. 151-192. New York: McGraw-Hill. Collison, D.L. 1992. Managing the shopfloor: Subjectivity, masculinity and workplace culture. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Erez, M. & Earley, P.C. 1993. Culture, self-identity, and work. New York: Oxford University Press. Trice, H.M. 1993. Occupational subcultures in the workplace. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press. Trice, H.M. & Beyer, J.M. 1993. The cultures of work organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

12

Bourassa, L. & Ashforth, B.E. 1998. You are about to party Defiant style: Socialization and identity onboard an Alaskan fishing boat. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 27: 171-196. Ashforth, B.E. & Saks, A.M. 1996. Socialization tactics: Longitudinal effects on newcomer adjustment. Academy of Management Journal, 39: 149-178. Ashforth, B.E. & Kreiner, G.E. 1999. How can you do it?: Dirty work and the challenge of constructing a positive identity. Academy of Management Review, 24: 413-434. Demography and Diversity in Organizations Flynn, F.J., Chatman, J.A., & Spataro, S.E. 2001. Getting to know you: The influence of personality on impressions and performance of demographically different people in organizations. Crocker, J., Major, B., & Steele, C. 1998. Social stigma. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (4th ed.), pp. 504-553. New York: McGraw-Hill. Fiske, S.T. 1998. Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology, pp. 357-411. New York: McGraw-Hill. Tajfel, H. & Turner, J.C. 1986. The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W.G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (2nd ed.): 7-24. Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers. Roberson, L. & Block, C.J. 2001. Racioethnicity and job performance: A review and critique of theoretical perspectives on the causes of group differences. In B.M. Staw and L.L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 23: 247325. Greenwich, CN: JAI Press. Williams, K.Y. & OReilly, C.A. 1998. Demography and diversity in organizations: A review of 40 years of research. In B.M. Staw and L.L. Cummings, Research in Organizational Behavior, 20: 77-140. Greenwich, CN: JAI Press. Stress, Burnout & Coping Ashforth, B.E. & Lee, R.T. 1990. Defensive behavior in organizations: A preliminary model. Human Relations, 43: 621-648. Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. 1984. Stress, appraisal, and coping. NY: Springer Publishing. Jackson, S.E. & Schuler, R.S. 1985. A meta-analysis and conceptual critique of research on role ambiguity and role conflict in work settings. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 36: 16-78. Edwards, J.R. 1992. A cybernetic theory of stress, coping and well-being in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 17. Jordan, P.J., Ashkanasy, N.M. & Hartel, C.E.J. 2002. Emotional intelligence as a moderator of emotional and behavioral reactions to job insecurity. Academy of Management Review, 27: 361-372.

13

Mishra, A.K. & Spreitzer, G.M. 1998. Explaining how survivors respond to downsizing: The role of trust, empowerment, justice & work redesign. Academy of Management Review, 23: 567-588. Dieme, P.J. 1992. Applying the concept of appraisal to work stressors. Human Relations, 45: 143-?. Kets de Vries, M.F.R. 1999. Organizational sleepwalkers: Emotional distress at midlife. Human Relations, 52: 1377-1401. Leadership Yukl, G. 1998. Leadership in organizations (4th edition). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Yukl, G. & Van Fleet, D.D. 1992. Theory and research on leadership in organizations. In M.D. Dunette & L.M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 3: 147-197. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Fieldler, F.E. 1996. Research on leadership selection and training: One view of the future. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41: 241-250. Byrman, A. 1996. Leadership in organizations. In S.A. Clegg, C. Hardy, & W.R. Nord (Eds.), Handbook of Organizational Studies, 276-292. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Ashcroft, K.L. 1999. Managing maternity leave: A qualitative analysis of temporary executive succession. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44: 240-280. Conger, J. & Kanungo, R. 1987. Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review, 4: 637-647. Podsakoff, P.M., Mackenzie, S.B., & Bommer, W.H. 1996. Meta-analysis of the relationship between Kerr and Jermiers substitutes for leadership and employee job attitudes, role perceptions, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81: 380-399. Gerstner, C.R. & Day, D.V. 1997. Meta-analytic review of leader-member exchange theory: Correlates and construct issues. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82: 827844. Emrich, C.G., Brower, H.H., Feldman, J.M., & Garland, H. 2001. Images in words: Presidential rhetoric, charisma, and greatness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46: 527-557. Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B.J. & Shamir, B. 2002. Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance: A field experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 45(4): 735-744. Organizational and Work Attachments OReilly, C. III, & Chatman, J. 1986. Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71: 492-499. Mitchell, T.R., Holtom, B., Lee, T.W., Sablynski, C.J., & Erezy, M. 2001. Why people stay: Using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44: 1102-1121. Dean, J. W. Jr., Brandes, P., & Dharwadkar, R. 1998. Organizational cynicism. Academy of Management Review, 23: 341-352.

14

Adler, P.A. & Adler, P. 1988. Intense loyalty in organizations: A case study of college athletics. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33: 401-417. Kahn, W.A. 1998. Relational systems at work. In B.M. Staw and L.L. Cummings, Research in Organizational Behavior, 20: 39-76. Greenwich, CN: JAI Press. Pratt, M.G. 1998. To be or not to be? Central questions in organizational identification. In D.A. Whetton & P.C. Godfrey (Eds.), Identity in organizations: Building theory through conversations: 171-207. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Meyer, J. L. Allen, N. 1997. Commitment in the workplace: Theory Research and application. Chapters 2-4. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Dukerich, J.M., Golden, B.R. & Shortell, S.M. 2002. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: The impact of organizational identification, identity, and image on the cooperative behavior of physicians. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47: 507533. Humphreys, M. & Brown, M. 2002. Narratives of organizational identity and identification: A case study of hegemony and resistance. Organizational studies, 421-447.

15

You might also like